INHALTSVERZEICHNIS

/LWHUDWXUXQG)UDQFR'LNWDWXU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

'LH7KHDWHU]HQVXUBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

'LH=HQVXULP:HUN%XHUR9DOOHMRV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

+LVWRULDGHXQDHVFDOHUDXQG(OWUDJDOX]±=ZHL(LQ]HOZHUNDQDO\VHQBB

(OWUDJDOX]BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

/LWHUDWXUYHU]HLFKQLVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

(LQOHLWXQJ

$QWRQLR %XHUR 9DOOHMR ]lKOW ]X GHQ EHGHXWHQGVWHQ OLWHUDULVFKHQ )LJXUHQ GHU 1DFKNULHJV]HLWLQ6SDQLHQ(UNlPSIWHDXI6HLWHQGHU5HSXEOLNDQHULP%UJHU NULHJXQGZXUGHDQGHVVHQ(QGH]XP7RGHYHUXUWHLOWHUIROJWHGLH%HJQD GLJXQJ YLHO VSlWHU LVW HU JDU ]XP 0LWJOLHG GHU Real Academia Española HUQDQQW ZRUGHQ %XHUR 9DOOHMR LVW DOV HLQH KHUDXVUDJHQGH (LQ]HOILJXU VHLQHU =HLWLQ(UVFKHLQXQJJHWUHWHQVHLQJUR‰HU(UIROJHistoria de una escaleraVWHKW KHXWHDOVHLQ6\PEROIUGLH:LHGHUEHOHEXQJXQG(UQHXHUXQJGHVVSDQLVFKHQ 7KHDWHUV 'HUYRQLKPGDUJHVWHOOWHLQV7UDJLVFKHUHLFKHQGH5HDOLVPXVVHW]WH VLFKVWDUNDEYRQGHUJHUDGHYRUKHUUVFKHQGHQ)ULYROLWlWGHP.ODPDXNXQGGHU .ULWLNORVLJNHLWGHV7KHDWHUVLQ6SDQLHQ

:LHVLFK%XHURV6R]LDONULWLNPLWGHU=HQVXUGHVGLNWDWRULVFKHQ)UDQFR5HJLPHV YHUHLQHQOLH‰XQGZLHVLFKGHU$XWRUJHVFKLFNWDQGLHUHSUHVVLYHQ*HJHEHQKHL WHQDQSDVVWHGDVVLQG)UDJHQGLHLP9HUODXIGLHVHU$UEHLWJHNOlUWZHUGHQVRO OHQ(VZLUGJH]HLJWGDVVHUGXUFKJQVWLJH(QWZLFNOXQJHQLQHLQHEHVRQGHUH 5ROOHKLQHLQIDQGGLHLKPGHQ8PJDQJPLWGHU=HQVXUXPPDQFKHVHUOHLFKWHUWH )UHLQDXVUHLFKHQGHV+LQWHUJUXQGYHUVWlQGQLVZLUGMHGRFK]XQlFKVWHWZDVQl KHU DXI GLH 6LWXDWLRQ GHU /LWHUDWXU XQWHU GHP )UDQTXLVPXV VRZLH DXI HLQLJH ZLFKWLJH =HQVXUSUDNWLNHQ HLQJHJDQJHQ 'DEHL PVVHQ GLH $XVZLUNXQJHQ GHU SROLWLVFKHQ gIIQXQJ GHV 5HJLPHV DXI GLH =HQVXU XQG GLH GDPLW ]XVDPPHQKlQJHQGH /LEHUDOLVLHUXQJ LQ GHQ HU -DKUHQ LQ GLH hEHUOHJXQJHQ PLWHLQEH]RJHQZHUGHQ'DV7KHDWHUVWHKWGDEHLEHVRQGHUVLP)RNXV 'HUKLQWHUH7HLOGHU$UEHLWEHIDVVWVLFKGDQQNRQNUHWPLWGHP7KHDWHU$QWRQLR %XHUR9DOOHMRVXQWHUGHU=HQVXU(VZLUGHUOlXWHUWZLHVLFKVHLQ:HUNWURW]GHU .RQWUROOPHFKDQLVPHQYHUEUHLWHQNRQQWHXQGZLHHUVHOEVWGLHGDGXUFKEHGLQJ WHQ .RQYHQWLRQHQ EHXUWHLOW KDW $QKDQG GHU EHLGHQ ([HPSHO Historia de una escalera XQG El tragaluz ZHUGHQ GLH =HQVXUXPJHKXQJVVWUDWHJLHQ ]ZHLHU WKHPDWLVFK lKQOLFKHU 6WFNH GLH DEHU ]HLWOLFK VHKU XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ 3KDVHQ DQJHK|UHQ GDUJHVWHOOW 6R NDQQ HLQ 9HUJOHLFK DQJHVWHOOW ZHUGHQ RE IU GLH =HQVXU YRQ HLQHU KRPRJHQHQ (QWZLFNOXQJ LQ 5LFKWXQJ ]XQHKPHQGHU OLWHUDUL VFKHU)UHLKHLWHQDXVJHJDQJHQZHUGHQNDQQ

