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A Prairie Stage Companion - Current Structure And Development of Professional Theatre in the United States

Textbook, 2007, 184 Pages
Authors: Janek Liebetruth, Marco König
Subject: American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography

Details

Category: Textbook
Year: 2007
Pages: 184
Bibliography: ~ 155  Entries
Language: English
Archive No.: V120206
ISBN (E-book): 978-3-640-23701-2
ISBN (Book): 978-3-640-23885-9
File size: 29196 KB

Abstract

“In some ways it's a well-kept secret. People on the coasts don't seem to know that such a vibrant theater and arts scene exists in the Midwest.” This is how an anonymous survey participant described the unique quality of theatre in the Midwest, which illustrates the essence of this thesis paper. While the following work is focusing primarily on professional theatre in the Midwest, it also catches a glimpse on community theatre, especially in Montana, as their major form of theatre. In general, American theatre is often equated and centered with theatre that is produced and staged on Broadway in New York City. Yet, the American theatre scene is much more diverse and widespread than commonly believed. The common misconception about American theatre outside of New York is supported by the lack of literature about Midwest theatre. Information on Midwest theatre for instance is mostly covered in American theatre biographies, however, current studies on the variety and structure of contemporary Midwest theatre are rather rare to non-existent. Therefore, empirical and statistical research for this paper in form of field and Internet studies were essential. The structure of the paper in some way reflects the diversity of Midwest theatre and landscape, starting by defining the Midwest as a region, followed by a brief history of American theatre in general and its basic current structure. A description of all established theatre branches in the Midwest, case studies of exemplary theatre companies in Chicago, Minneapolis, Iowa, South Dakota and Montana, are preceded by individual perception on Midwest theatre by performing artists as well as audience members. “ I was surprised by the professionalism and wide variety of theatre opportunities for people in the Midwest region (Chicago areas especially) after being raised in New York, where "everyone who is anyone" should flock to for theatre experience. The Midwest and others regions offer a wide span of experience and opportunity for many aspiring talented theatre professionals and amateurs alike.” This exploration proves there is indeed a wide variety of theatre in the Midwest, ranging from highly professional companies, to highly motivated, quality amateur theatre, and that there is much more potential in creative energy and ambition than commonly believed.


Excerpt (computer-generated)

University of Potsdam
Department of British and American Studies

Master′s Thesis

Janek Liebetruth & Marco König

A Prairie Stage Companion
Current Structure And Development of
Professional Theatre in the United States Midwest

 


 

To Our Beloved Parents ­

For their support, devotion and belief in us.

 


Contents

Summary in German ... 5

Foreword ... 7

INTRODUCTION ... 10

CHAPTER 1: The Heartland ­ Great Lakes and Great Plains

1.1. The Appalachians, the Rockies and the Ohio River ­The Embedded Midwest
1.1.1. Finding A Definition ... 12
1.1.2. Frontier, Lewis & Clark and American-Indians ­ History of the Midwest ... 15
1.1.3. Pioneers, Farmers and Johnny Carson ­ Socio-cultural Development of Midwestern Communities ... 17

1.2. US State Repertory ­ Brief Introduction to the Sampled Regions
1.2.1. Illinois ­ Prairie State and Windy Cities ... 19
1.2.2. Minnesota ­ The Land Of 10,000 Lakes ... 19
1.2.3. Iowa ­ The Hawkeye State ... 20
1.2.4. South Dakota ­ Great Places. Great Faces ... 21
1.2.5. Montana ­ Big Sky Country ... 23

CHAPTER 2: Theatre in the United States ­ The Review

2.1. From Ban to Broadway - History of American Theatre
2.1.1. Hallam and Dunlap ­ The Colonial Years ... 25
2.1.2. Beginning Star-system, Melodrama and Frontier ... 30
2.1.3. Vaudeville and American Realism ... 33
2.1.4. The Rise of Commercial Broadway ... 40
2.1.5. Avant-garde vs. Big Business ­ Ascending Off-Broadway And Regional Theatre ... 48

2.2. Equity and LORT ­ Contemporary United States Theatre System ... 51
2.2.1. Money, Money, Money or Zero Balance ­ Commercial vs. Non-Profit Theatre ... 52
2.2.2. The Geographical Clash - Broadway vs. Regional ... 53
2.2.3. US and European Style - Repertory vs. Repertoire ... 54
2.2.4. Actors Unified and Unionized ­ The Actors′ Equity Association ... 55
2.2.5. Broadway, what? ­ The League of Resident Theatres ... 59

