National Conflicts: Management and Prevention

von: Nataliya Gudz

Contents

Preface 1

1. Conflict: issues, types and dynamics 2

1.1. Conflict issues 2
1.2. Conflict types 4
1.3. Conflict dynamics, or escalation 4

2. The incidence of conflicts 5

3. The continuum from war to harmony 6

4. The outcomes of conflicts 9

4.1. Avoidance 9
4.2. Conquest 9
4.3.Submission or Deterrence 10
4.4. Compromise 10
4.5.Award 11
4.6. Passive Settlement 11

5. Institutions and procedures for resolving conflicts 12

5.1. Negotiations 13
5.2. Mediation 13
5.3. Adjudication and arbitration 15

Conclusions 17

The list of the used literature sources 18

Appendix (Tables) 19

Preface

The post-Cold War change in political priorities brings with itself incompatibilities. Market competition and free trade have increased prosperity for some nations and groups but left others behind. Peace and human rights do not always go hand in hand. Democratisation and increased popular participation in government can lead to minority rights abuses. Economic development and democratisation cannot always be achieved simultaneously; in the long run, these values may be reconcilable, but in the short run, they can generate tensions.
Conflicts around the world have not declined, despite the end of the Cold War. From 1989 through 1993, a total of 90 large and small-armed conflicts occurred. At any given time, the number of violent conflicts fluctuates around 50 each year.

That′s why in the post cold-war era, it has become more important than ever that the three actors in conflict prevention and resolution - governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organisations - went hand in hand. The crucial lesson learned from the previous peace processes had been that there could be no peace without the participation and the will of the parties and the populations involved, for which participation of civil society was fundamental.

1. Conflict: issues and types

Any social change can lead to a conflict. And in order to understand how to warn and prevent it, and when it′s already broken out, how to deal with it - we should clearly define a conflict itself: its type, the involved parties, possible impact on the human security and structural stability, etc.

1.1. Conflict issues

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