Inhaltsverzeichnis

Liste  der verwendeten Abkürzungen  4

1.  Einleitung  5

2.  Interaktion im FSU  8

'HILQLWLRQYRQ,QWHUDNWLRQLP+LQEOLFNDXIGHQ)68   8

8QWHUULFKWOLFKHYVDX  HUXQWHUULFKWOLFKH,QWHUDNWLRQ  9

'LHYLHU7\SHQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKHQ,QWHUDNWLRQ   11

  (LQIOXVVIDNWRUHQDXIGLH,QWHUDNWLRQLP)68  13

  ,QWHUDNWLRQXQG6FKZHLJHQLP8QWHUULFKW  15

2.5.1.  Schweigen Begriffsbestimmung und Funktion  15

2.5.2.  Schweigen im Unterrichtskontext  17

3.  Interaktion im FSU im kulturellen Kontext  19

XU  'LVNXVVLRQHLQHVDQJHPHVVHQHQ.XOWXUEHJULIIHVI UGHQ)68  19

  )RUVFKXQJVDQVlW H XU2SHUDWLRQDOLVLHUEDUNHLWGHV.XOWXUIDNWRUV  21

XOWXUHOOH6R  LDOLVDWLRQXQGGHUHQ(LQIOXVVDXIGHQ)68  25

'LHNXOWXUHOOH0DUNLHUWKHLWYRQ,QWHUDNWLRQ.............................................................   27

6FKZHLJHQLPLQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ6SUDFKNRQWDNW±VFKZHLJHQGH.XOWXUHQ"   29

4.  Interaktion im japanischen FSU Beobachtungen  32

  ,QWHUDNWLRQVJHVFKHKHQ )UDJH QWZRUW 9HUKDOWHQ  32

'HUMDSDQLVFKH)UHPGVSUDFKHQOHUQHU   34

'HUMDSDQLVFKH)UHPGVSUDFKHQOHKUHU   36

5.  Kulturelle Markiertheit von Interaktion im japanischen DaF-  

Unterricht  Einflussfaktoren auf das Rede- und Schweigeverhalten  39

6R]LRSV\FKRORJLVFKHXQGVR]LRNXOWXUHOOH(LQIOXVVIDNWRUHQ   39

5.1.1.  Das Verständnis von Harmonie in der japanischen Kultur  40

  Ä'RQ WGRWKH)7 6FKZHLJHQXPGDV HVLFKW XZDKUHQµ  42

5.1.3.  Ä7KHQDLOWKDWVWLFNVXSJHWVSRXQGHGGRZQ - Gruppenharmonie  45

5.1.4.  Gehorsam und Disziplin sind unerlässlich Hierarchie in Japan  47

'LHÃ]ZHL*HVLFKWHUµGHU-DSDQHU   50

5.1.6.  Die Rolle der non-verbalen Kommunikation in Japan  52

  /LQJXLVWLVFKH)DNWRUHQ  54

5.2.1.  Verständigungsprobleme aufgrund unzureichender Sprachfertigkeit  54

2

5.2.2.  Die Rolle der schriftlichen Kommunikation  55

RJQLWLYH  )DNWRUHQ  58

XP6WHOOHQZHUWYRQ  Ã:LVVHQµLQ-DSDQ  58

5.3.2.  Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit kognitive Verarbeitungszeit  59

5.3.3.  Normen für die Angemessenheit von Gesprächsbeiträgen  61

'HU(LQIOXVVYRQ/HKUXQG/HUQWUDGLWLRQHQ   63

5.4.1.  Schulische Sozialisation /HLVWXQJVGUXFNXQGÃ3U IXQJVK OOHµ  63

5.4.2.  Stellenwert und Anforderungen eines (Deutsch-)Studiums  65

5.4.3.  Einfluss der Lehrerausbildung auf Interaktionsprobleme im Unterricht  69

6.  Kritische Betrachtung und Erkenntnisinteresse  71

  ÄgVWOLFKH XQGÄZHVWOLFKH.XOWXUHQ XOWXUYHUJOHLFK6LQQRGHU8QVLQQ"  71

RQVHTXHQ  HQI UGHQ'D)8QWHUULFKWLQ-DSDQ  73

6.2.1.  Veränderungen und Perspektiven des Deutschunterrichts in Japan  74

6.2.2.  Anforderungen für deutsche Lehrkräfte  75

6.2.3.  Didaktische Implikationen und Strategien  77

7.  Schlusswort  82

8.  Bibliographie.  85

3

Liste der verwendeten Abkürzungen

'D)±'HXWVFKDOV)UHPGVSUDFKH

)68±)UHPGVSUDFKHQXQWHUULFKW

)7$±)DFH7KUHDWHQLQJ$FW

*h0±*UDPPDWLNEHUVHW]XQJVPHWKRGH

Abbildungen und Tabellen

Abbildung 1: 7\SHQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKHQ,QWHUDNWLRQ Abbildung 2: )UHPGVSUDFKHQXQWHUULFKWDOV)DNWRUHQNRPSOH[ Abbildung 3: (LQIOXVVIDNWRUHQDXIGDV6FKZHLJHQLPLQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ.ODVVHQ]LPPHU QDFK1DNDQH

Abbildung 4: )7$±6WUDWHJLHQQDFK%URZQ/HYLQVRQ

Tabelle 1:,QWHUDNWLRQVW\SHQLQ%H]XJDXI/HUQHULQLWLLHUXQJ Tabelle 2:0HUNPDOHGHV,QWHUDNWLRQVYHUKDOWHQVYRQÃORZFRQWH[W" XQGÃKLJKFRQWH[W" .XOWXUHQ

4

1. Einleitung

Ä>«@,FKVWHOOHHLQH)UDJHVFKDXHLQGLH5XQGH=ZDQ]LJ6WXGHQWHQNHLQH$QWZRUW ,FK ZLHGHUKROH GLH )UDJH .HLQH 5HDNWLRQ 1LHPDQG KHEW GLH +DQG 1LHPDQG DQWZRUWHW $XI NHLQHP *HVLFKW VSLHJHOW VLFK 9HUVWHKHQ ZLGHU ,FK ZLHGHUKROH GLH )UDJH,FKPRGLIL]LHUHGLH)UDJH>«@8QGVRVWHKHLFKGDYRUQYRUGHU7DIHOKDEH 6WXGHQWHQYRUPLUGHUHQ*HVLFKWHUGHUHQ.|USHUNHLQ6LJQDOJHEHQ6LHVLW]HQVWLOO VLHVFKZDW]HQQLFKWVLHVHKHQPLFKDQVLH]HLJHQNHLQH/DQJHZHLOHNHLQ,QWHUHVVH NHLQH)UHXGHNHLQHQbUJHU2GHUYLHOOHLFKW]HLJHQVLHHVGRFK1XUNDQQLFKDQLKUHU VWLOOHQ $UW GHU .RPPXQLNDWLRQ QLFKW WHLOQHKPHQ ,FK ZHL‰ HV QLFKW ELQ UDWORV HUVFK|SIWPXWORVJHKHDXVGHP8QWHUULFKWXQGEHJLQQHDQPLU]X]ZHLIHOQ>«@Š

+2)0$1

,Q GLHVHP =LWDW EHVFKUHLEW *HUOLQGH +RIPDQ GLH /HUQHU ZLH VLH GLHVH ZlKUHQG LKUHU /HNWRUHQWlWLJNHLW DQ HLQHU MDSDQLVFKHQ 8QLYHUVLWlW ZDKUJHQRPPHQ KDW 'LH 6FKZHLJVDPNHLWXQGDOOJHPHLQH3DVVLYLWlWGHU6WXGHQWHQOlVVWYLHOHPXWWHUVSUDFKOLFKH /HKUHQGH KlXILJ DQ LKUHQ HLJHQHQ )lKLJNHLWHQ ]ZHLIHOQ (QWWlXVFKXQJ 5HVLJQDWLRQ XQG )UXVWUDWLRQ VLQG GLH )ROJHQ ,P +LQEOLFN DXI GHQ 8QWHUULFKWVDEODXI XQG GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ LVW GLH GHXWVFKH /HKUNUDIW YRQ HLJHQNXOWXUHOOHQ (UIDKUXQJHQ XQG GHU $XVELOGXQJ LP +HUNXQIWVODQG JHSUlJW 6LH HUZDUWHW GHP]XIROJH LQWHUHVVLHUWH XQG DXIPHUNVDPH/HUQHUGLHVLFKGXUFK0HOGHQUHJHDP8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQEHWHLOLJHQ

%HLP(UVWNRQWDNWPLWMDSDQLVFKHQ/HUQHUQIlOOWDXIGDVVKLHUGDV*HJHQWHLOGHU)DOO]X VHLQVFKHLQW'DVQHJDWLYNRQQRWLHUWH%LOGGHVYHUPHLQWOLFKDSDWKLVFKHQGHVLQWHUHVVLHUW ZLUNHQGHQ XQG VFKZHLJHQGHQ 6WXGHQWHQ LVW DOOJHJHQZlUWLJ LQ GHQ .|SIHQ GHXWVFKHU 8QWHUULFKWHQGHU .RPPXQLNDWLYGLGDNWLVFKH 8QWHUULFKWVPHWKRGHQ GLH KLHU]XODQGH YHUPLWWHOW ZHUGHQ VLQG LP MDSDQLVFKHQ 'HXWVFKXQWHUULFKW LQ GHU )RUP KlXILJ QLFKW SUREOHPORVDQZHQGEDU