^{9JO/LWHUDWXUZlKUHQG%UJHUNULHJXQG)UDQFR'LNWDWXUÄSRVJXHUUD³+LVWRULVFKHU +LQWHUJUXQGLQZZZJHZLXQLJUD]DWVWDIISIHLIIHUPDWHULDOLHQMKGRF}

/LWHUDWXUXQG)UDQFR'LNWDWXU

,P IROJHQGHQ .DSLWHO VROOHQ ]XQlFKVW HLQLJH DOOJHPHLQH (QWZLFNOXQJHQ IU GLH /LWHUDWXU GDULQ LPSOL]LHUW GLH *DWWXQJHQ /\ULN %HOOHWULVWLN 7KHDWHU XQG DXFK )LOP XQWHU GHP )UDQTXLVPXV DXIJH]HLFKQHW ZHUGHQ 1DFK GHU 0DFKWEHU QDKPH GHV &DXGLOOR NDP HV LQ 6SDQLHQ ]X ]DKOUHLFKHQ WLHIJUHLIHQGHQ 9HUlQGHUXQJHQGLHVLFKDXFKDXIGLH/LWHUDWXUDXVZLUNWHQ'HURKQHKLQVFKRQ YHUOXVWUHLFKH%UJHUNULHJ]RJHLQH6SXUGHU9HUZVWXQJQDFKVLFK+LQULFKWXQ JHQ XQG 5HSUHVVLRQVPD‰QDKPHQ JHK|UWHQ ]XP $OOWDJ 9LHOHQ EOLHE QXU GLH )OXFKW LQV ([LO GDUXQWHU HLQH EHWUlFKWOLFKH$Q]DKO DQ 6FKULIWVWHOOHUQ XQG 'LFK WHUQ GHQHQ GDV 6FKLFNVDO )HGHULFR *DUFLD /RUFDV DOV EOXWLJHV ([HPSHO GHU %UXWDOLWlW YRQ )UDQFRV 6FKHUJHQ QRFK IHVW LP *HGlFKWQLV KDIWHWH )RUWDQ EH VWLPPWH 3HVVLPLVPXV GLH OLWHUDULVFKH 3URGXNWLRQ GHV /DQGHV GD HLQ *UR‰WHLO GHU ,QWHOOHNWXHOOHQ VLFK IU GLH 5HSXEOLN EHNDQQW RGHU ]XPLQGHVW PLW GLHVHU V\PSDWKLVLHUW KDWWH 'LH 1LHGHUODJH EHGHXWHWH VWDWWGHVVHQ GDVV VLFK HLQ *H IKO XQG HLQH (UIDKUXQJ GHV 6FKHLWHUQV DOO MHQHU EHPlFKWLJWH GLH DXI HLQHQ 6LHJGHU5HSXEOLNJHKRIIWKDWWHQ

