Police Women’s face multi-faceted challenges to participate in decision making position due to different factors. The purpose of this study is to assess police women’s empowerment in Ethiopia with emphasis on Oromia regional state police commission. More specifically, it aimed to assess factors affecting police women’s empowerment to assume a leadership position. That is aimed to examine gender difference in decision making position. To this end, a sample of 160 police women respondents were drawn from the region’s police. In order to determine the sample size probability simple random sampling method was employed. Then next, self- administered questionnaires and interview guides were used to gather data. The data were fed into SPSS version 20.0 followed by analysis and interpretation using descriptive statistics.
Law enforcement and order maintenance are generally viewed as the two main duties of the police force. In addition to these two duties, the police are also frequently requested by the public to deliver social services. As one of the law enforcement statutory service teams, the police are expected to provide immediate aid and care to the public along with compulsory, regulatory, control, and defense practices. Provision of public services is one of the most significant roles of the contemporary police. Studies have shown that the police spend most of their time providing police services to the public. Based on the 2007 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) report in the United States, the primary function of one-fifth of the police agencies was search and rescue. Specifically, nearly 60 percent of police officers undertook animal control tasks, nearly one-sixth of police agencies were responsible for providing emergency and medical services and carry out civil defense functions, and about one-tenth of police agencies provided fire prevention services.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of the problem
1.3. Research Questions
1.4. Research Objectives
1.4.1. General objective
1.4.2. Specific objectives
1.5. Significance of the study
1.6. Scope of the Study
1.7. Limitation of the study
1.8. Operational definition of key terms
1.9. Organization of the study
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. General situation of women in Ethiopia
2.2. Empowerment
2.3. Police force
2.4. The Women and Leadership in Ethiopia
2.4.1. During Haile Selassie Regime
2.4.2. During the Dergue Regime
2.4.3. During the FDRE Regime
2.5. Factors that Affect Women’s Empowerment
2.5.1. Social or Cultural Factors
2.5.2. Organizational Culture Barriers
2.5.3. Gender Stereotype Factors
2.5.4. Work Place Policies
2.5.5. Discrimination in Appointments
2.5.6. The Subtle Barriers: The Role of Male Clubs
2.6. International, Regional and National Legal and Policy Frameworks for Women Empowerment
2.6.1. International Instruments
2.6.2. Regional Instruments
2.6.3. National Instruments:
2.6.4.Legal Framework:
2.7. The Conceptual Framework
Administrative level Factors
Discrimination in Appointments and promotion
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
3.2. Research approach
3.3. Research design
3.4. Study population
3.5. Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.5. Data type and Sources
3.6. Tools of Data Collection
3.7. Data collection procedure
3.8. Data quality assurance/Assumption
Reliability Test
3.9. Data Analysis
3.10. Research Ethics
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Profile of Respondents
4.3. Leadership positions mostly occupies by women police in Oromia police commission
4.4. Career Development
4.5. Factor for Low Participation of police Women in leadership Position in the Oromia police commission
4.6. The Major Problems Affecting Participation of police Women’s in the decision making Position of the Oromia police commission.
Lack of recommendation:
Lack of delegation:
4.7. The Impact of Gender Gap (difference) in Leadership
4.8. The Strategies to Increase police Women’s participation in decision making position and Contribution for the achievement of Oromia police commission Goal and objectives.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Conclusion
5.2. Recommendations
Study Objectives & Themes
The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the empowerment practices of police women within the Oromia regional state police commission in Ethiopia. It seeks to identify the institutional, social, and cultural barriers that hinder women from ascending to leadership and decision-making positions, ultimately investigating how gender gaps affect the organization's efficacy.
- Assessment of barriers to female leadership in the Oromia police force.
- Evaluation of the influence of gender differences on decision-making processes.
- Analysis of trends in women's empowerment and participation within the police structure.
- Examination of the effectiveness of existing organizational policies and recruitment practices.
- Recommendations for implementing affirmative action and capacity-building strategies.