-DSDQLVFKH ,QWHUDNWLRQVIRUPHQ XQWHUVFKHLGHQ VLFK HUKHEOLFK YRQ GHQ HXURSlLVFKHQ.RQYHQWLRQHQYJO%2(&.0$11(VZLUGVRJDUGLH%HKDXSWXQJ DXIJHVWHOOW GDVV GHU 7HUPLQXV ,QWHUDNWLRQ ZLH ZLU LKQ LQ (XURSD YHUVWHKHQ LQ -DSDQ JDUQLFKWH[LVWLHUWYJO/2&$6752:DUXPJHVWDOWHWVLFKGLH.RPPXQLNDWLRQ ]ZLVFKHQGHXWVFKHQ/HKUHUQXQGMDSDQLVFKHQ/HUQHUQDOV GHUDUWNRPSOL]LHUW"(V OLHJW GLH9HUPXWXQJQDKHGDVVNXOWXUHOOGLIIHULHUHQGH,QWHUDNWLRQVQRUPHQDXVVFKODJJHEHQG

=LHOGLHVHU$UEHLWLVWGLH%HWUDFKWXQJGHVMDSDQLVFKHQ,QWHUDNWLRQVYHUKDOWHQVLP XQLYHUVLWlUHQ'HXWVFKXQWHUULFKWLP+LQEOLFNDXIGHVVHQNXOWXUHOOH0DUNLHUWKHLW,QZLHIHUQ N|QQHQ IU GLHVH YRQ GHXWVFKHQ .RQYHQWLRQHQ HQRUP DEZHLFKHQGHQ 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ NXOWXUHOOH %HVRQGHUKHLWHQ YHUDQWZRUWOLFK JHPDFKW ZHUGHQ" =LHO LVW

5

HV DP (QGH HLQ GLGDNWLVFKPHWKRGLVFKHV (UNHQQWQLVLQWHUHVVH IU PXWWHUVSUDFKOLFKH 'D)/HKUHQGHLQ-DSDQ]XJHZLQQHQ

1DFKIROJHQG VROO GHU $XIEDX GHU $UEHLW NXU] VNL]]LHUW ZHUGHQ =XQlFKVW ILQGHW HLQH $QQlKHUXQJ DQ GHQ 7HUPLQXV ,QWHUDNWLRQ LP =XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW )68 VWDWW $QVFKOLH‰HQG ZLUG GDV 3KlQRPHQ GHV 6FKZHLJHQV VRZRKO EHJULIIOLFK DOV DXFK LP .RQWH[W GHV 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQV QlKHU EHWUDFKWHW %HL GHU %HVFKlIWLJXQJ PLW 6SUDFKXQWHUULFKW VSLHOW GHU .XOWXUIDNWRU LPPHU DXFK HLQH ZLFKWLJH 5ROOH YJO (‰(5 %$5.2:6.,(‰(5 %$5.2:6., DE XD ,Q GHU LQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ %HJHJQXQJVVLWXDWLRQ ]ZLVFKHQ /HKUHQGHQ GHU =LHOVSUDFKH XQG /HUQHQGHQ GHU $XVJDQJVNXOWXU NRPPW HV YLHOIDFK ]X 0LVVYHUVWlQGQLVVHQ DXIJUXQG NXOWXUHOOHU 8QWHUVFKLHGH 'LHVEH]JOLFK VROO GHU %HJULII ,QWHUDNWLRQ LQ HLQHQ NXOWXUHOOHQ *HVDPW]XVDPPHQKDQJ JHEUDFKW ZHUGHQ LQGHP HLQH $XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJ PLW HLQHP DQJHPHVVHQ .XOWXUEHJULII LP 6LQQH GHV )68 VWDWWILQGHW $XIJUXQG GHU ([LVWHQ] YRQ NXOWXUEHGLQJWHQ 'LIIHUHQ]HQ ZHUGHQ YHUVFKLHGHQH $QVlW]H KLQVLFKWOLFK GHU 2SHUDWLRQDOLVLHUEDUNHLW GHV .XOWXUIDNWRUV YRUJHVWHOOW 'LH )UDJH LQZLHIHUQ HV P|JOLFK LVW 8QWHUVFKLHGH LQ 'HQN XQG 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ ]ZLVFKHQ GHQ .XOWXUHQ VLFKWEDU ]X PDFKHQVROOKLHUEHDQWZRUWHWZHUGHQ+LQVLFKWOLFKGHV)68GDUIGLHNXOWXUHOOH+HUNXQIW GHU /HKUHQGHQ XQG /HUQHQGHQ QLFKW XQEHUFNVLFKWLJW EOHLEHQ 'HU 6R]LDOLVDWLRQVKLQWHUJUXQG XQG GHVVHQ (LQIOXVV DXI GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ LQ LQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ %HJHJQXQJVVLWXDWLRQHQ VWHOOHQ GDUDXIKLQ HLQHQ ZHLWHUHQ ZLFKWLJHQ 8QWHUVXFKXQJVJHJHQVWDQGGDU

,P $QVFKOXVV DQ GLHVH WKHRUHWLVFKHQ *UXQGODJHQ YRQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ XQG .XOWXU IROJW GHU SUDNWLVFKH 7HLO GHU $UEHLW =LHO GLHVHV $EVFKQLWWV LVW GLH %HVFKUHLEXQJ GHV NRQNUHWHQ OHGLJOLFK YRQ DX‰HQ ZDKUQHKPEDUHQ 9HUKDOWHQV GHU MDSDQLVFKHQ 8QWHUULFKWVLQWHUDNWLRQDXIGHU%DVLVYHUVFKLHGHQHU(UIDKUXQJVEHULFKWHGHXWVFKHU'D) /HKUNUlIWH LQ -DSDQ 'LH EHREDFKWHWHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVPHUNPDOH ZHUGHQ LP GDUDXIIROJHQGHQ 7HLO DXI GLH WLHIHQVWUXNWXUHOOHQ YRQ DX‰HQ QLFKW ZDKUQHKPEDUHQ NXOWXUHOOHQ 8UVDFKHQ KLQ XQWHUVXFKW 9RQ ,QWHUHVVH VLQG KLHUEHL VR]LRSV\FKRORJLVFKH VR]LRNXOWXUHOOHOLQJXLVWLVFKHXQGNRJQLWLYH)DNWRUHQ:HLWHUKLQZLUGGDV$XJHQPHUNDXI GDVMDSDQLVFKH%LOGXQJVV\VWHPVRZLHGLHGDGXUFKEHGLQJWHQ/HKUXQG/HUQWUDGLWLRQHQ JHULFKWHW XQG GHUHQ 5HOHYDQ] IU GLH (UZDUWXQJVKDOWXQJHQ GHU 6WXGHQWHQ DQ GHQ $EODXI GHV )68 JHSUIW 'DV OHW]WH .DSLWHO ZLGPHW VLFK GHQ JHZRQQHQHQ (UNHQQWQLVVLQWHUHVVHQ EH]JOLFK GHU 4XDOLILNDWLRQHQ XQG $QIRUGHUXQJHQ GHXWVFKHU /HKUNUlIWH 'LH $XIJDEH EHVWHKW ]XQlFKVW GDULQ GLH (UJHEQLVVH LP SUDNWLVFKHQ 7HLO NULWLVFK ]X KLQWHUIUDJHQ =X %HJLQQ ZHUGHQ .XOWXU YHUJOHLFKHQGH $QVlW]H PLW GHUHQ 'LFKRWRPLH]ZLVFKHQÃ|VWOLFKHQ" XQGÃZHVWOLFKHQ" .XOWXUNUHLVHQGLVNXWLHUW'HV:HLWHUHQ VROOHQ DXV GHP (UNHQQWQLVLQWHUHVVH GHU NXOWXUHOOHQ 0DUNLHUWKHLW GHV ,QWHUDNWLRQVYHUKDOWHQV .RQVHTXHQ]HQ IU GHQ 'D)8QWHUULFKW LQVEHVRQGHUH IU

6

PXWWHUVSUDFKOLFKH /HKUNUlIWH DEJHOHLWHW ZHUGHQ 9RU DOOHP GLH 9RUDXVVHW]XQJHQ XQG )ROJHQ IU GLH 8QWHUULFKWVJHVWDOWXQJ PXWWHUVSUDFKOLFKHU /HKUNUl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U MDSDQLVFKH /HUQHU DQJHPHVVHQHQ 6SUDFKXQWHUULFKW ]X JHZlKUOHLVWHQ