'LHQHXHQ0DFKWKDEHUEHJHJQHWHQGHUVSDQLVFKHQ,QWHOOLJHQ]LDPLW0LVVWUDXHQ *HVWW]W DXI GLH JUR‰H 7UDGLWLRQ YHUJDQJHQHU =HLWHQ EHVRQGHUV GHV siglo de oro ZROOWH PDQ HLQH QHXH .XOWXU GXUFK HLQH (UK|KXQJ YRQ NULHJHULVFKHU XQG NDWKROLVFKHU 0RUDO JHSDDUW PLW QDWLRQDOLVWLVFKHU 3UlJXQJ HUVFKDIIHQ 0LW GHU $XINOlUXQJ XQG GHUHQ(UEH VRZLH PLWGHP/LEHUDOLVPXV ZXUGHHLQ YROOVWlQGL JHU%UXFKYROO]RJHQOLWHUDULVFKH*U|‰HQZLH8QDPXQRXQG&ODUtQJDOWHQIRUWDQ DOV XQ]XOlVVLJ (V NDP ]X HLQHU XQJHKHXUHQ 9HUDUPXQJ GHU/LWHUDWXU XQG PLW $]RUtQXQG%DUURMDZDQGWHQVLFKVRJDU]ZHL$QJHK|ULJHGHUgeneración del 98 GHP )UDQTXLVPXV ]X (LQHU 9LHO]DKO SURSDJDQGLVWLVFKHU 5RPDQH YRQ KlXILJ VFKOHFKWHU4XDOLWlWVWDQGHLQHH[WHQVLYHXQGTXDOLWDWLYKRFKZHUWLJH([LOOLWHUDWXU JHJHQEHU (LQLJH SRSXOlUH 9HUWUHWHU LQ GLHVHP %HUHLFK VLQG 5DIDHO $OEHUWL $QWRQLR 0DFKDGR RGHU 0D[ $XE 'DV VSDQLVFKH 7UDXPD GHU dos Españas VSLHJHOWH VLFK LQ GLHVHP )DOO LQ GHU 7HLOXQJ GHU /LWHUDWXU HLQHU /LWHUDWXU GHU 6LHJHUXQGGHU%HVLHJWHQ

'DVEHUHLWVLQGHUVRJHQDQQWHQzona nacionalHUODVVHQHley de prensa,

^{9JO/LWHUDWXUZlKUHQG%UJHUNULHJXQG)UDQFR'LNWDWXUÄSRVJXHUUD³+LVWRULVFKHU +LQWHUJUXQGLQZZZJHZLXQLJUD]DWVWDIISIHLIIHUPDWHULDOLHQMKGRF} +LHUZlUHQYRUDOOHPGLHXQPLWWHOEDUQDFK0DFKWHUJUHLIXQJGHU)UDQTXLVWHQHQWVWDQGHQHQ %UJHUNULHJVURPDQHDXVQDWLRQDOHU3HUVSHNWLYH]XQHQQHQ

EHVWLPPWH DE VRIRUW GLH .RQYHQWLRQHQ XQG GLH HQJ JHIDVVWHQ *UHQ]HQ GHU VSDQLVFKHQ /LWHUDWXU 1DFK GHU 0DFKWHUJUHLIXQJ GXUFK GLH )UDQTXLVWHQ KDWWH GLH %HY|ONHUXQJ |NRQRPLVFKH .ULVHQ XQG VWDUNHQ 9HUIDOO LKUHU /HEHQVTXDOLWlW HUOHLGHQPVVHQ'LHSROLWLVFKHXQGZLUWVFKDIWOLFKH,VRODWLRQGHU-DKUHELV YHUVFKlUIWHGLH6LWXDWLRQQRFK]XVlW]OLFK7URW]GLHVHU]HUUWWHWHQ9HUKlOW QLVVH YHUVXFKWH GHU )UDQFR6WDDW GXUFK VWUHQJHQ 3URWHNWLRQLVPXV GLH .RQVROLGLHUXQJGHU1DWLRQYRUDQ]XWUHLEHQ (LQH$XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJPLWGHQ]HQVRULVFKHQ%HGLQJXQJHQGHV)UDQFR5H JLPHV ]X GLHVHU =HLW ZDU IU GLH LQ 6SDQLHQ YHUEOLHEHQHQ /LWHUDWHQ DOOJHJHQ ZlUWLJ 'LH $EOHKQXQJ GHU ,QWHOOHNWXHOOHQ GXUFK GHQ 6WDDW I|UGHUWH GLH 2SSRVLWLRQVKDOWXQJ XQWHU MHQHQ QRFK ]XVlW]OLFK ,KUH .ULWLN NRQQWH MHGRFK QXU DXI LQGLUHNWH XQG YHUVFKOVVHOWH $UW ]XP $XVGUXFN NRPPHQ LQGHP VLH EHLVSLHOVZHLVHGLHWULVWH5HDOLWlWGHVVSDQLVFKHQ$OOWDJVWKHPDWLVLHUWHRGHUGLH 0RQRWRQLH XQG *OFNORVLJNHLW DOV VSDQLVFKH *HJHEHQKHLWHQ EHVFKULHE ZDV GHUSURSDJLHUWHQbVWKHWLNXQWHU)UDQFRZLGHUVSUDFK6HOEVWUHJLPHWUHXH$XWR UHQZLH-RVp&DPLOR&HOD]HLJWHQVLFK]XQHKPHQGHQWWlXVFKWYRQGHQGHVR ODWHQ=XVWlQGHQLPHLJHQHQ/DQG%HL&HODVSLHJHOWVLFKGLHVHU7DWEHVWDQGLQ VHLQHP5RPDQ³'HU%LHQHQNRUE³ZLHGHU

