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Defective Pixel Correction of an IR-camera-module

Electrotechnology


Author

Andreas Blassnig
2 Texts

Excerpt

Category
Bachelor Thesis
Institution / College
Grade
1

Bachelor Thesis
Defective Pixel Correction of an
IR-camera-module
executed at
Carinthian Tech Institute
School of electronics
in cooperation with
Active Photonics AG
by
Andreas Blassnig
Villach, June 2009
Summary
Kurzfassung
Summary
This paper deals with the substitution of defective sensor pixels regarding an
Infrared Energy (IR) camera module.The work includes information about
the development of algorithms and the optimization regarding hardware usage
of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).Furthermore, the work outlines
the test of the algorithms with the aid of Matrix Laboratory (Matlab) and the
implementation in Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description
Language (VHDL).Simulations of the VHDL module conclude the work.
Keywords: Dead Pixel, FPGA, Infrared Sensor, VHDL
Kurzfassung
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Substitution defekter Sensor-Pixel, ein Infrarot-
Kamerasystem betreend.Neben der Entwicklung von Algorithmen, wird
auch auf deren Optimierung, den Hardware-Aufwand in einem FPGA betref-
fend, eingegangen.Weiters wird der Test der Algorithmen mithilfe von Matlab
vorgestellt und auf die VHDL-Implementierung eingegangen.Die Simulation
des VHDL Modules bildet den Abschluss der vorliegenden Arbeit.
Suchbegrie: Dead Pixel, FPGA, Infrarotsensor, VHDL
Bachelor Thesis
Andreas Blassnig
2
Contents
Contents
Contents
3
Preface
4
1 Task
6
2 Realization
8
2.1 Denition of defective Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
2.1.1 Types of defects concerning monolithic pyroelectric arrays 8
2.1.2 Types of defects concerning microbolometer technology .
9
2.2 Substitution algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
2.2.1 Single pixel substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.2 Cluster error correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.3 Row and column errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Tests with Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.1 Import of test pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.2 Correction and display of test pictures . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 VHDL programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.1 Entity declaration and data transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4.2 Memory management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.4.3 Implementation of algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.4.4 Simulation and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3 Conclusion
36
3.1 Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 Ou tlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figures
39
Listings
41
List of abbreviations
42
Bibliography
43
Bachelor Thesis
Andreas Blassnig
3
Preface
2.4 and gure 2.28 for the block diagram of the sensor emulator). Figure 0.2
illustrates the hardware which was worked with.
Figure 0.2: Hardware view of the camera module
The sensor construction, including the optics, can be seen in the image above
to the left. The data is analyzed and processed by using a XILINX Spartan3
XA3S1000 evaluation board, adapted for the application (see gure 0.2 to the
right).
Bachelor Thesis
Andreas Blassnig
5
CHAPTER 1. TASK
Dead elements, meaning defective sensor pixels, may interfere images remark-
able. In order to avoid these negative eects on the image quality, substi-
tution algorithms have to be designed. Infrared camera systems, valid for
microbolometer sensors as for pyroelectric sensors, suer from dead elements.
The avoidance of these impairments is an important issue for all imaging sys-
tems. The development of algorithms, in order to substitute degraded pixels,
is an important aair. An approach to a solution is the replacement of the
unwanted values with values derived from "good" pixels in the vicinity of the
"bad" ones (see section 2.2).
Figure 1.2: Infrared Image containing defective pixels
Figure 1.2 shows an IR image containing defective pixels. As can be seen, the
image quality is interfered by the dead elements.
Bachelor Thesis
Andreas Blassnig
7
Excerpt: 8 of 46 pages -  scroll top


Description

Title:
Defective Pixel Correction of an IR-camera-module
Event:
None
Author:
Andreas Blassnig
Year:
2009
Pages:
46
Archive No.:
V133913
ISBN (eBook):
978-3-640-41613-4
ISBN (Book):
978-3-640-41106-1
DOI:
10.3239/9783640416134
File size:
4781 KB
Language:
English

Tags:
Defective Pixel Correction IR-camera-module

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Andreas Blassnig, 2009, Defective Pixel Correction of an IR-camera-module, Munich, GRIN Publishing GmbH

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