Tires are critical components of the vehicles on which they are used. They are used on automobiles, trucks, buses, farm tractors, earth-moving equipment, military vehicles, bicycles, motorcycles, and aircraft. Tires support the weight of the vehicle and the passengers and cargo on board; they transmit the motor torque to propel the vehicle (except on aircraft); and they absorb vibrations and shock to provide a comfortable ride.
A tire is a textile/rubber composite. The tire composite is in the form of a network of textile cord structures arranged in a parallel configuration and imbedded in a rubber matrix. Rubber defined as an elastomer compounded with various fillers and chemical ingredients . Most rubber compounds are thermosets, and they are turned into finished molded parts by compression, transfer or injection molding.
The tire is made up of numerous different rubber compounds, many different types of carbon black, fillers like clay and silica, and chemicals & minerals added to allow or accelerate vulcanization. The tires also have several types of fabric for reinforcement and several kinds and sizes of steel. Some of the steel is twisted or braided into strong cables.
Table of Contents
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 2. TIRE FEEDSTOCK MATERIALS
- 2.1. Elastomers
- 2.1.1. Natural rubber (NR)
- 2.1.2. Synthetic rubber (SR)
- 2.2. Reinforcing fillers
- 2.2.1. Carbon black
- 2.2.2. Silica
- 2.3. Reinforcing fibers
- 2.3.1. Rayon cord
- 2.3.2. Polyester cord
- 2.3.3. Nylon cord
- 2.3.4. Aramid cord
- 2.3.5. Glass cord
- 2.3.6. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cord
- 2.3.7. Steel cord
- 2.4. Additives
- 2.4.1. Softeners
- 2.4.2. Antidegradents
- 2.4.3. Curatives
- 3. TIRE CONSTRUCTION
- 4. TIRE MANUFACTURING
- 4.1. Preforming of Components
- 4.2. Building the Carcass (Tire assembly)
- 4.3. Molding and Curing
- 5. TIRE PROPERTIES
- 5.1. Mechanical properties of tire composite material
- 5.2. Performance properties of tires
- 6. TIRE TESTING
- 7. TIRE DEGRADATION
- 8. TYPES, COST ANALYSIS AND MARKET OF AUTOMOTIVE TIRES
- 8.1. Types of tires
- 8.2. Cost of automotive tire
- 8.3. Market of automotive tires
- 9. TIRE RECYCLING
- 9.1. Retreading of tires
- 9.2. Recovery of tire materials
- 9.3. Use of recovered tire rubber
- 10. FUTURE OF TIRES
- 11. REFERENCES
Objectives and Key Themes
This project aims to provide a comprehensive case study of automotive tires, examining their composition, manufacturing process, properties, and lifecycle. It explores the complex interplay of materials science and engineering in tire design and production.
- Tire feedstock materials and their properties
- Tire construction and manufacturing techniques
- Mechanical and performance properties of tires
- Tire degradation and recycling
- The market and future of automotive tires
Chapter Summaries
1. INTRODUCTION: This introductory chapter establishes the critical role of tires in various vehicles, highlighting their function in weight support, torque transmission, and vibration absorption. It defines a tire as a textile/rubber composite, emphasizing the network structure of textile cords embedded in a rubber matrix. The chapter also briefly introduces the diverse composition of tires, including numerous rubber compounds, carbon black, fillers, and reinforcing materials.
2. TIRE FEEDSTOCK MATERIALS: This chapter delves into the over 200 raw materials used in tire composition. It categorizes these materials into elastomers (natural and synthetic rubber, each with its unique properties and applications), reinforcing fillers (carbon black for wear resistance and silica for low rolling resistance), and reinforcing fibers (rayon, polyester, nylon, aramid, glass, PVA, and steel, each offering distinct advantages and disadvantages in terms of strength, heat resistance, and cost). Finally, it discusses additives like softeners, antidegradants, and curatives that contribute to processing and durability.
3. TIRE CONSTRUCTION: This chapter details the three basic tire constructions: diagonal ply, belted bias, and radial ply. It explains the role of the carcass, composed of multiple layers of rubber-coated cords, in providing strength and stability. The chapter contrasts the structural differences between the three types, emphasizing the radial tire's superior flexibility, leading to better performance characteristics such as increased tread life and improved handling. The chapter also discusses inner liners for both tubed and tubeless tires and their importance in air retention.
Keywords
Automotive tires, composite materials, elastomers, reinforcing fillers, reinforcing fibers, tire construction, tire manufacturing, tire properties, tire degradation, tire recycling, market analysis.
Frequently Asked Questions: Comprehensive Language Preview of Automotive Tires
What is the purpose of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive overview of automotive tires, covering their composition, manufacturing, properties, and lifecycle. It serves as a case study exploring the intersection of materials science and engineering in tire design and production.
What topics are covered in the table of contents?
The table of contents includes sections on: Introduction; Tire Feedstock Materials (elastomers, reinforcing fillers and fibers, additives); Tire Construction; Tire Manufacturing (preforming, carcass building, molding and curing); Tire Properties (mechanical and performance); Tire Testing; Tire Degradation; Types, Cost Analysis and Market of Automotive Tires; Tire Recycling (retreading, material recovery, use of recovered rubber); and the Future of Tires. A references section is also included.
What are the key objectives and themes of this study?
The key objectives are to provide a detailed case study of automotive tires, examining their composition, manufacturing process, properties, and lifecycle. Key themes include the properties of tire feedstock materials, tire construction and manufacturing techniques, the mechanical and performance properties of tires, tire degradation and recycling, and the market and future of automotive tires.
What are the main types of tire feedstock materials discussed?
The document details various tire feedstock materials, categorized into elastomers (natural and synthetic rubber), reinforcing fillers (carbon black and silica), and reinforcing fibers (rayon, polyester, nylon, aramid, glass, PVA, and steel). Additives such as softeners, antidegradants, and curatives are also discussed.
How are tires constructed and manufactured?
The document explains the three basic tire constructions: diagonal ply, belted bias, and radial ply. It describes the tire manufacturing process, including preforming of components, building the carcass (tire assembly), and molding and curing. The role of inner liners in tubed and tubeless tires is also addressed.
What are the key properties of tires, and how are they tested?
The document covers both the mechanical properties of the tire composite material and the overall performance properties of the tires. A section on tire testing methods is included, although specifics are not detailed.
What happens to tires at the end of their life?
The document discusses tire degradation and several aspects of tire recycling, including retreading, recovery of tire materials, and the use of recovered tire rubber.
What is the market outlook for automotive tires?
The document includes a section on the types, cost analysis, and market of automotive tires, providing an overview of the industry and future trends, although specific market data is not provided.
What keywords are associated with this document?
Keywords include: Automotive tires, composite materials, elastomers, reinforcing fillers, reinforcing fibers, tire construction, tire manufacturing, tire properties, tire degradation, tire recycling, and market analysis.
Where can I find more detailed information on specific aspects of tire technology?
The document includes a references section for further reading. Specific details regarding individual aspects of tire technology can be found in the referenced literature.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Ahmed Ibrahim (Autor:in), 2016, Composite Material for Automotive Tires. Construction, Manufacturing, Properties, Testing, Degradation, Recycling, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1139773
