The general objective of this study is to examine the impacts of urban expansion on peri-urban farming households of Gondar city, to describe the means of livelihood changes of farmers after their land was expropriated. Furthermore, to describe the sustainable livelihoods of peri-urban households after land expropriation, to explain the social problems of evicted people resulted from city expansion and to explain the actual implementation of policies and strategies in ensuring sustainable livelihood of evicted households.
It is obvious that urbanization has positive effects for countries development. The growth of cities and towns is considered as one of the process of development. Since cities are place of civilization, generating economic development and social, cultural, spiritual and scientific advancements, they are assumed as center of opportunities. These opportunities include: advantages of employment, access to urban services, commerce, transportation and schools and health services. However, uncontrolled urbanization in most developing countries negatively affects the natural environment and livelihoods of peri-urban areas. Urban development determine changes regarding the organization of places, economic and social changes, but these effects exceed the territorial barriers and generate a broad impactparticularly for the surrounding rural communities. Urban expansion is derived from two factors. One is the rise of investment and economic development that leads peri- urban areas to be given for factories, constructions or other investment sectors. The second factor for urban expansion is population growth of the urban places which may rise from natural growth and rural to urban migration.
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of the problem
1.3. Objective of the study
1.3.1. General objective
1.3.2. Specific objectives
1.4. Operational definition of terms
1.5. Significance of the study
1.6. Scope and Delimitation of the study
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
2.1. What is sustainable livelihood?
2.2. Cause and consequences of urban expansion
2.3. Physical and Economic features of peri- urban communities
2.4. Livelihood change in pre and post displacement
2.5. Changes in social bond and social relations of affected people
2.6. Vulnerable groups in land expropriation
2.7. Measures to ensure sustainable livelihood of evicted households
2.7.1. Land acquisition policy and strategies of some selective countries
2.7.2. Ethiopian laws, policies and strategies on farming land expropriation
2.8. The trend of Gondar city expansion
2.8.1. Change of master plan
2.8.2. Major expansion areas of Gondar city
2.9. Theoretical frameworks
2.9.1. Concentric Zone Theory
2.9.2. Sector Theory
2.10. Conceptual model
2.11. Variables of the study
3. METHODS OF THE STUDY
3.1. Description of study area
3.2. Research Design
3.2.1. Sample survey
3.2.2. Key informant interview
3.2.3. Focus Group Discussions
3.2.4. Document analysis
3.3. Method of data analysis
3.4. Research Ethics
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Demographic Characteristics of Sample Population
4.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF STUDY POPULATION
4.2.1. Income sources of respondents
4.3. PROCEDURE OF EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION ESTIMATION
4.3.1. Land acquisition
4.3.2. Compensation Estimation procedure
4.3.3. Reaction of farmers during land expropriation
4.4. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF URBAN EXPANSION ON PERI- URBAN AREAS
4.4.1. Reduction of agricultural land size of peri urban households
4.4.2. Reduction of production and productivity
4.4.3. Loss of assets of the land
4.4.4. Reduction of livestock
4.5. MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD CHANGES AFTER LAND EXPROPRIATION
4.5.1. Education as a factor to change means of livelihood
4.5.2. Occupational interests of respondents
4.6. SUSTAINABILITY OF RESPONDENTS LIVELIHOOD AFTER LAND EXPROPRIATION
4.6.1. Asset and income change of households
4.6.2. Households spending of the compensation money
4.7. SOCIAL IMPACTS OF URBAN EXPANSION
4.7.1. Urban expansion as a cause for conflict
4.7.2. Reduction of social bond and social relations
4.7.3. Seasonal Migration
4.8. INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTION FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OF EVICTED HOUSEHOLDS
4.8.1. Provision of proper compensation for evicted households
4.8.2. Time delay in land compensation process
4.8.3. Provision of essential trainings and rehabilitation support
4.8.4. Promised before expropriating the land
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusion and Recommendations
Research Objectives and Core Themes
The research examines the socioeconomic impacts of urban expansion on peri-urban farming households in Gondar, Ethiopia, focusing on how land expropriation affects livelihoods, assets, income, and social cohesion.
- Socioeconomic status of peri-urban farming households following land expropriation.
