This article deals with the application of the IVE software for the indirect estimation of pollutant emissions from mobile sources with Otto cycle engine and comparison of results with direct measurement in route in the Metropolitan District of Quito.
For the indirect estimation, we proceeded to quantify time data, altitude and speed with a GPS, these values were adjusted with a data filtering program to generate the matrix file for the development of the IVE program to later enter vehicle technology data, atmospheric conditions, time and date of the test and thus obtain global polluting emissions.
For the direct measurement three routes were developed: city cycle, road cycle, combined cycle in which On-Board measuring equipment was used, to collect pollutant emissions values in route, and an external tank to quantify the fuel consumption in each trip.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Selection of test vehicle
2.2. Selection of the on-road test cycle
2.3. Equipment
2.3.1. Gas analyzer On Board
2.3.2. (GPS)
2.4. Determination of the emission factor using IVE software
2.5. Emission factor determination with on-board measurement
2.5.1 Simplified Combustion Model.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Emission Factors
3.2 Comparison of manufacturer's emission data and obtained data
5. CONCLUSION
Objectives and Research Scope
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the IVE software for estimating pollutant emissions from vehicles with Otto cycle engines operating in the Metropolitan District of Quito, specifically by validating software-generated data against direct on-road measurement results and identifying necessary correction factors to adapt the software to local driving conditions.
- Application of the IVE software for indirect emission estimation
- Direct on-road pollutant measurement using On-Board equipment
- Comparison and analysis of emission factor variations (CO, NOx, HC, CO2)
- Development of empirical correction factors for localized implementation
- Evaluation of fuel consumption versus manufacturer specifications
Excerpt from the Book
2.5.1 Simplified Combustion Model.
As a basis for the combustion calculation, it is necessary to use an equivalent equation applied to the fuel. The fuel is assumed to be composed of carbon and hydrogen plus other negligible amounts of species that contribute to the mass balance.
For fuel (C8H18), the equivalent CH2.25:
F_CO = (R_CO / (R_CO + 3R_HC + 1)) * (MW_comb / MW_CO)
F_HC = (R_HC / (R_CO + 3R_HC + 1)) * (MW_comb / MW_HC)
F_NO = (R_NO / (R_CO + 3R_HC + 1)) * (MW_comb / MW_NO)
Where: RCO, RHC, RNO are the ratio for % CO a % CO2, % HC a % CO2, y % NO a % CO2, respectively.
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: Provides the context of air pollution in Quito caused by vehicular emissions and outlines the proposal to use IVE software to estimate emission factors valid for local conditions.
2. METHODOLOGY: Describes the protocols for testing, including the selection of test vehicles (Toyota Hilux, Hyundai Tucson, Chevrolet Aveo), defined driving cycles (city, highway, combined), and the specific On-Board measurement equipment used.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: Presents a comparative assessment between the emission factors calculated by IVE software and experimental on-road data, highlighting significant discrepancies that necessitate the derivation of local correction factors.
5. CONCLUSION: Summarizes that while the IVE software is a useful tool for quantifying emissions, direct application requires local empirical correction due to high variability in vehicle data and driving patterns compared to international models.
Keywords
IVE software, pollutant emissions, Otto cycle, Quito, on-road measurement, emission factors, CO2, fuel consumption, vehicular pollution, driving cycles, combustion model, vehicle emissions, air quality, experimental validation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core purpose of this study?
The study evaluates whether the IVE software, a global modeling tool, can accurately estimate emissions in the specific urban context of Quito, Ecuador, compared to direct on-road measurements.
Which vehicles were used for the performance tests?
The researchers conducted tests on three distinct vehicle types common in Quito: a Toyota Hilux (pickup), a Hyundai Tucson (SUV), and a Chevrolet Aveo Family (automobile).
What is the primary methodology employed?
The research uses a dual approach: indirect estimation via the IVE software based on GPS and vehicle data, and direct on-road measurement using an On-Board gas analyzer and specific test route protocols.
What were the main pollutants analyzed?
The study focused on quantifying Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbons (HC), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
What does the main body of the research address?
It covers the experimental setup of fuel measurement, the application of a simplified combustion model for emission factors, and the comprehensive quantitative comparison between modeled software outputs and actual road trip emissions.
Which keyword set best characterizes this work?
IVE software, vehicular emissions, emission factors, Quito, on-road measurement, and air pollution modeling.
Why are standard correction factors insufficient in Quito?
The study found that international models like IVE often show high variability when applied in Quito due to local geography, fuel quality, and specific driving cycles, requiring locally-derived empirical factors.
What was the observation regarding CO2 emissions?
The results indicated that both IVE estimations and on-road measurements differed from manufacturer-provided data, with on-road measurements generally being closer to empirical reality but still divergent from factory specifications.
Can the IVE software be used without experimentation after this study?
The authors conclude that after obtaining a real local correction factor empirically, the software could potentially be used for inventories without further on-road experimentation for these specific vehicle types.
What is the significance of the "simplified combustion model" mentioned?
It provides the mathematical basis for calculating the mass balance of species in the fuel, allowing researchers to convert concentration ratios into standardized emission units like g/km.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Geomara Nathaly Fajardo Gavidia (Autor:in), 2018, Application of IVE Software for the Indirect Estimation of Pollutant Emissions from Mobile Sources with Otto Cycle Engine, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1299290