7

2. Interaktion im FSU

Ä>«@ 'LH 4XDOLWlW XQG GLH 1DWXU GHV )UHPGVSUDFKHQHUZHUEV LP 8QWHUULFKW VLQG

('021621+286( -HGH )RUP GHV )68V LVW VRPLW ÃLQWHUDNWLY" XQG GHU 6SUDFKHUZHUENDQQIROJOLFKQLFKWÄ>«@RKQHVSUDFKOLFKHQXQGQLFKWVSUDFKOLFKHQ,QSXW XQG GHVVHQ 9HUDUEHLWXQJ LQQHUKDOEGXUFK LQWHUDNWLYH +DQGOXQJHQ >«@ VWDWWILQGHQŠ >«@ +(15,&,

,QGLHVHP.DSLWHOZLUG]XQlFKVWGHU%HJULII,QWHUDNWLRQLQ%H]XJDXIGHQ'D) 8QWHUULFKW GHILQLHUW XQG GLH YHUVFKLHGHQHQ 7\SHQ YRQ SlGDJRJLVFKHU ,QWHUDNWLRQ ZLH VLH DXVVFKOLH‰OLFK LP 8QWHUULFKW YHUWUHWHQ VLQG YRUJHVWHOOW 'HVZHLWHUHQ ZLUG DXI GLH )DNWRUHQ HLQJHJDQJHQ GLH GLH 8QWHUULFKWVLQWHUDNWLRQ EHHLQIOXVVHQ $P (QGH VROO HLQ NXU]HU %OLFN DXI GDV 3KlQRPHQ GHV 6FKZHLJHQV XQG GHVVHQ $XVZLUNXQJHQ DXI GLH .RPPXQLNDWLRQLP.ODVVHQ]LPPHUHUIROJHQ

2.1. Definition von Interaktion im Hinblick auf den FSU

'HU %HJULII ,QWHUDNWLRQ LVW YLHOVFKLFKWLJ XQG ZHLWOlXILJ XQG GDKHU YDULLHUHQG LQ VHLQHQ 'HILQLWLRQHQ ,Q GHU )DFKOLWHUDWXU ZLUG ,QWHUDNWLRQ ]XGHP QXU XQVFKDUI YRQ .RPPXQLNDWLRQ DEJHJUHQ]W ZREHL HUVWHUH DOV 2EHUEHJULII PLW ZHLWHU JHIDVVWHU %HGHXWXQJ LQWHUSUHWLHUW ZLUG 1DFK ('021621+286( LVW Ä>«@ ,QWHUDNWLRQ >«@ GLH ZHFKVHOVHLWLJH%HHLQIOXVVXQJYRQ,QGLYLGXHQRGHU*UXSSHQLQLKUHQ+DQGOXQJHQ>«@Š 'DEHL EHHLQIOXVVW Ä >«@ GLH +DQGOXQJ HLQHU 3HUVRQ $ >«@ 3HUVRQ % LQ LKUHU GDUDXIIROJHQGHQ +DQGOXQJ GHUHQ $XVZLUNXQJHQ ZLHGHUXP $ LQ LKUHQ ZHLWHUHQ +DQGOXQJHQEHHLQIOXVVHQ>«@Š 6R]LDOH,QWHUDNWLRQEH]LHKWVLFKGHPQDFK DXI PHQVFKOLFKHV +DQGHOQ GDV QLFKW LVROLHUW VWDWWILQGHW VRQGHUQ DOV 0LWHLQDQGHU +DQGHOQ LQ (UVFKHLQXQJ WULWW .RPPXQLNDWLRQ KLQJHJHQ QLPPW VWlUNHU %H]XJ DXI GLH VSUDFKOLFKH.RPSRQHQWHGHU,QWHUDNWLRQ('021621+286(.5800 %,(50$11 -HJOLFKHU 8QWHUULFKW DQ 6FKXOHQ XQG +RFKVFKXOHQ ZLUG GHPHQWVSUHFKHQGDOVHLQHYRQGHU,QVWLWXWLRQJHSUlJWH,QWHUDNWLRQVVLWXDWLRQPLWHLQHP EHVWLPPWHQ8QWHUULFKWVWKHPDLQWHUSUHWLHUWZREHLGLH%HWHLOLJWHQPLWHLQDQGHUVSUHFKHQ XQG KDQGHOQ VSULFK LQWHUDJLHUHQ YJO .$7685$ ('021621+286( EHVFKUlQNHQ VLFK GDEHL LQ LKUHU 'HILQLWLRQ YRQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ OHGLJOLFK DXI GDV EOR‰H ÃLQWHUDNWLYH" 6SUDFKKDQGHOQZDVDEHUQLFKWDXVUHLFKWXPGLHVHQ$VSHNWLQ9HUELQGXQJ PLW )68 KLQUHLFKHQG ]X GLVNXWLHUHQ &+5,67 6SUDFKXQWHUULFKW LVW HLQ Ä>«@ VHKUNRPSOH[HVXQGPHKUGLPHQVLRQDOHV*HVFKHKHQGDVGXUFKYHUVFKLHGHQHVR]LDOH JHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKH ELOGXQJVSROLWLVFKH 5DKPHQEHGLQJXQJHQ EHVWLPPW LVW >«@Š +26+,, ,Q %H]XJ DXI GHQ )68 NDQQ ,QWHUNDWLRQ IROJOLFK QLFKW PHKU DOV %HJULII LP

8

HQJHUHQ 6LQQH JHVHKHQ ZHUGHQ VRQGHUQ PDQ VSULFKW QXQ YRQ GHU Dimension Interaktion YJO &+5,67 %g51(5 8QWHUULFKW LVW JHNHQQ]HLFKQHW GXUFK HLQ VSH]LILVFKHV ,QWHUDNWLRQVYHUKDOWHQ HLQGHXWLJH 5ROOHQYHUWHLOXQJHQ GHU ,QWHUDNWDQWHQ HLQH 5HLKH YRQ W\SLVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVIRUPHQ VRZLH EHVWLPPWHQ 5DKPHQEHGLQJXQJHQ GLH GLHVHQ HEHQVR EHHLQIOXVVHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ LVW JHUDGH LP )68 XQYHU]LFKWEDUZLHIROJHQGHV=LWDWYHUGHXWOLFKW

Ä'LH ,QWHUDNWLRQVK\SRWKHVH >«@ IKUW GHQ 6SUDFKHUZHUE DXI GDV $XVKDQGHOQ YRQ %HGHXWXQJ LQ QDWUOLFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQHQ ]XUFN GK GDVV 6SUDFKHUZHUE >«@ GDQQ

VWDWWILQGHW ZHQQ HV GHQ /HUQHQGHQ P|JOLFK LVW LQ GHU =LHOVSUDFKH HUIROJUHLFK ]X

LQWHUDJLHUHQ DOVR GHQ ,QSXW ]X YHUVWHKHQ XQG DQJHPHVVHQ GDUDXI ]X UHDJLHUHQ ,KU

OLHJW GLH $QQDKPH ]XJUXQGH GDVV 6SUDFKHUZHUE QXU LP .RQWH[W YRQ NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ(UHLJQLVVHQ,QWHUDNWLRQHQHUNOlUWZHUGHQNDQQŠ %2(&.0$11

1DFKIROJHQG ZLUG VSH]LHOO DXI GLH YLHU 7\SHQ GHU SlGDJRJLVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ GLH LQ GLHVHU )RUP QXU LP .ODVVHQ]LPPHU ]X ILQGHQ VLQG %H]XJ JHQRPPHQ $QVFKOLH‰HQG ZHUGHQ GLH )DNWRUHQ EHVFKULHEHQ GHQHQ HLQ EHVRQGHUHU (LQIOXVV DXI GDV ,QWHUDNWLRQVJHVFKHKHQLP)68]XJHVFKULHEHQZLUG

2.2. Unterrichtliche vs. außerunterrichtliche Interaktion

6HLWGHUSUDJPDWLVFKHQ:HQGHGHUHUXQGHU-DKUHUFNWHGLH,QWHUDNWLRQLP)68 LPPHUPHKULQGHQ9RUGHUJUXQG=LHOZDUHVKHUDXV]XILQGHQLQZLHZHLWXQWHUULFKWOLFKH ,QWHUDNWLRQ PLW GHU WDWVlFKOLFKHQ LP =LHOVSUDFKHQODQG EHUHLQVWLPPW 0DQ JHODQJW ]X GHP (UJHEQLV GDVV VLFK GLH XQWHUULFKWVLQWHUQH .RPPXQLNDWLRQ PDVVLY YRQ GHU DX‰HUXQWHUULFKWOLFKHQ XQWHUVFKHLGHW ('021621+286( .5800 $OOWlJOLFKH .RQYHUVDWLRQ JLOW DOV NRQWH[WXQVSH]LILVFK XQG ILQGHW LQ GHU 5HJHO VSRQWDQ XQGRKQHJUR‰DUWLJH9RUDXVSODQXQJVWDWW6RPLWVLQGDXFK9HUODXIXQG)ROJHQVFKZHU YRUKHUVHKEDU ,P *HJHQVDW] GD]X ZLUG GDV *HVSUlFK PHLVW GXUFK GLH /HKUSHUVRQ LQ HLQH EHVWLPPWH 5LFKWXQJ JHOHQNW 'LHVEH]JOLFK VLHKW 9$1 /,(5 GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ DOV VRJHQDQQWHV Ä.RQWLQJHQ]PDQDJHPHQWŠ DQ II 'HU %HJULII Ä.RQWLQJHQ]Š YHUHLQLJW ]ZHL ZLGHUVSUFKOLFKH %HGHXWXQJHQ Ä$EKlQJLJNHLWŠ EHL ÄJOHLFK]HLWLJHU 2IIHQKHLWŠ ,P +LQEOLFN DXI GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ LP .ODVVHQ]LPPHU EHGHXWHW GLHV GDVV HLQHUVHLWV GLH 5LFKWXQJ GHU *HVSUlFKH LP 8QWHUULFKW JHEXQGHQ LVW HWZD DQ 5HGHEHLWUlJH GHV /HKUHUV RGHU DQGHUHQ /HUQHUQ DQGHUHUVHLWV DEHU .RQYHUVDWLRQVYHUOlXIHRIW XQYRUKHUVDJEDU XQGRIIHQ VLQG YJO %2(&.$011