Extract from the Book
2.5.1. Social or Cultural Factors
Wasis (1991) culture is that which surrounds us and plays a certain role in determining the way we behave at any given moment in time. By no means a static, concept defines culture and is both defined by events that are taking place both locally as well as regionally and internationally, it is shaped by individual events as well as collective ones, and it is a feature of the time or epoch we live in. Because it is so vast, culture is also often used as a tool to validate all manners of actions not, all of which may be acceptable to all concerned and are often intimately, connected to issues of identity. Cultural frameworks are not always imposed, but are open to manipulation and interpretation from many angles and sources.
According to Bernaars, (as cited in Mbugua, 2007) in any ethnic group in Africa a typical woman has low status particularly lack of power to make decisions on matters affecting her life and those of her family. This culturally determined expectation and attitude towards the girl child influences less allocation of resources towards the girl as compared to the boys. A boy was always be considered first before a girl. This gender biased cultural assumption and the subsequent differential treatment of boys and girls in a homestead not only diminish girls’ access and performance in the education but also tend to push girls to doing the so called ‘feminine careers’.
One of the earliest biological justifications for male superiority comes from Aristotle 5th century B.C (as cited in Amrot, 1998, p.7). He stated that the world is a hierarchy composed of ruling elements and women are “naturally” fit to the second. In his own words he described it as “The male is naturally fitter to command than the female and female and women benefit most by being subject to male royal authority”. It is mainly because during that time the inequality of men and women was a legally and socially accepted fact. Therefore, this simply shows his ideological difference from contemporary thinkers.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION: This chapter establishes the foundational context of the study, defining the research objectives, the problem statement regarding the underrepresentation of women in policing, and the scope of the study.
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW: This section examines the theoretical framework surrounding women's empowerment, gender stereotypes, organizational culture, and legal instruments relevant to the Ethiopian context.
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter outlines the descriptive research design, the sequential mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), data collection tools, and sampling techniques used to gather data from the Oromia police commission.
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION: This chapter presents the empirical findings from the survey and interviews, discussing the major barriers to female leadership such as educational gaps, recruitment practices, and socio-cultural attitudes.
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This final chapter synthesizes the findings into conclusions and offers actionable recommendations, such as the implementation of quota systems and affirmative action, to improve female participation in decision-making.
Keywords
Empowerment, Police Women Empowerment, Women Empowerment, Oromia Police Commission, Gender Gap, Leadership, Decision Making, Organizational Culture, Affirmative Action, Gender Stereotypes, Career Development, Ethiopia, Human Resource Management, Socio-cultural Factors, Gender Equality
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this study?
The study focuses on assessing the empowerment practices and the level of female participation in leadership positions within the Oromia Police Commission in Ethiopia.
What are the primary themes discussed in the research?
Key themes include institutional barriers, the impact of socio-cultural attitudes on female career progression, the role of organizational culture in maintaining male dominance, and the influence of gender-biased recruitment practices.
What is the main research objective?
The main objective is to identify and examine the factors that hinder police women from assuming leadership roles and to assess the existing gender gap in the organization's decision-making structure.
What scientific methods were employed?
The researcher utilized a descriptive, sequential mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from questionnaires distributed to 160 respondents with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 15 key informants.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the conceptual framework of women's empowerment, legal frameworks in Ethiopia, data methodology, and a detailed discussion of empirical findings regarding why women are underrepresented in high-ranking police positions.
Which keywords best describe the paper?
The paper is best described by keywords such as Police Women Empowerment, Gender Gap, Organizational Culture, Decision Making, and Affirmative Action.
How does the "Maternal wall" affect female police officers?
The study highlights that employers often perceive mothers as having lower career commitment due to their reproductive and familial responsibilities, leading to systemic indirect discrimination in hiring and promotion.
What role do "Male Clubs" play in the Oromia Police Commission?
The research identifies "social clubs" or informal male networks as a subtle barrier, as these spaces allow influential male leaders to form bonds and share information, thereby excluding women from vital career development contacts and deals.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dessalegn Kebede (Autor:in), 2019, Police Women's Empowerment in Ethiopia. Oromia in Perspective, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1005524
