Sensor nodes have restricted storage, computational and energy resources, these restrictions place a limit on the types of deployable routing mechanisms. Routing protocol disseminates information that enables the sensor nodes to select routes to communicate with other nodes on the network and the choice of the route is determined by the routing algorithms. Thus the routing protocol helps the nodes to gain knowledge about the topology of the network to which it is attached directly.
There are mainly two types of routing processes: one is static routing and the other is dynamic routing. In a static routing, the routing tables are set up in a static manner in the nodes. The network routes for the packet are initially set between the nodes. However, if any node on the specified route fails, the data may not reach the destination. In a dynamic routing, routing tables in the routers often change whenever the possible routes change. Dynamic routing is more suitable as the nodes in WSNs may frequently change their position and die at any moment.
The routing protocols are classified into single hop and multi hop routing. In a single hop routing, sensor node directly communicates with the sink to share the gathered information. Energy consumption is high in the network using single hop protocol. In multi hop routing, data is routed through the intermediate nodes to the base station. Each node transfers sensed data to the immediate node which in turn transfers the data to the next immediate node and finally the data reaches the base station. Energy consumption in this kind of routing protocol is less and thus the lifetime of the nodes is high.
The major challenge to the efficient operation of wireless sensor network lies in its ability to deliver the sensed information from the nodes to the sink within the specific time duration without the loss of data packets with high security. The sensor nodes depend on the battery source for their operation which has limited capacity. Thus the energy resource of the sensor nodes has to be used efficiently in order to increase the operational lifetime of the network.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Overview
- 1.2 Wireless Sensor Networks
- 1.3 Routing Protocols in WSN
- Chapter 2: Background on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Architecture of Wireless Sensor Nodes
- 2.2.1 Sensing Unit
- 2.2.2 Processing Unit
- 2.2.3 Communication Unit
- 2.2.4 Power Unit
- 2.3 Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
- 2.3.1 Challenges and Issues
- 2.3.2 Network Topology
- 2.3.2.1 Flat Topology
- 2.3.2.2 Cluster-based Topology
- 2.3.2.3 Chain-based Topology
- 2.3.2.4 Tree-based Topology
- 2.3.3 Stages in Data Gathering in WSN
- 2.3.3.1 Deployment Stage
- 2.3.3.2 Control Message Dissemination
- 2.3.3.3 Data Delivery Stage
- 2.3.4 Data Collection Approaches
- 2.3.4.1 Static Nodes Based Data Collection
- 2.3.4.2 Mobile Elements Based Data Collection Techniques
- 2.3.4.3 Mobile Sink Based WSN
- 2.3.4.4 Mobile Relay Based Wireless Sensor Network
- 2.4 Applications of WSN
- 2.5 Performance Metrics
- 2.6 Conclusion
- Chapter 3: Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Data Collection Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
- 3.3 Mobile Sink Based Data Collection Schemes
- 3.4 Energy Awareness in Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Network
- 3.5 Routing Protocols for WSN
- 3.6 Routing Protocols for Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network
- 3.7 Reliable Data Collection Protocols in WSNs
- 3.8 Conclusion
- Chapter 4: Reliable and Energy Efficient Data Collection Using Mobile Sink in WSN
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.1.1 Energy Model
- 4.2 Rendezvous Point (RP) Based Data Collection Scheme
- 4.3 Estimation of In-Network Communication Cost
- 4.4 Rendezvous Point (RP) Estimation
- 4.4.1 Rendezvous Point (RP) based Data Collection using Mobile Relay (MR)
- 4.4.2 RP-Mobile Sink based Optimal Solution for Trajectory Path
- 4.5 Biased Random Walk Model for Sink Mobility
- 4.5.1 Challenges in Mobile Sink based Data Collection Paradigm
- 4.5.2 Network Traversal using Deterministic Walk
- 4.5.3 Network Traversal using Biased Random Walk
- 4.6 Data Transmission Technique
- 4.7 Data Gathering Linked with Pause Time
- 4.8 Performance Metrics
- Chapter 5: Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Sink Based Data Gathering (ERMMSDG)
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Data Gathering Technique Using ERMMSDG Protocol
- 5.3 Relay Node Selection
- 5.4 Intelligent Agent-Based Routing Protocol (IAR)
- 5.4 Performance Metrics
- Chapter 6: RSRPMS Protocol for Multiple Mobile Sink
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 RSRPMS Protocol for Multiple Mobile Sink
- 6.2.1 The Process at the Sink Node
- 6.2.2 The Process at Source Node
- 6.3 Overall Algorithm
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The objective of this work is to explore and improve data gathering techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), specifically focusing on the use of mobile sinks to enhance energy efficiency and reliability. The research investigates various aspects of data collection, routing protocols, and energy management within WSNs.
- Energy-efficient data gathering in WSNs
- Reliable data transmission in WSNs using mobile sinks
- Routing protocols for mobile sink-based data collection
- Optimization of mobile sink trajectories
- Impact of network topology on data gathering efficiency
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), highlighting their advantages and limitations. It discusses the explosive growth of information and communication technologies, the advent of wireless networks, and the convergence of communication, networking, and wireless technologies leading to the development of WSNs. The chapter also introduces the challenges related to WSNs, primarily focusing on energy constraints and communication range limitations. The importance of efficient routing protocols for data gathering is emphasized as a critical factor influencing the network lifetime and overall performance.
Chapter 2: Background on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): This chapter delves into the fundamental aspects of WSNs, starting with an introduction to their evolution and various applications. It then provides a detailed explanation of the architecture of wireless sensor nodes, outlining the function and resource needs of the sensing, processing, communication, and power units. A significant portion of the chapter focuses on data gathering in WSNs, addressing the challenges and issues, such as self-organization, routing, energy efficiency, reliability, data aggregation, scalability, security, and fault tolerance. Different network topologies—flat, cluster-based, chain-based, and tree-based—are explored, along with various data collection approaches (static nodes-based and mobile elements-based).