$XV|NRQRPLVFKHQ*UQGHQXQG]XUEHVVHUHQ/HVEDUNHLWZLUGLPZHLWHUHQ9HUODXIGHU$UEHLW DXI GLH 'LIIHUHQ]LHUXQJ ]ZLVFKHQ PDVNXOLQHQ XQG IHPLQLQHQ %HQHQQXQJHQ YRQ 3HUVRQHQ YHU]LFKWHW'LHPDVNXOLQH)RUPZLUGLPJHQHULVFKHQ6LQQHYHUZHQGHW

9

,P 8QWHUULFKW ZLUGGLH,QWHUDNWLRQ LQGHU 5HJHOIDVW DXVVFKOLH‰OLFKYRQ GHU /HKUSHUVRQ JHVWHXHUW XQG LQLWLLHUW 'LHVH YHUEDOH 'RPLQDQ] ZLUG ]XGHP YRQ GHU 7DWVDFKH XQWHUVWW]W GDVV āEHU DOOHU /HKUHUlX‰HUXQJHQ >«@ HLQH OHQNHQGH )XQNWLRQ >KDEHQ@ GHPJHJHQEHU VLQG IUHLH 6FKOHUlX‰HUXQJHQ XQG 6FKOHUIUDJHQ VHOWHQŠ .5800$OV8UVDFKHKLHUIUVLQGGLHÄ$PWVDXWRULWlWŠ XQGGLHÄ6DFKDXWRULWlWŠ GHV/HKUHQGHQVRZLH5DKPHQEHGLQJXQJHQDOVDXFKHLQHJHZLVVH/HUQHUHUZDUWXQJ]X QHQQHQ 'LH $PWVDXWRULWlW GHU /HKUSHUVRQ EHLQKDOWHW GDV 9HUJHEHQ YRQ 1RWHQ GDV %HVWLPPHQ GHU Ã6SLHOUHJHOQ" ZLH EVSZ GLH )HVWOHJXQJ YRQ %HJLQQ XQG (QGH GHU 6WXQGHXQGHEHQVR%HORKQXQJXQG%HVWUDIXQJ(LQHZLFKWLJH)XQNWLRQHLQHVGHUDUWLJ DXWRULWlUHQ 9HUKDOWHQV VLQG GLH :DKUXQJ YRQ 'LV]LSOLQ XQG GLH NODUH =XRUGQXQJ YRQ 9HUDQWZRUWXQJ%HVRQGHUVEHLJUR‰HQ/HUQHUJUXSSHQLVWGLHVHU$VSHNWYRQ9RUWHLO 'LH VSH]LILVFKH 6WUXNWXU GHU 8QWHUULFKWVNRPPXQLNDWLRQ HUNOlUW VLFK

GDUEHUKLQDXVJOHLFKIDOOVGXUFKGLH5ROOHGHV/HKUHUVDOVZLFKWLJVWH:LVVHQVTXHOOHXQG HLQ]LJHV 6SUDFKPRGHOO $XIJUXQG GHVVHQ LVW GHU /HUQHQGH QRFK VWlUNHU YRQ GHU /HKUNUDIW XQG GHUHQ .RUUHNWXU E]Z (YDOXLHUXQJ GHU OHUQHUVSUDFKOLFKHQ +DQGOXQJHQ DQJHZLHVHQ 'XUFK 5DKPHQEHGLQJXQJHQ ZLH 6LW]RUGQXQJ VRZLH YRUVWUXNWXULHUWH /HKUSOlQH XQG /HKUPDWHULDOLHQ ZLUG HEHQIDOOV GLH hEHUOHJHQKHLW GHU /HKUNUDIW LQ GHU .RPPXQLNDWLRQ EHJQVWLJW %H]JOLFK GHU /HUQHUZDUWXQJ LVW IHVW]XKDOWHQ GDVV GLHVH EHUHLWV YHULQQHUOLFKWHQ /HUQPRGHOOH GK VXEMHNWLYH 7KHRULHQ ZDV /HUQHQ DQEHODQJW EHVLW]HQ'LHDOOJHPHLQHQ$XIIDVVXQJHQYRQ6SUDFKHQOHUQHQLVWGXUFK%HOHKUXQJYLHO =XK|UHQ XQG %HZHUWXQJ GXUFK GLH /HKUHQGHQ DXI 5LFKWLJNHLW GHU %HLWUlJH GHU /HUQHQGHQJHSUlJWYJO.5800II

,Q HQJHP =XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW GHU 8QWHUULFKWVNRPPXQLNDWLRQ VWHKW GDV

VRJHQDQQWH GLGDNWLVFKH 3DUDGR[ YJO ('021621+286( Ä:LU ZROOHQ

('021621+286( 'D LP 8QWHUULFKW NHLQH UHDOH .RPPXQLNDWLRQ VWDWWILQGHW VRQGHUQ GLHVH OHGLJOLFK VLPXOLHUW RGHU DQKDQG YRQ 0HGLHQ ZLH /HKUEXFK RGHU +|UWH[W SUlVHQWLHUW ZLUG EOHLEW GLHVH LP 8QWHUULFKW YLHOIDFK NQVWOLFK 'LHVH .QVWOLFKNHLW GHU .RPPXQLNDWLRQ ZLUG GHV :HLWHUHQ EHGLQJW GXUFK IHVWJHOHJWH 5ROOHQ

I =XVDPPHQIDVVHQG LVW IHVW]XKDOWHQ GDVV VLFK GLH XQWHUULFKWOLFKH ,QWHUDNWLRQ PDVVLY YRQ GHU UHDOHQ DX‰HUXQWHUULFKWOLFKHQ XQWHUVFKHLGHW XQG DQ EHVWLPPWH 5ROOHQYHUWHLOXQJHQ VRZLH 5RXWLQHQ JHEXQGHQ LVW Ä)U /HKUHQGH XQG /HUQHQGH LVW GLHVH 6WUXNWXU YHUWUDXW XQG JLEW 6LFKHUKHLW ± $EZHLFKXQJHQ YHUXQVLFKHUQXQG ZHUGHQ GDKHUDXFKYRQGHQ/HUQHQGHQRIWDEJHOHKQWŠ .5800

10

2.3. Die vier Typen der pädagogischen Interaktion

,P .ODVVHQUDXP VLQG YHUVFKLHGHQH ,QWHUDNWLRQVPXVWHU ]X ILQGHQ, ZHOFKH GLH 9LHOVHLWLJNHLW VR]LDOHQ +DQGHOQV LP 8QWHUULFKW ]XP $XVGUXFN EULQJHQ 'LH IROJHQGH $EELOGXQJ VWHOOW GLH YLHU SlGDJRJLVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVIRUPHQ LQ %H]XJ DXI GLH $NWLYLWlW XQGGLH5HGHDQWHLOHGHU,QWHUDNWDQWHQ6FKOHUXQG/HKUHUGDU

Abbildung 1: Typen der pädagogischen Interaktion (nach VAN LIER 2001: 179)

9$1/,(5QHQQWYLHUSlGDJRJLVFKH,QWHUDNWLRQVW\SHQGLHHUQDFKGHP*UDGGHU/HKUHU XQG /HUQHUDNWLYLWlW EHVWLPPW (U XQWHUVFKHLGHW ]ZLVFKHQ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ GHQ ,5) )UDJHQ 7UDQVDNWLRQ XQG 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ 0LW GHP 7HUPLQXV GHU 7UDQVPLVVLRQ LP =HQWUXP GHV .UHLVHV EH]LHKW VLFK 9$1 /,(5 DXI GLH EOR‰H ,QIRUPDWLRQV E]Z :LVVHQVEHUPLWWOXQJGLHVLFKLQGHU5HJHOLQ)RUPHLQHVPRQRORJLVFKHQ9RUWUDJVGHU /HKUSHUVRQ lX‰HUW 'LH ,QWHUDNWLRQ ILQGHW KLHU GHPQDFK HLQVHLWLJ VWDWW ZREHL GLH /HUQHQGHQ OHGLJOLFK DOV SDVVLYH =XK|UHU IXQJLHUHQ XQG GLH /HKUSHUVRQ GDV 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ H[WHUQ XQG DXWRULWlU NRQWUROOLHUW YJO 9$1 /,(5 'LH 5HGHYHUWHLOXQJ ILQGHW GHPHQWVSUHFKHQG DV\PPHWULVFK ]XJXQVWHQ GHU /HKUNUDIW VWDWW %HVRQGHUVLP)URQWDOXQWHUULFKWLVWGLHVH$UWSlGDJRJLVFKHU,QWHUDNWLRQDQ]XWUHIIHQ'LH QlFKVWH (EHQH GLH GHU ,5))UDJHQ EH]LHKW GLH /HUQHQGHQ ]ZDU PHKU LQ GLH 8QWHUULFKWVLQWHUDNWLRQ HLQ GLH $V\PPHWULH GHU 6SUHFKDNWLYLWlW ]XJXQVWHQ GHV /HKUHUV EOHLEWMHGRFKEHVWHKHQ

