Telling and Writing as Means of Liberation in The Color Purple

2

Contents

  Introduction  3

  Motivation for writing 3  

  Effect of writing 4  

  The letter as a literary vehicle 6  

  The function and effects of Nettie s letters  8

  The use of language Celie s dialect 10  

  The influence of Shug on Celie s development 12  

  Bibliography  16

3

Introduction

This essay is going to deal with telling and writing as a means of liberation in the novel The Color Purple. Liberation in this context means, of course, women’s liberation. The paper comprises the analysis of the protagonist’s motivation for writing, its effects on her and the significance of different dialects. Furthermore the effects of the literary form of the letter as means of articulation will be explained and also the influence of Shug and her feminist language on Celie.

Motivation for writing

Already at the opening of the novel a reason for Celie’s writing is given.:

You better not tell anybody but God. It’d kill your mammy. 1

Celie takes this warning literally. She is frightened of her father and therefore obeys. Another motivation for Celie’s writing we get to know from one of Nettie’s letters to Celie:

...I remember one time you said your life made you feel so ashamed you couldn’t even talk about it to God, you had to write it, bad as you thought your writing was. Well, now I know what you meant. 2

Celie feels guilty and ashamed, because of the alleged incest with her father. She is not allowed to tell anybody (certainly not her mother) but needs to articulate herself somehow to enable herself to cope with her situation. So Celie starts to write her letters to God, when at the age of 14 years her record of sorrow and pain begins. Celie loses her mother and later on also Nettie, her sister. From then on writing becomes even more significant, for it is also a substitute for the mother’s and sister’s missing love. 3

1 Walker, Alice; The Color Purple, London, 1992. (p. 3) 2 ebenda, p. 110 3 Fifer, Elizabeth; “The Dialect And Letters of The Color Purple” in: Rainwater C., Scheick, W:J. (eds.); Contemporary American Woman Writers, Lexington, 1985. (p. 156)

4

Effect of writing

The effect of writing on Celie is enormous. Celie’s whole development is possible only due to her act of writing.

When Celie starts writing, she merely reports what happened to her and others. She takes exterior experiences and transforms them into language. Writing things down makes it easier for her to accept and analyze them, even if they are unpleasant: 4

Harpo, I say, giving him a shake, Sofia love you. You love Sofia.

He look at me best he can out of his fat little eyes. Yes, ma’am? he say.

Mr._____ marry me to take care of his children. I marry him because my daddy made me. I don’t love Mr._____ and he don’t love me. 5

In the course of the novel Celie moves from mere reporting towards psychological analysis and, eventually, even to humour. 6 This change in her use of language reflects the

development in Celie’s character, as well. By learning to use language skilfully, she learns to use it as a powerful weapon that eventually serves to liberate her: Celie speaks herself free: 7

Celie is coming with us, say Shug.

Mr._____’s head swivel back straight. Say what? he ast. Celie is coming to Memphis with me.

Over my dead body, Mr._____ say....

4 Fifer, Elizabeth; “The Dialect And Letters of The Color Purple” in: Rainwater C., Scheick, W:J. (eds.); Contemporary American Woman Writers, Lexington, 1985. (p. 157) 5 Walker, Alice; The Color Purple, London, 1992. (p. 57)

6 Fifer, Elizabeth; “The Dialect And Letters of The Color Purple” in: Rainwater C., Scheick, W:J. (eds.); Contemporary American Woman Writers, Lexington, 1985. (p. 161) 7 Gates, Henry-Louis; The Signifying Monkey, Oxford, 1988. (p. 253)

5

....What wrong now?

You a lowdown dog is what’s wrong, I say. It’s time to leave you and enter into the Creation. And your dead body is just the welcome mat I need. Say what? he ast. Shock.

All around the table folkses mouths be dropping open..

...Mr._____ start to sputter. ButButButButBut. Sound like some kind of motor. 8

By this time Albert has already lost the power of word over Celie. When he tries to ridicule Celie‘s words she curses him:

He laugh. Who you think you is? he say. You can’t curse nobody. Look at you. You black, you pore, you ugly, you a woman. Goddam, he say, you nothing at all.

Until you do right by me, I say, everything you even dream about will fail. I give it to him straight, just like it come to me. And it seem to come to me from the trees....

....Shit, he say. I should have lock you up. Just let you out to work. The jail you plan for me is the one you will rot, I say 9 .

Finally, she powerfully announces herself to the world:

I’m pore, I’m black, I may be ugly and can’t cook, a voice say to everything listening. But I’m here. Amen, say Shug. Amen, amen. 10

By writing Celie entered the public world, by which she originally was denied by her position. She has gained a self-consciousness and strength of will that enable her to liberate her from the oppressions she was exposed to all her life. Her struggle to communicate has

8 Walker, Alice; The Color Purple, London, 1992. (p. 170) 9 ebenda, p. 176 10 ebenda, p. 176