Chapter 3: Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: This chapter reviews existing literature on data collection and routing protocols in WSNs, with a particular emphasis on mobile sink-based data collection. The chapter explores various data collection techniques, including those employing mobile elements and mobile sinks, analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages. It delves into the optimization of energy consumption and the trade-offs between energy efficiency and latency. Different mobility strategies for mobile sinks, such as random, fixed, and adaptive mobility, are discussed along with the analysis of random walk methods.
Chapter 4: Reliable and Energy Efficient Data Collection Using Mobile Sink in WSN: This chapter introduces a new protocol, MSREEDG, designed to improve mobile sink-based data collection. It proposes a rendezvous point (RP) based data collection scheme to optimize data gathering. The chapter develops an energy model to estimate in-network communication costs, focusing on RP estimation for both mobile relays and mobile sinks. A biased random walk model for sink mobility is presented, aiming to balance network coverage and energy efficiency. The incorporation of Reed-Solomon coding for reliable data transmission is also detailed.
Chapter 5: Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Sink Based Data Gathering (ERMMSDG): Building upon the previous chapter, this chapter introduces the ERMMSDG protocol, an advanced routing algorithm for multiple mobile sinks. It describes a data gathering technique using ERMMSDG and details the relay node selection process, comparing it with the Intelligent Agent-based Routing (IAR) protocol. The chapter explains the performance metrics used to evaluate the efficiency of the ERMMSDG protocol.
Chapter 6: RSRPMS Protocol for Multiple Mobile Sink: This chapter presents the RSRPMS protocol, a further enhancement of the ERMMSDG protocol, incorporating security features. The chapter details the data gathering technique using RSRPMS, including relay node selection, and describes the mechanisms for secure data transmission using symmetric key cryptography. The algorithm for the protocol is also outlined.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Mobile Sinks, Data Gathering, Routing Protocols, Energy Efficiency, Reliability, Rendezvous Points, Biased Random Walk, Reed-Solomon Codes, Symmetric Key Cryptography, Network Topology, Energy Management, Latency, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio.
Frequently Asked Questions: Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks using Mobile Sinks
What is the main topic of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive overview of research on data gathering techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), focusing on the use of mobile sinks to improve energy efficiency and reliability. It details various routing protocols, energy models, and optimization strategies related to this topic.
What are the key objectives of the research presented?
The research aims to explore and enhance data gathering methods in WSNs, specifically by utilizing mobile sinks. Key objectives include improving energy efficiency, ensuring reliable data transmission, developing effective routing protocols for mobile sink-based data collection, optimizing mobile sink trajectories, and analyzing the impact of network topology on data gathering efficiency.
What are the key themes explored in this research?
The key themes revolve around energy-efficient data gathering, reliable data transmission using mobile sinks, routing protocols designed for mobile sink-based data collection, optimization of mobile sink trajectories, and the influence of network topology on the efficiency of data gathering.
What are the different chapters and their respective focuses?
Chapter 1 (Introduction) provides a general overview of WSNs and their challenges. Chapter 2 (Background on WSNs) delves into the architecture of WSN nodes and data gathering techniques. Chapter 3 (Routing Protocols in WSNs) reviews existing routing protocols, particularly those utilizing mobile sinks. Chapter 4 (Reliable and Energy Efficient Data Collection Using Mobile Sink in WSN) introduces a new protocol (MSREEDG) focusing on rendezvous points and biased random walks. Chapter 5 (Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Sink Based Data Gathering (ERMMSDG)) presents the ERMMSDG protocol for multiple mobile sinks. Chapter 6 (RSRPMS Protocol for Multiple Mobile Sink) introduces the RSRPMS protocol, an enhancement of ERMMSDG incorporating security features.
What specific protocols are introduced and discussed?
The research introduces and analyzes several protocols: MSREEDG (a protocol for reliable and energy-efficient data collection using mobile sinks), ERMMSDG (an efficient routing protocol for mobile sink-based data gathering), and RSRPMS (a protocol for multiple mobile sinks, incorporating security features).
What are the main challenges addressed in the research?
The main challenges addressed include energy constraints in WSNs, ensuring reliable data transmission in the presence of node failures or communication disruptions, optimizing routing protocols to minimize energy consumption and latency, and effectively managing the mobility of the mobile sink to maximize coverage and minimize energy expenditure.
What methodologies are used in the research?
The research employs various methodologies, including the development and analysis of new routing protocols (MSREEDG, ERMMSDG, RSRPMS), the use of energy models to estimate communication costs, the application of biased random walk models for sink mobility, and the evaluation of performance metrics such as energy efficiency, reliability, and latency.
What are the key performance metrics used to evaluate the proposed protocols?
Key performance metrics include energy efficiency, reliability (e.g., packet delivery ratio), latency, and throughput. Specific metrics are detailed within each chapter related to the protocol being evaluated.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Mobile Sinks, Data Gathering, Routing Protocols, Energy Efficiency, Reliability, Rendezvous Points, Biased Random Walk, Reed-Solomon Codes, Symmetric Key Cryptography, Network Topology, Energy Management, Latency, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio.
What is the intended audience for this document?
This document is intended for academic use, providing a structured and professional analysis of themes related to data gathering in WSNs. The information is suitable for researchers, students, and professionals in the fields of wireless sensor networks, communication systems, and computer science.
- Quote paper
- Madhumathy Perumal (Author), R. Umamaheswari (Author), 2020, Wireless Sensor Networks. Routing Protocol Overview, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/963306