11

)ROJHQGHU 'LDORJ ]ZLVFKHQ /HKUHU / XQG /HUQHU $ N|QQWH LQ MHGHU 8QWHUULFKWVVLWXDWLRQVRRGHUVRlKQOLFKYRUNRPPHQ

/:LHYLHOH3HUVRQHQVSUHFKHQKLHU"$ZLHYLHOH3HUVRQHQ"

$=ZHL3HUVRQHQ /-DGDVVWLPPW]ZHL3HUVRQHQ

,Q GLHVHP %HLVSLHO ZLUG GHU SURWRW\SLVFKH 'LDORJ GDUJHVWHOOW GHU FKDUDNWHULVWLVFK IU GDV 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ LVW 'LHVHU VRJHQDQQWH Ã,5)" $XVWDXVFKŠ ILQGHW DOV IROJHQGHU'UHLVFKULWWVWDWW

InitiationE]Z)UDJHGXUFKGLH/HKUSHUVRQ

Reaktion E]Z$QWZRUWGXUFKGLH/HUQHQGHQ Feedback E]Z%HZHUWXQJ5FNPHOGXQJGXUFKGLH/HKUSHUVRQ

YJO%2(&.0$11

'HPQDFKVWHOOWGHU,5)$XVWDXVFKHLQXQWHUULFKWVVSH]LILVFKHV3KlQRPHQGDUUHDOLVLHUW GXUFKYHUVFKLHGHQH)RUPHQGHV$XVIUDJHQVPLWPHKURGHUZHQLJHUNRPSOH[HU$NWLYLWlW GHU /HUQHQGHQ 'LH/HKUSHUVRQNRQWUROOLHUW GDV*HVSUlFK HVZLUGQLFKWQXU GXUFKVLH HU|IIQHW XQG EHHQGHW VRQGHUQ HEHQVR LQ HLQH EHVWLPPWH 5LFKWXQJ JHOHQNW ,Q GHU 5HJHONHQQWGHU/HKUHQGHEHUHLWVGLH$QWZRUWRGHUKDW]XPLQGHVWHLQH,GHHIUHLQHQ DQJHPHVVHQHQ %HLWUDJ LP .RSI YJO 9$1 /,(5 (LQHQ 9RUWHLO GLHVHU 0HWKRGHVWHOOW]%GHUORJLVFKH$XIEDXGHV*HVSUlFKVGDVGXUFKGHQ/HKUHUJHOHLWHW ZLUG XQG DXI GDV JHZQVFKWH /HUQ]LHO GHU 8QWHUULFKWVVWXQGH KLQIKUW GDU 'HV :HLWHUHQ ZHL‰ GHU 6FKOHU VRIRUW RE VHLQH $QWZRUW ULFKWLJ LVW RGHU QLFKW 'XUFK GDV $XIUXIHQ KDW GHU /HKUHU GDUEHUKLQDXV GLH 0|JOLFKNHLW GLH .RQYHUVDWLRQ ]X NRQWUROOLHUHQXQGHLQ$XVDUWHQLQ)RUPYRQÃ5HLQUXIHQ" XQG/lUP]XYHUKLQGHUQ9LHOH )RUVFKHU KLQJHJHQ NULWLVLHUHQ GLHVH $UW YRQ 8QWHUULFKW XQG ]HLJHQ 3UREOHPH E]Z 1DFKWHLOHDXI=XQlFKVWHLQPDOVLQGGLH6FKOHULQLKUHU$QWZRUWJHKHPPWGDVLHXQWHU GHP'UXFNVWHKHQLKU:LVVHQYRUGHQDQGHUHQSUHLV]XJHEHQXQGHLQH:HUWXQJGHVVHQ ]X HUKDOWHQ 'LHVH SlGDJRJLVFKH ,QWHUDNWLRQVIRUP LPSOL]LHUW GDUEHUKLQDXV HLQH $UW Ã3UIXQJVFKDUDNWHU" ZREHL EHVRQGHUV LP )68 GLH $QJVW YRU 0DQJHO DQ OLQJXLVWLVFKHU .RPSHWHQ] HEHQIDOOV HLQH 5ROOH VSLHOW 'XUFK GHQ $EVFKOXVV GHV *HVSUlFKV VHLWHQV GHU /HKUNUDIW ZLUG ]XGHP HLQ HYHQWXHOOHV Ã$EJOHLWHQ" VHLWHQV GHU 6FKOHU LQ LQWHUHVVDQWHUH 5LFKWXQJHQ YHUKLQGHUW /DXW 9$1 /,(5 NDQQ GHU ,5)$XVWDXVFK LP +LQEOLFN DXI GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ LP 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ OHGLJOLFK DOV HLQH $UW Ä*UXQGJHUVWŠ IU GLH ,QWHUDNWLRQ GLHQHQ VROOWH MHGRFK QLFKW DOV 0D[LPH GHV /HKUHQV JHOWHQGDKLHUNHLQH.RPPXQLNDWLRQVIlKLJNHLWJHI|UGHUWZLUGYJO%2(&.0$11E II%2(&.0$11II9$1/,(5II

'LH 7UDQVDNWLRQ LVW LP *HJHQVDW] ]X GHQ REHQ EHVFKULHEHQHQ EHLGHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVW\SHQ QLFKW DV\PPHWULVFK VRQGHUQ HV ILQGHW HLQ GLDORJLVFKHU ,QIRUPDWLRQVDXVWDXVFK PLW HLQHU DXVJHZRJHQHQ %HWHLOLJXQJ YRQ /HKUHU XQG /HUQHU

12

VWDWW *HVSUlFKVULFKWXQJ LQKDOW =HLWSODQ YRQ (UHLJQLVVHQ XVZ ZHUGHQ YRQ /HKUNUDIW XQG6FKOHUJHPHLQVFKDIWOLFKIHVWJHOHJW7\SLVFKH%HLVSLHOHIUGLHVHQ,QWHUDNWLRQVW\S VLQG *UXSSHQGLVNXVVLRQHQ *HVFKlIWVYHUKDQGOXQJHQ RGHU $XIJDEHQ ]XP ,QIRUPDWLRQVDXVWDXVFK 2EJOHLFK GLHV HLQ NRRSHUDWLYHV /HUQHQ LP .ODVVHQ]LPPHU PLW VLFKEULQJWXQG*HVSUlFKHNRQWLQJHQWXQGV\PPHWULVFKVLQGJLEWHVKlXILJHLQHH[WHUQ DXIHUOHJWH 6WUXNWXU XQG $JHQGD ZHOFKH GLH *UXSSHQPLWJOLHGHU RIW QLFKW YHUlQGHUQ

,P )DOOH GHU 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ JHKW GLH )KUXQJVSRVLWLRQ GHU /HKUNUDIW JlQ]OLFK YHUORUHQ 'LHVH $UW GHU ,QWHUDNWLRQ LVW QLFKW QXU V\PPHWULVFK XQG NRQWLQJHQW DXFK =HLWSODQ XQG /HKUSODQ N|QQHQ YRQ DOOHQ *UXSSHQPLWJOLHGHUQ QDFK %HGDUI JHlQGHUW ZHUGHQ 'DV 6FKHPD GHU YLHU SlGDJRJLVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVW\SHQ QDFK 9$1 /,(5 Ä>«@ YHUGHXWOLFKW GLH (QJH DV\PPHWULVFKHU QLFKWNRQWLQJHQWHU ,QWHUDNWLRQVIRUPHQ XQG GLH ]XQHKPHQGH )UHLKHLW GHU ,QWHUDNWLRQVSDUWQHU ]XU *HVWDOWXQJ MH PHKU VLFK GLH

)HVW]XKDOWHQLVWGDVV8QWHUULFKWMHGRFKLQGHQPHLVWHQ)lOOHQDV\PPHWULVFKGXUFKGLH /HKUNUDIWJHVWHXHUWLP6LQQHGHV,5)$XVWDXVFKHVVWDWWILQGHW

