Pleurotus ostreatus is primarily an edible mushroom with high nutritional value and biomedical relevance, as it contains numerous bioactive components that generate the development of therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study is to determine the phytopharmacological effects of Pleurotus ostreatus. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of cycloalkane, nitriles, halogen compounds, aromatic monosubstituted compounds, and carboxyl acid. The presence of 12 bioactive compounds was revealed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and components in the extract were identified and quantified using HPLC. The antimicrobial efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract against Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens seems promising. The extract’s anticancer efficacy against HeLa and MCF7 at 25 µg/ml and exhibits strong cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 6.8 μg/mL and 17.5 μg/mL respectively.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.3 Purification techniques
Ultracentrifugation
Chromatographic methods
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
Ion exchange chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Precipitation methods
Salting out
Isoelectric point precipitation
Precipitation with organic solvents
2.0 Experimental Investigations
2.1 Phytochemical analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus
2.2 HPLC analysis of proteins
2.3 Tandem mass spectrum Analysis of Proteins (MS/MS)
2.4 FTIR Analysis of Proteins
2.5 Cell Culture and Treatment
2.6 Anti-cancerous activity of oyster mushroom
2.7 Agar well diffusion method
3.0 Experimental Results and Discussion
3.1 Phytochemical analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus
3.2 HPLC analysis of Proteins
3.3 Tandem mass spectrum analysis of proteins
3.4 FTIR analysis of Proteins
3.5 Anti-Cancerous activity
3.6 Anti-Bacterial activity
4.0 Conclusion
Research Objectives and Themes
This work aims to evaluate the nutritional, biotechnological, and medicinal potential of the genus Pleurotus, with a specific focus on the extraction, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds from Pleurotus ostreatus. The study explores how these compounds, including polysaccharides and proteins, exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties, while also providing an overview of cultivation techniques and advanced analytical methods such as HPLC, FTIR, and MS/MS for industrial applications.
- Phytochemical screening and composition of Pleurotus mushrooms.
- Advanced protein purification and analytical techniques (HPLC, MS/MS, FTIR).
- Evaluation of medicinal properties, including antioxidant and anti-cancer activity.
- Antimicrobial activity testing through agar well diffusion methods.
- Optimization of cultivation conditions and post-harvest treatments.
Extract from the Book
1.0 Introduction
Mushrooms have been regarded as gourmet cuisine across the globe since antiquity for their unique taste and subtle flavor. They are considered as sources of important nutrients including dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, in particular, vitamin D (He, Perera & Hemar, 2012). More than 2,000 species of mushrooms exist in nature, but only around 25 are widely accepted as food and few are commercially cultivated (Valverde et al., 2015). Recently, they have become increasingly attractive as functional foods due to their potential beneficial effects on human health. Hence, food industry is especially interested in both cultivated and wild edible mushrooms. The most extensively cultivated mushroom worldwide is Agaricus bisporus (J. E. Lange) Emil J. Imbach., followed by Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. Mushrooms production is continuously increasing. The commercial production in 2012 hit 7,959,979 tonnes of mushrooms, with China accounting for most of the production (5,150,000 tonnes), while 1,869,091 tonnes were harvested in Europe (Grujic et al., 2015). Due to the increase in population and consumption, the world demand for mushrooms is projected to grow 15% a year (Kamarudzaman et al., 2015). The genus Pleurotus (Fries) Kummer (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) was defined by Paul Kummer in 1871. It is a cosmopolitan group of mushrooms with high nutritional value and therapeutic properties, besides a wide array of biotechnological and environmental applications (Knop, Yarden & Hadar, 2015). Usually regarded as oyster mushrooms, these edible basidiomycetes are among the most popular worldwide, as much as they achieved the third position in the production of edible mushrooms, behind the species of the genus Agaricus and Lentinula (Fernandes et al., 2015). The most important Pleurotus species cultivated in large scale are P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. (Bazanella et al., 2013). P. pulmonarius has been often marketed by spawn
Summary of Chapters
1.0 Introduction: This chapter introduces the global importance, nutritional profile, and increasing commercial demand for edible mushrooms, specifically focusing on the genus Pleurotus.
1.3 Purification techniques: This section provides an overview of essential laboratory methods used to isolate proteins, including ultracentrifugation and various chromatographic approaches.
2.0 Experimental Investigations: This chapter outlines the standardized procedures used for phytochemical analysis, HPLC, MS/MS, and FTIR analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus, as well as cell culture and anti-cancer activity assays.
3.0 Experimental Results and Discussion: This chapter presents the findings regarding the chemical composition, spectral analysis, and the documented bioactivity of Pleurotus ostreatus against cancer cell lines and various pathogenic bacteria.
4.0 Conclusion: This chapter synthesizes the study's findings, highlighting the potential of Pleurotus mushrooms in pharmaceutical applications while noting the need for further clinical research.
Keywords
Pleurotus ostreatus, mushroom, nutraceuticals, functional foods, protein purification, phytochemical analysis, HPLC, FTIR, MS/MS, antioxidant, anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion, polysaccharides, bioactivity
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on the nutritional and medicinal significance of the Pleurotus mushroom genus, specifically investigating the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from Pleurotus ostreatus.
Which specific themes are covered in the study?
The themes include phytochemical screening, cultivation techniques, advanced analytical methods for protein isolation, and the assessment of medicinal properties like antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities.
What is the main objective of the work?
The primary goal is to establish a scientific foundation for the medicinal potential of Pleurotus ostreatus by analyzing its chemical constituents and validating its therapeutic efficacy through various laboratory tests.
What scientific methods are employed?
The study utilizes analytical techniques such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS), and biological assays like the MTT test and agar well diffusion.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers the biodiversity and taxonomy of Pleurotus, its nutritional profile, methods for submerged cultivation, post-harvest treatments, and detailed experimental investigations into the bioactivity of its extracts.
Which keywords characterize this work?
Key terms include Pleurotus ostreatus, nutraceuticals, protein purification, HPLC, FTIR, anticancer activity, and antioxidant properties.
How does the study evaluate the anticancer potential of the mushroom?
The study uses the MTT test to measure viable cell counts in human cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines treated with Pleurotus ostreatus extracts to determine IC50 values.
What were the findings regarding antimicrobial activity?
The research demonstrates that aqueous extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus exhibit significant inhibitory effects against specific pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis, while showing varied results against others like E. coli.
- Quote paper
- Dr Praveen Kumar Vemuri (Author), 2020, Evaluation Studies on Bioactivities and Medicinal Properties of Aqueous Extract of Pleurotus Ostreatus, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1156356