$OV GLH ,VRODWLRQ GHU 1DWLRQ GXUFK GDV $XVODQG DXIJHKREHQ 6SDQLHQ VHOEVW VLFKLQGHQHU-DKUHQIUGHQ0DVVHQWRXULVPXV|IIQHWHXQGVFKOLH‰OLFKGDV ]ZHLWH9DWLNDQLVFKH.RQ]LOYRQ6HLWHQGHUVWUHQJHQ.DWKROLNHQHLQHODQJVDPH /LEHUDOLVLHUXQJ EHZLUNWH ORFNHUWHQ VLFK GLH 5HSUHVVLRQHQ HWZDV HLQ 8PVWDQG

GXUFK GHQ DOV ³OLEHUDOHQ )DODQJLVWHQ³ JHOWHQGHQ 0DQXHO )UDJD ,ULEDUQH GHQ &KHIGHU=HQVXUEHK|UGHGHVMinisterio de Información y TurismoYHUDEVFKLH GHWHley de prensa e imprentaHUODXEWHGXUFKHLQH3UlDPEHOGHPVSDQLVFKHQ %UJHU IRUPDO GDV 5HFKW DXI IUHLH 0HLQXQJVlX‰HUXQJ +HULEHUW +lUWLQJHU KDW DEHU ULFKWLJJHKHQG DXI GLH ³WUJHULVFKH )DVVDGH³ GHV ³/H\ )UDJD³ KLQJHZLH VHQGDVNHLQHHLQKHLWOLFKH/LEHUDOLVLHUXQJIUGLH/LWHUDWXUEHGHXWHWH'HQ,QWHO OHNWXHOOHQILHOHQGDGXUFKWURW]GHPHWZDVJU|‰HUH)UHLKHLWHQ]X

^{.OHLQH*HVFKLFKWH6SDQLHQV+UVJ6FKPLGW3HHU%XQGHV]HQWUDOHIUEHVRQGHUVGHQ ,QWHOOHNWXHOOHQJU|‰HUH)UHLKHLWHQEHLGHU0HLQXQJVlX‰HUXQJSROLWLVFKH%LOGXQJ%RQQ 6} +lUWLQJHU+HULEHUW2SSRVLWLRQVWKHDWHULQGHU'LNWDWXU6SDQLHQNULWLNLP:HUNGHV 'UDPDWLNHUV$QWRQLR%XHUR9DOOHMRYRUGHP+LQWHUJUXQGGHUIUDQTXLVWLVFKHQ=HQVXU *RWWIULHG(JHUW9HUODJ6

=HQVXUXQWHU)UDQFR

Ä'LH =HQVXU LVWHLQ ZHVHQWOLFKHU%HVWDQGWHLOGHU 8QWHUGUFNXQJVPHFKDQLVPHQ DXWRULWlUHU5HJLPH'DKHUJHK|UWGLH(WDEOLHUXQJHLQHVHIIL]LHQWHQ=HQVXUXQG .RQWUROOV\VWHPVVWHWV]XGHQHUVWHQ0D‰QDKPHQGLHHLQHGLNWDWRULVFKH5HJLH UXQJ HUJUHLIW XP LKUH 0DFKWSRVLWLRQ DE]XVLFKHUQ³ 6R EHVFKUHLEW .DWULQ & %HUQKDUGGLH9HUELQGXQJ]ZLVFKHQ'LNWDWXUXQG=HQVXU