2.4. Einflussfaktoren auf die Interaktion im FSU

%HL GHU %HWUDFKWXQJ YRQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ XQG GHUHQ %HVRQGHUKHLWHQ LP 8QWHUULFKW PVVHQ DXFK GLH %HGLQJXQJHQ XQG LQ GHU NRQWH[WXHOOH 5DKPHQ PLW LQ %HWUDFKW JH]RJHQ ZHUGHQ(LQHQ(LQGUXFNZLHNRPSOH[GHU5DKPHQLVWLQGHPVLFK8QWHUULFKWDEVSLHOW YHUPLWWHOQ ('021621+286( DQKDQG HLQHV 0RGHOOHV GDV GHQ )68 DOV )DNWRUHQNRPSOH[ GDUVWHOOW 'DV 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ VWHKW KLHUEHL LP =HQWUXP GHU $XIPHUNVDPNHLWXQGZLUGXPJHEHQYRQ(LQIOXVVIDNWRUHQYJO('021621+286(

13

Abbildung 2: Faktorenmodell des Unterrichts (nach EDMONSON/HOUSE 2000: 25)

'HU8QWHUULFKWLVWHLQJHEHWWHWLQYLHUYHUVFKLHGHQH%HUHLFKHRGHU.RQWH[WHGLHVRZRKO XQWHUHLQDQGHU LQWHUDJLHUHQ DOV DXFK DXI GHQ 8QWHUULFKW XQG GLH,QWHUDNWLRQ HLQZLUNHQ 'HU/HKUXQG/HUQNRQWH[WE]ZGLH%HGLQJXQJHQXQWHUGHQHQGHU8QWHUULFKWVWDWWILQGHW VSLHOHQ HLQH 5ROOH ,Q%H]XJ DXI GLH.RPPXQLNDWLRQLP )68 VLQG ]% GLH*U|‰HGHV .XUVHVXQGGLH6LW]RUGQXQJYRQ%HGHXWXQJ%HLHLQHUJUR‰HQ$Q]DKO YRQ6WXGHQWHQ GHQHQ ZRP|JOLFKQXU (LQ]HOSOlW]H ]XU 9HUIJXQJ VWHKHQJHVWDOWHW VLFKHLQH HIIHNWLYH .RPPXQLNDWLRQVFKZLHULJXQG)URQWDOXQWHUULFKWZLUGEHJQVWLJW'DUEHUKLQDXV GUIHQ GLH LQGLYLGXHOOHQ SHUVRQHQEH]RJHQHQ 0HUNPDOH GHU DP 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ %HWHLOLJWHQQLFKWXQWHUVFKlW]WZHUGHQ'HPHQWVSUHFKHQGVLQGGLHELVKHULJHQ/HUQXQG /HKUHUIDKUXQJHQGLHNXOWXUHOOH+HUNXQIWGLH0RWLYDWLRQ]XP)UHPGVSUDFKHQOHUQHQXQG GLH .RPSHWHQ] LQ GHU )UHPGVSUDFKH YRQ ]HQWUDOHU %HGHXWXQJ (LQ /HUQHU GHVVHQ ELVKHULJHQ /HUQHUIDKUXQJHQ YRQ IURQWDOHP DXWRULWlUHP XQG SDVVLYHP 8QWHUULFKW JHSUlJW ZDUHQ ZLUG VLFK DQ GHU 8QWHUULFKWVNRPPXQLNDWLRQ HKHU ZHQLJHU LQLWLLHUHQG EHWHLOLJHQ XQG ZHQLJHU *HVSUlFKVEHLWUlJH OHLVWHQ 'HVZHLWHUHQ JHKW ('021621 DXI VR]LRSROLWLVFKH)DNWRUHQHLQ ZLHGHQ6WDWXVGHU)UHPGVSUDFKHLQGHU+HUNXQIWVNXOWXU

14

GHU/HUQHUGDV%LOGXQJVZHVHQVRZLHGLH%LOGXQJVLQVWLWXWLRQ $EVFKOLH‰HQGVHLHQKLHU QRFK GLH ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHQ %H]XJVGLV]LSOLQHQ ZLH 3V\FKRORJLH 6SUDFKOHKUIRUVFKXQJ HWFHUZlKQWGLHDXIGDV8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQVRZLHGLH,QWHUDNWLRQHEHQIDOOV(LQIOXVV KDEHQ =XVDPPHQIDVVHQG OlVVW VLFK IHVWVWHOOHQ GDVV ]DKOUHLFKH PLWHLQDQGHU LQWHUDJLHUHQGH )DNWRUHQ DXV GHP VR]LRNXOWXUHOOHQ VR]LRSV\FKRORJLVFKHP OLQJXLVWLVFKHQ NRJQLWLYHQ DOV DXFK VLWXDWLYHQ %HUHLFK GDV 8QWHUULFKWVJHVFKHKHQ QDFKKDOWLJ EHHLQIOXVVHQ 'HU QDFKIROJHQGH $EVFKQLWW ZLGPHW VLFK LQ GLHVHP =XVDPPHQKDQJ GHP (LQIOXVV XQG GHU %HGHXWXQJ GHV 6FKZHLJHQV GHU /HUQHQGHQ LQ GHU8QWHUULFKWVLQWHUDNWLRQ

2.5. Interaktion und Schweigen im Unterricht

(LQ 6]HQDULR GDV VLFK NHLQ )UHPGVSUDFKHQOHKUHU ZQVFKW LVW GDV 6WRFNHQ RGHU GHU Ã=XVDPPHQEUXFK" GHU ,QWHUDNWLRQ LP 8QWHUULFKWVYHUODXI 6FKZHLJHQ GDV YLHOIDFK DOV XQDQJHQHKP HPSIXQGHQ ZLUG YHUXQVLFKHUW GLH /HKUSHUVRQ XQG ]LHKW +DQGOXQJVNRQVHTXHQ]HQQDFKVLFK'HU)RNXVGLHVHU$UEHLWOLHJWDXIGHU,QWHUDNWLRQLP MDSDQLVFKHQ 'D)8QWHUULFKW XQWHU EHVRQGHUHU %HUFNVLFKWLJXQJ GHV 6FKZHLJHQV GHU %HWHLOLJWHQ $XV GLHVHP *UXQG LVW HV HUIRUGHUOLFK LP 9RUDXV HLQH 'HILQLWLRQ GHV %HJULIIHV6FKZHLJHQDQVLFK]XJHEHQXQGGLH5HOHYDQ]GHVVHQLP8QWHUULFKWVNRQWH[W ]XXQWHUVXFKHQ

2.5.1. Schweigen ± Begriffsbestimmung und Funktion

'LH XUVSUQJOLFKH %HGHXWXQJ YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ VWDPPW DXV GHP 0LWWHOKRFKGHXWVFKHQ swîgen XQG ODXWHW LQ HWZD ÄGLH 5HGH XQWHUEUHFKHQŠ E]Z ÄGLH 6WLPPH EHXJHQ XQWHUGUFNHQŠ YJO 0$5(. 'LHVHV )HKOHQ YRQ 6SUDFKH TXDVL GDV 1LFKW .RPPXQL]LHUHQZLUGLQGHU5HJHOQHJDWLYJHZHUWHWÄ6LOHQFHDVDEVHQFH±DVDEVHQFH RI VRXQG DQG WKHUHIRUH DV DEVHQFH RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQŠ 6&2//21 LQ 8/6$0(5 -HGRFK LVW HUVW LP :HFKVHOVSLHO YRQ 6SUDFKH XQG 6FKZHLJHQ .RPPXQLNDWLRQ EHUKDXSW P|JOLFK VLH EHGLQJHQ VLFK GHP]XIROJH JHJHQVHLWLJ YJO .$66(00$5(.(VH[LVWLHUHQYHUVFKLHGHQH)DNWRUHQGLH(LQIOXVV DXI GLH %HGHXWXQJ YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ LP .RQWDNW PLW DQGHUHQ 3HUVRQHQ EHVLW]HQ YJO 0$5(. 9RU DOOHP GLH GHQ 6SUHFKDNW EHJOHLWHQGHQ QRQYHUEDOHQ (OHPHQWH ZLH 0LPLN XQG *HVWLN IDOOHQ GDUXQWHU =XJOHLFK GDUI GHU VLWXDWLYH .RQWH[W LQ GHP 6FKZHLJHKDQGOXQJHQYROO]RJHQZHUGHQKLHUQLFKWIHKOHQ,QGHU.LUFKHRGHULP.ORVWHU EVSZ ZLUG HLQ DQGHUHV 5HGH XQG 6FKZHLJHYHUKDOWHQ YHUODQJW DOV DQ JDVWURQRPLVFKHQ2UWHQLQGHU6FKXOHRGHULP0XVHXP )ROJOLFKNDQQPDQDXFKYRQ HLQHU2UWVXQG,QVWLWXWLRQVJHEXQGHQKHLWYRQ6FKZHLJHQVSUHFKHQ0$5(.