CHAPTER 3: Broadway. Regional. Community. Professional Theatre in the Midwest

3.1. Midwest Theatre ­ A Statement for Progress ... 60

3.2. Touring Companies and Regional Gemstones ­ The Different Kinds of Theatres in the Midwest ... 61
3.2.1. Make A Living From Performing - Professional Theatres ... 62
3.2.1.1. Avant-garde and Popular - The Regional Theatre ... 63
3.2.1.2. Musicals and Hit Plays ­ The Big Commercial Theatre ... 65
3.2.1.3. How I Learned To...Act - The Small Non-Profit Theatre Company ... 66
3.2.1.4. Broadway Road Trip ­ The Touring Company ... 70
3.2.1.5. Suddenly, Last ... Summer Stock Theatre ... 72
3.2.1.6. Theatre Non-Stop ­ Theatre Festivals (Fringe) ... 73
3.2.1.7. Off The Top One′s Head ­ Improvisational Theatre ... 75
3.2.1.8. Eating And Enjoying ­ Professional Dinner Theatre ... 75
3.2.2. After Work Yet Passionate ­ Non-professional Theatre ... 77
3.2.2.1. Community Theatre. From People for the People ... 78
3.2.2.2. Development of Community Theatre in the United States ... 82
3.2.3. Somewhere In Between ­ Educational Theatre ... 83

CHAPTER 4: Our Town ­ Case Studies

4.1. Performing The Loop. Theatre in the Windy City, Chicago, Illinois ... 88
4.1.1. House of Directors ­ The Goodman Theatre ... 91
4.1.2. House of Actors ­ The Steppenwolf Theatre ... 92
4.1.3. House of Improvisation ­ The Second City ... 94
4.1.4. Theatre in the Water Tower Water Works ­ The Lookingglass Theatre ... 95
4.1.5. "Dramatically Different" ­ About Face Theatre Company ... 97
4.1.6. "Theatre so close, it touches you" ­ Victory Gardens Theatre ... 98
4.1.7. Broadway in Chicago ... 100

4.2. Thank You, Mr. Guthrie. Performing Arts in the Twin Cities, Minnesota ... 102
4.2.1. And so it begins... - The Guthrie Theatre ... 104
4.2.2. "Time for Something New" ­ Theatre de la Jeune Lune ... 107
4.2.3. Ethnical Theatre ­ Mixed Blood, Penumbra, Theatre MU ... 108
4.2.4. "Fresh Art Delivered Daily" ­ The Minnesota Fringe Festival ... 112
4.2.5. Fitzgerald Theatre ­ Residence of the Prairie Home Companion ... 113
4.2.6. Orpheum, Pantages, State Theatre - Broadway in Minneapolis ... 115
4.2.7. "Love. Listen, Wonder, Excite" ­ Children′s Theatre Company ... 116
4.2.8. The Oldest and Largest of its Kind - Chanhassen Dinner Theatre ... 118
4.2.9. "Experience the Unforgettable" ­ History Theatre ... 119

4.3. Theatre in Iowa
4.3.1. Two Equity Houses ­ Both Alike in Dignity ... 120
4.3.2. New Ground, Repertory Theatre of Iowa, Theatre for a Change and Stage West ... 122
4.3.3. The Commercial One ­ Lamb Theatre ... 124
4.3.4. Festivals ­ Iowa Fringe and Pella Shakespeare ... 125
4.3.5. Quality in Community ­ Des Moines Playhouse and Actors Inc. ... 125

4.4. Theatre in South Dakota ... 126
4.4.1. Waterfalls and Prairie. Theatre in Sioux Falls, SD ... 127
4.4.1.1. The Washington Pavilion ... 127
4.4.1.2. Theatre For and By Strong Women ­ Ephemeral Productions ... 129
4.4.1.3. Shakespeare At the Falls ­ Bare Bodkins Theatre ... 130
4.4.1.4. "Pros Not Only for Kids" ­ The Children′s Theatre Company of Sioux Falls ... 132
4.4.2. Ah, Wilderness. Summer Stock Theatre in Custer, South Dakota 135

4.5. True West. Community Theatre in Montana ... 137
4.5.1. The Roots of Community Theatre in Western Montana ... 137
4.5.2. The Current State of Community Theatre in Butte ... 140
4.5.3. In Search of Issue-Oriented Community Theatre: Expedition to Helena ... 143

CHAPTER 5: The Lewis & Clarks Of The Performing Arts. A Survey on Theatre

Artists in the Midwest ... 146

CHAPTER 6: The Midwest Audience. An Impact Survey 155

CHAPTER 7: Conclusion - You Can Take It With You ... 162

APPENDIX

A) List of Theatres in the Sampled Regions ... 164
 

B) Works Cited
i) Print Sources ... 169
ii) Electronic Sources ... 170
iii) Pictures and Figures ... 176


Summary - Zusammenfassung

"Ich bin überzeugt, dass in einer großartigen Stadt, sogar in einer Kleinstadt oder einem Dorf, großartiges Theater ein äußerliches und sichtbares Zeichen einer verinnerlichten und glaubhaften Kultur ist."1 Das amerikanische Theater lebt nicht nur, wie weit verbreitet, in der glitzernden Welt zwischen Broadway, Off-Broadway und Off-Off-Broadway in New York City, sondern pulsiert vor allem im Herzen der USA. Der Mittlere Westen der Vereinigten Staaten ist mannigfaltig in seiner Geographie, Ökonomie und sozialem Umfeld. Neben endlosen Weiten, Farmen und Bergen existieren und wachsen amerikanische Metropolen wie Chicago, Minneapolis oder Detroit. So vielfältig wie dieser Teil Amerikas ist auch dessen Theaterlandschaft. Professionelles Schauspiel, sowie Amateurtheater sind gleichenteils anerkannt und beliebt.