- Economic consequences including loss of agricultural land, assets, and livestock.
- Social consequences such as neighborhood conflicts, family disturbances, and changes in social networks.
- Efficacy of institutional interventions, compensation policies, and rehabilitation strategies.
- Sustainable livelihood challenges for evicted rural households in transitioning urban areas.
Excerpt from the Book
1.1. Background of the study
Urbanization is seen as an effect of the current global phenomenon, resenting the migration process of the population organizing in urban areas, areas considered to be true centers of progress that offer multiple options to residents (Dociu and Dunarintu, 2012). The 2014 UN report shows that 54% of global population is urbanized which is projected to reach 60% by 2030, considering that the urban population in 1930 was 30% of global population. In industrialized countries, where rural-urban migration is minimal and where most population movements are now inter-urban or intra-urban, growths of cities are pronounced and relevant to their sent level of urbanization and development. In contrast, in developing countries, particularly in Africa, the level of urbanization and development are typically lower. Yet, rural-urban migration has been rising and spatial expansion of urban places need great concern (Angel, 2005).
Currently, African countries face major challenges from rapid urbanization without meaningful industrialization. The proportion of urban population in Africa is 40% with average annual rate of 1.1% (UN, 2014). Particularly, it becomes high in eastern Africa which isleast urbanized sub-region. By the end of the current decade its urban population will be increased by 50 per cent; and the total number of urban dwellers in 2040 is expected to be five times that of 2010. It follows, therefore, that Eastern Africa will face huge challenges associated with massive urban population increases that needs additional demands for the provision of adequate and affordable housing and urban services without forgetting urban based income-generation opportunities (UN-Habitat, 2014).As a part of this fastest urbanizing sub-region of Africa, Ethiopia is treated among the world’s least urbanized and fast urbanizing countries. It was estimating that around 19% (about 18.4 million) of the country’s population living in urban areas and urbanizing by the rate of 2.3 between 2010 and 2015 (UN, 2014).
Chapter Summaries
CHAPTER ONE: Provides an introduction to the research, outlining the background, problem statement, objectives, and scope regarding the urbanization impacts in Gondar.
CHAPTER TWO: Reviews literature and theoretical frameworks relevant to sustainable livelihood, land expropriation, and urban expansion trends.
METHODS OF THE STUDY: Details the research design, including the study area description, survey methodology, sampling techniques, and data analysis procedures.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Presents empirical findings concerning the socioeconomic profile of the study population, the expropriation process, and the resulting economic and social impacts.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Synthesizes the findings and provides policy-relevant recommendations to improve the livelihood sustainability of evicted households.
Keywords
peri-urban, sustainable livelihood, urban expansion, expropriation, social bond, affected households, land acquisition, Gondar, socioeconomic impact, displacement, compensation, rural, livelihoods, institutional intervention, rehabilitation
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on assessing the socioeconomic impacts of urban expansion on peri-urban farming households, specifically in the Gondar city area of Ethiopia.
What are the central themes discussed?
The study centers on land expropriation, the loss of agricultural assets and livestock, livelihood changes for displaced farmers, and the resulting social shifts such as conflicts and migration.
What is the primary objective of the study?
The main objective is to examine how urban expansion and subsequent land expropriation affect the livelihood sustainability of peri-urban farming communities.
Which research methodology does the author employ?
The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from household surveys with qualitative data obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions.
What topics are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the demographic profiles of respondents, the procedures for land acquisition and compensation, the economic impacts on farming and assets, and the social repercussions of displacement.
Which keywords best characterize the work?
The work is characterized by terms such as peri-urban, sustainable livelihood, urban expansion, expropriation, social bond, and affected households.
Does the research conclude that current compensation practices are sufficient?
No, the research indicates that compensation is often inadequate and that many evicted farmers struggle with a lack of institutional support for rehabilitation, leading to impoverished conditions.
How does urban expansion influence the social fabric of the community?
Urban expansion contributes to neighborhood conflicts, family instability, and a weakening of traditional social cooperation mechanisms due to land loss and changing economic roles.
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- Yeshiwas Tigabu Alemineh (Autor:in), 2021, Socio Economic Impacts of Urban Expansion on Peri-Urban Communities. The Case of Gondar city, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1036828