15

'HVZHLWHUHQ H[LVWLHUHQ GUHL ZHVHQWOLFKH 6FKZHLJHSKDVHQ (UVWHQV GDV 6FKZHLJHQ LQQHUKDOEHLQHV5HGH]XJHVRGHUÃWXUQV" ZRGXUFKHLQ6SUHFKHUZHFKVHOHUP|JOLFKWZLUG ]ZHLWHQVDP(QGHHLQHV%HLWUDJVXQGGULWWHQVDQVWHOOHHLQHVHUZDUWHWHQ5HGHEHLWUDJHV YJO 0$5(. 1$.$1( 8/6$0(5 II 6FKZHLJHQ ZLUNW EHVRQGHUV XQDQJHQHKP EHL OlQJHUHP $QGDXHUQ XQG ]XP DQGHUHQ YRU DOOHP DQVWHOOH HLQHV HUZDUWHWHQ *HVSUlFKVEHLWUDJHV 8QWHUEULFKW HLQ *HVSUlFKVSDUWQHU LQ HLQHU .RPPXQLNDWLRQVVLWXDWLRQVHLQH5HGHKDWGLHVHV9HUKDOWHQ]XPHLVWHLQHQEHVWLPPWHQ *UXQGE]ZHLQH)XQNWLRQ'HQQDXFKZHQQGHU*HVSUlFKVSDUWQHUQLFKWVSULFKWKHL‰W GDVQLFKWDXWRPDWLVFKGDVVHUQLFKWDQGHU.RPPXQLNDWLRQWHLOQLPPWÄ0DQNDQQQLFKW QLFKW NRPPXQL]LHUHQŠ VR KDW HV :$7=/$:,. VFKRQ IRUPXOLHUW XQG IROJOLFK LVW DXFK 6FKZHLJHQQLFKWRKQH%HGHXWXQJ

Ä6LOHQFH LV QRW MXVW WKH DEVHQFH RI D VLJQLILFDQW SLHFH RI EHKDYLRU ,W LV QRW MXVW HPSWLQHVV 6LOHQFH FDQ KDYH D PHDQLQJ /LNH WKH ]HUR LQ PDWKHPDWLFV LW LV DQ DEVHQFHZLWKDIXQFWLRQ´ 67$1,(1'$

)HVW]XVWHOOHQ LVW ]XQlFKVW HLQ 8QWHUVFKLHG ]ZLVFKHQ GHP 6FKZHLJHQ GDV ]XU 6WUXNWXULHUXQJ YRQ .RPPXQLNDWLRQ XQG GHU 5HJXOLHUXQJ YRQ VR]LDOHQ %H]LHKXQJHQ GLHQW XQG 6FKZHLJHQ ZHOFKHV HLQH %HGHXWXQJ WUlJW XQG DOV ÄWXUQŠ RGHU 6SUHFKDNW VHOEVW LP 6LQQH HLQHU ,OORNXWLRQ EVSZ ]X YHUVWHKHQ LVW YJO 1$.$1( 'LH %HGHXWXQJ YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ GLIIHUHQ]LHUW 8/6$0(5 HWZD PLW :DW]ODZLFNV 0RGHOO GHV NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ +DQGHOQV (V ZLUG ]ZLVFKHQ HLQHP ,QKDOWV XQG HLQHP %H]LHKXQJVDVSHNWYRQ.RPPXQLNDWLRQGLIIHUHQ]LHUW

Ä6FKZHLJHQ VLWXLHUW LQQHUKDOE HLQHU 7KHRULH GHV NRPPXQLNDWLYHQ +DQGHOQV JLEW XQV GLH 0|JOLFKNHLW YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ DOV +DQGOXQJ ]X UHGHQ YRQ

Schweigehandlungen. (V VFKHLQW DQJHEUDFKW ]X XQWHUVFKHLGHQ ]ZLVFKHQ

5HVXOWDWHQ GLH (UJHEQLVVH YRQ +DQGOXQJHQ VLQG XQG 5HVXOWDWHQ GLH DXV QLFKW

LQWHQWLRQDOHQ(UJHEQLVVHQKHUUKUHQ6FKZHLJHQLVW]ZDU1LFKW5HGHQDEHUQLFKW1LFKW +DQGHOQ =,00(50$11LQ8/6$0(5

,Q GHU /LWHUDWXU ZLUG ]ZLVFKHQ HLQHU V\QWDNWLVFKHQ HLQHU VHPDQWLVFKHQ XQG HLQHU SUDJPDWLVFKHQ )XQNWLRQ YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ GLIIHUHQ]LHUW YJO .$66(0 ,Q =XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW GHU 6\QWD[ ZHLVW HLQ 6FKZHLJHQ ]ZLVFKHQ RGHU LQQHUKDOE HLQHV ÃWXUQV" HLQH VWUXNWXULHUHQGH XQG JOLHGHUQGH )XQNWLRQ IU GDV *HVSUlFK DXI LQGHP HV

67$1,(1'$ 'HU VHPDQWLVFKH $VSHNW YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ QLPPW %H]XJ DXI GLH EHUPLWWHOWH%HGHXWXQJ)UDJWHLQ/HKUHUQDFKGHQ+DXVDXIJDEHQHLQHV6FKOHUVXQG HVHQWVWHKWHLQ6FKZHLJHQN|QQWHGLH,OORNXWLRQODXWHQGDVVGLHVHUGLH$XIJDEHQLFKW HUOHGLJW KDW HV MHGRFK QLFKW ]XJHEHQ P|FKWH ,Q SUDJPDWLVFKHU +LQVLFKW EHVLW]W 6FKZHLJHQGDUEHUKLQDXVHLQHVR]LDOH)XQNWLRQLQGHPHVGLH5ROOHXQGGHQVR]LDOHQ

16

6WDWXV YRQ *HVSUlFKVSDUWQHUQ VRZLH GHUHQ 0DFKWYHUKlOWQLVVH GHILQLHUW YJO 1$.$1(

Ä>«@ VLOHQFH LV DQ LQIHULRUµV REOLJDWLRQ LQ RQH FRQWH[W DQG D VXSHULRUµV SULYLOHJH LQ DQRWKHU V\PEROLF RI D VXSHULRUµV GLJQLW\ LQ RQH LQVWDQFH DQG RI DQ LQIHULRUµV KXPLOLW\ LQDQRWKHU´ /(%5$LQ1$.$1(

,QGLHVHP$EVFKQLWWZXUGHHUVLFKWOLFKGDVV6FKZHLJHQLQ,QWHUDNWLRQVVLWXDWLRQHQQLFKW RKQH )XQNWLRQ LVW XQG LQWHQWLRQDO E]Z QLFKWLQWHQWLRQDO LQ (UVFKHLQXQJ WULWW 1DFKIROJHQG VROO DXI GLH 5HOHYDQ] YRQ 6FKZHLJHQ LQ GHU 8QWHUULFKWVVLWXDWLRQ %H]XJ JHQRPPHQZHUGHQ

2.5.2. Schweigen im Unterrichtskontext

,P .RQWH[W GHV 8QWHUULFKWV LQVEHVRQGHUH EHLP )UHPGVSUDFKHQHUZHUE VSLHOW 6FKZHLJHQHLQHJDQ]EHVRQGHUH5ROOH 'LHEHUHLWVHUZlKQWH$XWRULWlWGHV/HKUHQGHQ KLQVLFKWOLFK *HVSUlFKVIKUXQJ VRZLH .RQWUROOH GHV ,QWHUDNWLRQVJHVFKHKHQV EHJQVWLJHQ E]Z EHGLQJHQ GDV 6FKZHLJHQ GHU /HUQHQGHQ .RPPXQLNDWLRQ LP )URQWDOXQWHUULFKW EVSZ LVW YROONRPPHQ OHKUHU]HQWULHUW XQG MHJOLFKH ,QWHUDNWLRQHQ ZHUGHQYRQGHU/HKUNUDIWEHVWLPPWXQGJHOHLWHW.ULWLVFKZLUGHVZHQQMHPDQGGHUYRQ GHU /HKUNUDIW EHVWLPPW ZXUGH GLH $QWZRUW YHUZHLJHUW XQG VFKZHLJW ZRP|JOLFK RKQH HLQ1LFKW:LVVHQGHUHU]X]XJHEHQ'LHVHV9HUKDOWHQNRPPWHLQHP

Ä>«@ RIIHQHQ .RQIOLNW JOHLFK GD GDV 9HUZHLJHUQ HLQHU $QWZRUW GHQ DN]HSWLHUWHQ .RQYHUVDWLRQVPD[LPHQ ]XZLGHUOlXIW XQG VRPLW GLH NRQYHQWLRQDOLVLHUWH 0DFKWSRVLWLRQ GHU /HKUNUDIW ]HLWZHLVH VFKZlFKW E]Z LP VFKOLPPVWHQ )DOO >«@ GLH $XWRULWlW GHU