Obwohl sich diese Magisterarbeit größtenteils mit Berufstheater beschäftigt, wird auch das Verhältnis zu nicht-professionellem Theater untersucht. Dabei fällt auf, dass das generelles Vorurteil vom ,Theatermekka New York,′ die Allgemeinheit lediglich durch dessen Glamour blendet. Diese Einseitigkeit wird unter anderem auch von der existierenden Literatur zum amerikanischen Theater widergespiegelt. Findet man eine Vielzahl von Nachschlagewerken und Sekundärliteratur über die Theaterszene in New York, vermisst man eine umfassende Darstellung zur zeitgenössischen Theaterkultur im Mittleren Westen. Somit stellt diese Arbeit eine Erforschung und ein Resümee über das Midwest Theatre dar, die es so vorher noch nicht gab.

Im Zuge dieser Magisterarbeit werden die Bundesstaaten Illinois, Minnesota, South Dakota, Iowa und Montana in besonderem Umfang bearbeitet. Diese repräsentieren stellvertretend die Vielfältigkeit des Mittleren Westens.

Durch Feldforschung konnten empirische und statistische Daten erhoben, analysiert und ausgewertet werden. Dazu dienten vor allem Internet-Befragungen die an Theaterkünstler und Zuschauer gerichtet waren. Zudem wurden in Montana und South Dakota Repräsentanten der hiesigen Theaterlandschaft interviewt.

Die große Tiefe an gesammelten Daten, Zahlen und Aufstellungen beschreibt nicht nur die Vielfältigkeit des Mittleren Westens sondern auch dessen Theater. So zeigt diese Arbeit, dass in den Metropolen Chicago und Minneapolis eine qualitativ hochwertige professionelle Theaterszene seit Jahren lebt und wächst. Schauspieler, Theatermacher und Personal hinter der Bühne benutzen seit langem diese Städte nicht mehr als reines Sprungbrett zum Broadway, sondern bauen ihre Karriere teils ganz bewusst dort auf. Dabei gelten Chicago und Minneapolis als zwei der einflussreichsten und fortschrittlichsten Theatermärkte in den Vereinigten Staaten. Es gedeiht dort unter anderem durch den konstant starken Rückhalt und Unterstützung durch des Publikum und die Gemeinde. Allerdings ändert sich die Theaterlandschaft je weiter westlich die Untersuchungen gehen. Gibt es in Iowa und South Dakota noch eine gewisse Ansammlung an lokalen professionellen Theatern, verringert sich die Anzahl in Montana auf Null. Es findet sich allerdings verschiedene Formen des Amateurtheaters. Community- und Universitätstheater kommen dort am häufigsten vor. Diese Arten des Theaters lebt von seiner Gemeinde in der Freiwillige das Theater produzieren, bewerben und spielen. Hierbei werden einfache Stücke aufgeführt, die meist nur von unterhaltenem Charakter sind.

Somit ist zu erkennen, dass das Theater des Mittleren Westens in seiner Form und Größe so vielfältig ist wie das Land selbst. Diese These versucht diese Arbeit aufzugreifen und kann somit als Leitfaden zur temporären Theaterlandschaft dieses Gebiets angesehen werden.


Foreword

The curtain falls the same way on Broadway as in a local theatre in Montana. The basic elements of producing a play are not influenced by the size of the theatre, audience or location. Yet, the American theatre is generally defined by Broadway standards.

After attending various plays in the supposed `Mecca′ of the American performing arts on the East Coast, I had the chance to meet a professional performer who had been in the theatrical business for many years. By giving away the path of his career, I was educated about the variety of the American theatre and more importantly its geographical range. Until I had this conversation, I was unaware of the existence of quality theatre beyond New York.

On a vacation trip to Butte, Montana, I decided to take the chance of visiting a non- professional play. The theatrical experience was different, but just as exciting. The theatre was small and old, the stage simple, the audience casual, the ticket price very low. However, the play was performed with great passion and intensity as if it was a professional Broadway production

I soon enough became a fan of the `smaller theatre′ outside of New York. When traveling through the Midwest and attending plays of all branches of theatre I decided to study the scene. This was difficult because I discovered that literature about theatre other than Broadway is rare and thin." In a pioneer sense of research, this paper is supposed to be understood as a guide through the wonderful theatrical scene of the American Midwest. I would like to thank the theatres supporting my research in Montana and John Cliff, the professional performer, who motivated me to go outside of Broadway.

Marco Koenig
Berlin, in March 2007


1 Sir Laurence Olivier


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