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streben der 1991 gegründeten Welthandelsorganisation (WTO). Die im Vorfeld des zweiten Welt-

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der USA, in Folge dessen Importzölle auf ein historisches Hoch von bis zu 50 Prozent anstiegen,

wurden schrittweise abgebaut. Gleichermaßen wurden nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse im Zuge

der Gründung der WTO erstmals rechtliche Gegenmaßen entgegen gestellt.

1

Abbildung 1: Entwicklung der Direktinvestitionen, der Produktion und des Exportes seit 1970 - In-

dexdarstellung (Quelle: eigene Darstellung nach Daten von Schätzl 2000, S. 125 Tab. 3.21)

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2

2 Grundlegende Aspekte ausländischer Direktinvestitionen

2.1 Begriffsklärung

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JUHQ]WWZLUG)UUGLHH'HILQLWLRQQGHUUDXVOlQGLVFKHQ'LUHNWLQYHVWLWLRQHQQZLUGGGLHVHUU$QVDW]GD KLQJHKHQGG HUZHLWHUW GDVV GLHH ,QYHVWLWLRQQ EHUU HLQHH QDWLRQDOHH *UHQ]HH KLQZHJ JHWlWLJW ZLUG 'LFNHQ *HQHUHOO ZLUGG VLFK LQQ GHQ PHLVWHQQ )lOOHQ GHU $EJUHQ]XQJVYHUVXFKHH DXI GLH YRQQGHUU2UJDQLVDWLRQQIUUZLUWVFKDIWOLFKHH=XVDPPHQDUEHLWWXQGG(QWZLFNOXQJ2(&'XQGGGHV ,QWHUQDWLRQDOHQ:lKUXQJVIRQGVV,0)JHPHLQVDPHQWZLFNHOWHH.RQ]HSWLRQQGHVV%HJULIIHVVDXV OlQGLVFKHH'LUHNWLQYHVWLWLRQHQQEH]RJHQQ*DVW

„Foreign direct investment reflects the objective of obtaining a lasting interest by a resident entity in one economy […] in an entity resident in an economy other than that of the investor […]”2(&'6'DVHQWVFKHLGHQGH0HUNPDOOGHUU)',LVWWGDV$XVEHQQYRQQODQJIULV

WLJHPP(LQIOXVVV XQGGVRPLWW „[…] the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the enterprise and a significant degree of influence in the management of the enterprise”2(&'6I

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2.2 Hauptakteure - transnationale Unternehmen

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