A couple of months ago, I asked a fellow exchange student were he was from. "Canada" was his reply and after further questioning he told me that he was from Ottawa in the province of Ontario. A couple of days later, I asked another Canadian student the same question, and she replied "Quebec" in the first place, just mentioning her home province but not the country she was a citizen of; and, as it turned out, she did this intentionally.
How can we explain such a different self-perception of two residents of the same country? Why does it seem that for French-speaking residents of Quebec it is more important to be recognized as Quebecers than as Canadians? The Referendum 1995 has brought Quebec nationalism back in the headlines of the world press. Suddenly, we were aware of the existence of a separatist movements in the middle of a western liberal democracy and people were asking themselves if nationalism was not a product of nineteenth century Europe and if the nation-building process had not already ceased in the west. However, Quebec stands not alone as a minority in a western state seeking independence or more autonomy. Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Catalonia are some of the cases that received increased scientific interest in the last couple of years. With those regions in mind, we can say that we have witnessed the emergence of a 'new' nationalism that threatens post-industrialist nation-states that seemed to have finished their process of nation-building a long time ago.
This essay wants to answer the question of what kind of nationalism we can find in Quebec. I will begin with a historical overview, because history is one of the most important features the 'new nationalists' draw upon to legitimate their struggle for more autonomy. I shall then continue with a discussion of the social and economic changes in the province in the post-war years and during the Quiet Revolution. This will be followed by an analysis of the factors that shape and influence the ideology of the contemporary Quebecois independent movement. Then I will try to locate Quebec nationalism on the theoretical scale, using the two concepts of ethnic and civic nationalism. I shall conclude with an outlook on the future relations between Quebec and the federal Canadian state.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Introduction
- Historical Overview
- In 1534, Jacques Cartier was the first French explorer who conducted an expedition to today's Canada
- The next thirty years constituted a relatively peaceful period in which the population of New France grew to over 60000.
- The takeover by the British brought radical changes to this French Canadian society.
- In 1791, the British parliament passed the Constitutional Act which created the two provinces of Upper (Ontario) and Lower (Quebec) Canada and established representative assemblies in both provinces.
- The defeat of the radicals in the 1837-38 rebellion allowed the conservative and reformist forces to become the dominant players in politics and society.
- But it became apparent that the Union was not able to deal with the economic developments that occurred at the time.
- The post-war period and the Quiet Revolution
- However, the change in Quebec society was far from finalized.
- So the death of Duplessis in 1959 was more than a symbolic end of the era of traditional conservative nationalism.
- However, the above does not mean that the old conservatism in the tradition of Duplessis had been completely wiped out by the Quiet Revolution.
- In fact, the Union Nationale was able to gain power again in 1966 but there was no possibility for a return to the old ideology of the post-war years.
- Quebec nationalism: ethnic or civic?
- Future perspectives
- Bibliography
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte
Dieser Essay untersucht den Nationalismus in Quebec und analysiert seine Entwicklung im Kontext der Geschichte und der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Veränderungen der Provinz. Er stellt die Frage, welche Art von Nationalismus in Quebec vorherrscht und untersucht die Rolle von Sprache, wirtschaftlichen Interessen und der Identität der Quebecois.
- Die historische Entwicklung des Nationalismus in Quebec
- Die Rolle der Sprache in der Definition der Quebecois-Identität
- Die wirtschaftlichen Interessen als treibende Kraft des Nationalismus
- Die Entwicklung der Quebecois-Identität und die Abgrenzung vom kanadischen Nationalismus
- Die Einordnung des Quebec-Nationalismus in die theoretischen Kategorien des ethnischen und des zivilen Nationalismus
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel
Die Einleitung stellt die Frage nach der unterschiedlichen Selbstwahrnehmung französischsprachiger Bewohner Quebecos im Vergleich zu anderen Kanadiern. Sie stellt die These auf, dass die Quebecois sich stärker als Quebecer denn als Kanadier identifizieren und dass der Nationalismus in Quebec eine bedeutende Rolle spielt.
Der historische Überblick beginnt mit der Ankunft der Franzosen in Kanada im 16. Jahrhundert und verfolgt die Entwicklung der Kolonie bis zur Konföderation Kanadas im Jahr 1867. Er beschreibt die Konflikte mit den Engländern, die Annexion der Kolonie durch die Briten und die Entstehung einer französischen und einer englischen Gesellschaft in Quebec. Der Abschnitt beleuchtet die Rolle der katholischen Kirche und die Entwicklung von zwei Klassen: einer städtischen Elite und einer ländlichen Bauernschaft.
Die Nachkriegszeit und die Quiet Revolution stellen die Veränderungen in der Quebecois-Gesellschaft in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts dar. Der Abschnitt beschreibt die Dominanz der konservativen und ultramontanen Ideologie unter Maurice Duplessis und die Entstehung einer neuen, progressiven Nationalismusbewegung in der Quiet Revolution. Er analysiert die Rolle des Staates und die wirtschaftlichen Reformen, die zu einem Wandel in der Gesellschaft führten.
Der Abschnitt "Quebec-Nationalismus: ethnisch oder zivil?" untersucht die verschiedenen Facetten des Nationalismus in Quebec und analysiert die Rolle von Sprache, Wirtschaft und Identität. Er stellt die Frage, inwieweit der Quebecois-Nationalismus von ethnischen oder zivilen Merkmalen geprägt ist und welche Bedeutung Sprache und wirtschaftliche Interessen für die Entwicklung des Nationalismus haben.
Schlüsselwörter
Die Schlüsselwörter und Schwerpunktthemen des Textes umfassen den Nationalismus in Quebec, die Geschichte Quebecos, die Quiet Revolution, die französische Sprache, die Quebecois-Identität, der ethnische Nationalismus, der zivile Nationalismus und die Beziehung zwischen Quebec und Kanada. Der Text untersucht die Entwicklung des Nationalismus in Quebec und analysiert die verschiedenen Faktoren, die ihn beeinflussen.
- Quote paper
- Magister Artium Steffen Blatt (Author), 2000, Nationalism in Quebec, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/10043
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