/HKUNUDIWY|OOLJDX‰HU.UDIWVHW]WŠ 67$1,(1'$

67$1,(1'$ XQWHUVFKHLGHW ZHLWHUKLQ ]ZLVFKHQ HLQHP RIIHQHQ XQG HLQHP YHUERUJHQHQ 6FKZHLJHQ9RQHUVWHUHPVSULFKWPDQZHQQNHLQHUOHL$QWZRUWRGHUHLQ0HOGHQVHLWHQV GHU 6FKOHU HUIROJW YJO 9HUERUJHQHV 6FKZHLJHQ LVW PLW topic RGHU form avoidance ]X HUNOlUHQ 'LH /HUQHU N|QQWHQ EVSZ YHUVFKOHLHUQ GDVV VLH GLH $QWZRUW QLFKWZLVVHQGDVLHLKU8QZLVVHQQLFKW]XJHEHQZROOHQ(LQHDQGHUH0|JOLFKNHLWZlUH GDVV VLH GLH $QWZRUW QLFKW EHDQWZRUWHQ ZROOHQ ZHLO GLHV HLQ 7DEX7KHPD GDUVWHOOW LKQHQ GLH $QWZRUW ]X SHLQOLFK LVW RGHU GLH )UDJH ]X EDQDO YJO 67$1,(1'$ 'HUDUWLJH9HUPHLGXQJVVWUDWHJLHQWUHWHQGHPQDFKQXUGDQQDXIZHQQGLH/HUQHUGXUFK HLQHQ $XIUXI GHU /HKUSHUVRQ JH]ZXQJHQ ZHUGHQ HLQH $QWZRUW ]X JHEHQ 2IIHQHV 6FKZHLJHQ KLQJHJHQ LVW |IWHU ]X EHREDFKWHQ XQG NDQQ DXV YHUVFKLHGHQHQ *UQGHQ DXIWUHWHQ(LQHUVHLWVNHQQWGHU6FKOHUGLH$QWZRUWDXIHLQH:LVVHQVIUDJHQLFKWZHLOHU YLHOOHLFKWGHQYRU]XEHUHLWHQGHQ7H[WQLFKWJHOHVHQRGHUGLH9RNDEHOQQLFKWJHOHUQWKDW

17

(EHQVR NDQQ HLQ 1LFKW9HUVWHKHQ GHU )UDJH LP )68 DXIJUXQG YRQ IHKOHQGHP :RUWVFKDW] HQWVWHKHQ $QGHUHUVHLWV LVW GHU 6FKZLHULJNHLWVJUDG GHU )UDJH YRQ %HGHXWXQJ YRU DOOHP VRIHUQ GLHVHU QLFKW GHP :LVVHQVVWDQG GHU 6FKOHU HQWVSULFKW 'DV *HJHQWHLO LVW GHU )DOO ZHQQ HV VLFK XP VHKU HLQIDFKH )UDJHQ PLW JHULQJHP NRJQLWLYHP$XIZDQGKDQGHOWXQGVLHGHQ6FKOHUQ]XÃOlFKHUOLFK" VLQGXQGHLQH$QWZRUW QLFKW ZHUW YJO 67$1,(1'$ (LQ OHW]WHU ZLFKWLJHU 3XQNW LVW HEHQVR GLH NRJQLWLYH 9HUDUEHLWXQJV]HLW GLH GHU 6FKOHU EUDXFKW XP HLQH $QWZRUW ]X IRUPXOLHUHQ +DQGHOWHVVLFK]XGHPQLFKWXPVHLQH0XWWHUVSUDFKHLVWGLHVH9HUDUEHLWXQJV]HLWQRFK DXVJHGHKQWHU 'LH /HUQHQGHQ EHQ|WLJHQ PHKU =HLW XP HLQH $QWZRUW QLFKW QXU DXI ,QKDOWVHEHQHVRQGHUQDXFKLP%HUHLFKGHU6\QWD[/H[LNXQG*UDPPDWLN]XSODQHQ

Ä:HQQ GLHVHU 9RUJDQJ MHGRFK ]X ODQJH GDXHUW NDQQ HV SDVVLHUHQ GDVV GLH /HKUNUDIW

GLHVH 3DXVH IlOVFKOLFKHUZHLVH DOV 6FKZHLJHQ XQG VRPLW DOV )HKOHQ GHU $QWZRUW

LQWHUSUHWLHUW XQG GDKHU EHJLQQW 0D‰QDKPHQ ]X HUJUHLIHQ GLH GLH 6FKOHULQQHQ ]XU

67$1,(1'$

1DFK GLHVHQ DOOJHPHLQHQ $VSHNWHQ EHL GHU %HWUDFKWXQJ YRQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ LQ 8QWHUULFKWVLWXDWLRQHQZLUGLPQDFKIROJHQGHQJU|‰HUHQ.DSLWHOGHUNXOWXUHOOH.RQWH[WPLW HLQEH]RJHQ

18

3. Interaktion im FSU im kulturellen Kontext

'HU LQWHUNXOWXUHOOH $VSHNW ZHOFKHU KHXW]XWDJH XQWUHQQEDU PLW GHU )UHPGVSUDFKHQGLGDNWLN YHUEXQGHQ LVW IKUW ]X ÄHLQHU GHXWOLFKHQ $XIZHUWXQJ GHV :RUWHVÃ.XOWXU"Š $/70$<(5 Ä>hEHUDOO LVW@ YRQ Ã.XOWXU" YRQ ÃNXOWXUVSH]LILVFKHQ" RGHU ÃNXOWXUEHGLQJWHQ" 9HUKDOWHQV XQG 'HQNPXVWHUQ YRQ ÃLQWHUNXOWXUHOOHP" ÃNXOWXUNRQWUDVWLYHP" RGHU ÃNXOWXUYHU JOHLFKHQGHP" 9RUJHKHQ YRQ GHU 'LDOHNWLN YRQ ÃHLJHQHU"XQG ÃIUHPGHU" .XOWXU YRQ

$/70$<(5HEG

(V LVW GHPQDFK VLQQYROO GHQ 'D)8QWHUULFKW EH]JOLFK GLHVHU $UEHLW LQVEHVRQGHUH LQ -DSDQ QLFKW LVROLHUW ]XEHWUDFKWHQ VRQGHUQ GLHVHQÄLP XPIDVVHQGHQ=XVDPPHQKDQJ XQG DOV $XVGUXFN YRQ .XOWXU ]X YHUVWHKHQŠ (+/,&+ LQ $/70$<(5 ,P IROJHQGHQ $EVFKQLWW ZLUG ]XQlFKVW YHUVXFKW GHQ %HJULII .XOWXU PLW EHVRQGHUHP $XJHQPHUNDXIGLH3UREOHPDWLNGHV)68V]XGHILQLHUHQ$XVJHKHQGGDYRQH[LVWLHUHQ YHUVFKLHGHQH NXOWXUNRQWUDVWLYH $QVlW]H GLH YHUVXFKHQ .XOWXUHQ DXI HLQHU PDNUR HLQHU PLNUR XQG HLQHU PHVRDQDO\WLVFKHQ (EHQH RSHUDWLRQDOLVLHUEDU XQG VRPLW YHUJOHLFKEDU]XPDFKHQ:HLWHUKLQVROODXIGHQ6R]LDOLVDWLRQVKLQWHUJUXQGGHU0LWJOLHGHU YRQ *HVHOOVFKDIWHQ XQG GHVVHQ (LQIOXVV DXI LKU 9HUKDOWHQ HLQJHJDQJHQ ZHUGHQ $EVFKOLH‰HQG ZLUG HLQ 6FKZHUSXQNW LP +LQEOLFN DXI GLH 5HOHYDQ] YRQ NRQNUHWHQ GDUDXVUHVXOWLHUHQGHQNXOWXUHOOGLYHUJHQWHQ,QWHUDNWLRQVNRQYHQWLRQHQLP)68VRZLHGHU %HVRQGHUKHLWYRQ6FKZHLJHQLPLQWHUNXOWXUHOOHQ.RQWH[WJHOHJW

3.1. Zur Diskussion eines angemessenen Kulturbegriffes für den FSU

'HUGLHVHU$UEHLW]XJUXQGHOLHJHQGH.XOWXUEHJULIIVLHKW.XOWXUDOVLQWHJUDOHQ%HVWDQGWHLO MHJOLFKHUPHQVFKOLFKHU,QWHUDNWLRQ Ä,Q ,QWHUDNWLRQHQ EHVWlWLJHQ SHUSHWXLHUHQ XQG YHUlQGHUQ ZLU NXOWXUHOOH 1RUPHQ:HUWH XQG 5HOHYDQ]HQ .XOWXU LVW VRPLW HLQ 7HLO GHV ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQVSUR]HVVHV XQG EHHLQIOXVVW GLH,QIHUHQ]HQGLHZLULQNRQNUHWHQ.RPPXQLNDWLRQVVLWXDWLRQHQ]LHKHQŠ YJO*h17+1(5

,Q GHQ OHW]WHQ ]ZHL -DKU]HKQWHQ KDW GHU .XOWXUEHJULII LQ 9HUELQGXQJ PLW GHP ,QWHUNXOWXUDOLWlWVSDUDGLJPD GHU 'D)6SUDFKOHKU XQG /HUQIRUVFKXQJ DQ %HGHXWXQJ JHZRQQHQ XQG DYDQFLHUWH ]X HLQHP 6FKOVVHOEHJULII GLHVHV )DFKHV YJO %$5.2:6.,(‰(5 ,P %HUHLFK GHV )68V LVW GHU .XOWXUIDNWRU HOHPHQWDUHU %HVWDQGWHLO XQG ZLUG HWZD GXUFK ZLGHUVSUFKOLFKHV /HUQYHUKDOWHQ RGHU GHU

19