,Q 6SDQLHQ XQWHUVWDQG OHW]WHUH QDFK PHKUHUHQ :HFKVHOQ LKUH =XVWlQGLJNHLW EHWUHIIHQG DE ]XHUVW GHP (U]LHKXQJVPLQLVWHULXP XP GDQQ GHP Ministerio de Información y TurismoGHUQHXJHVFKDIIHQHQ3URSDJDQGD]HQWUD OH GHV )UDQFR6WDDWHV DQJHVFKORVVHQ ]X ZHUGHQ 'LH 6WUHQJH GHU =HQVXU XQWHUVFKLHGVLFKQDFKGHQHLQ]HOQHQ*DWWXQJHQ'HP%HUHLFKGHU/\ULNZXUGHQ HLQELV]ZHL=HQVRUHQ]XJHWHLOWGHP7KHDWHUGDJHJHQELV]X]HKQGHP)LOP ELV]X]ZDQ]LJLPPHUDEKlQJLJYRQGHUgIIHQWOLFKNHLWVZLUNVDPNHLW )LOPXQG 7KHDWHU]HQVXUZDUHQRELKUHUGLUHNWHQ=XZHQGXQJDQHLQ3XEOLNXPDGPLQLV WUDWLY HQJ PLWHLQDQGHU YHUEXQGHQ 'LH /HJLWLPDWLRQ IU GDV =HQVXUZHVHQ ZDU GXUFKGDVEHUHLWVHUZlKQWHHUVWH3UHVVHJHVHW]YRQHUZLUNWZRUGHQ ,Q GHU 3UD[LV GXUFKOLHIHQ GLH HLQJHUHLFKWHQ 0DQXVNULSWH ]XQlFKVW HLQH REOLJDWRULVFKH 9RU]HQVXU GLH consulta previa )DOOV YRQ GHQ /HNWRUHQ IU QRWZHQGLJ EHIXQGHQ ZXUGHQ 6WUHLFKXQJV XQG bQGHUXQJVYRUVFKOlJH YRUJH QRPPHQ LQ HLQHU HLJHQV ]X MHGHU 7H[WYRUODJH DQJHOHJWHQ =HQVXUDNWH QRWLHUW XQG GDQQ DQ GLH EHUJHRUGQHWH =HQVXULQVWDQ] ZHLWHUJHOHLWHW 'DQDFK NRQQWH HLQH HUQHXWH 8QWHUVXFKXQJ YHUODQJW ZHUGHQ 'DV ]HLWDXIZHQGLJH 9HUIDKUHQ XQG GLH EHZXVVW HLQJHVHW]WH 9HU]|JHUXQJ LQ HLQLJHQ )lOOHQ KLQUHLFKHQG ELV ]XP silencio administrativo HLQHP XQEHIULVWHWHQ RGHU HQGJOWLJHQ %HLVHLWH OHJHQ GHU $NWH ]HUPUEWHQ GLH $XWRUHQ (UJDE GLH 9RU]HQVXU NHLQ XQHLQJH VFKUlQNWHV 9HUERW PXVVWH GDV 0DQXVNULSW GHQ 9RUJDEHQ GHU /HNWRUHQ DE

^{%HUQKDUG.DWULQ&=HQVXUEHGLQJWH6WUDWHJLHRGHUlVWKHWLVFKHV.RQ]HSW'DVGUDPDWLVFKH :HUNYRQ$QWRQLR%XHUR9DOOHMRLPIUDQTXLVWLVFKHQXQGGHPRNUDWLVFKHQ6SDQLHQ)UDQNIXUWDP 0DLQ6} 9JO/LWHUDWXUZlKUHQG%UJHUNULHJXQG)UDQFR'LNWDWXUÄSRVJXHUUD³+LVWRULVFKHU +LQWHUJUXQGLQZZZJHZLXQLJUD]DWVWDIISIHLIIHUPDWHULDOLHQMKGRF 9JO+lUWLQJHU+HULEHUW2SSRVLWLRQVWKHDWHULQGHU'LNWDWXU6SDQLHQNULWLNLP:HUNGHV 'UDPDWLNHUV$QWRQLR%XHUR9DOOHMRYRUGHP+LQWHUJUXQGGHUIUDQTXLVWLVFKHQ=HQVXU*RWWIULHG (JHUW9HUODJ6