Impact of Climate Change on Cattle and Mitigation Strategies

Table of contents

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Global Climate Change and Animals
2.2. Climate Change and Agro-Ecological Zones
2.3. Climate Change and Food Security
2.4. Current Status of Climate Change and Cattle
2.5. Effects of Climate Change on Cattle Production
2.6. The Direct Effects
2.6.1. Effects on animal disease
2.7. The Indirect Effects
2.7.1. Effects on feed resources availability and quality
2.7.2. Effects on availability, quality and demand of water
2.8. Impact of Climate Change on Cattle Reproduction
2.8.1. Impact of heat stress on female reproductive performance
2.9. Impact of Heat Stress on Male Reproductive Performance
2.9.1. Impact of increased ambient temperature on energy balance and metabolism
2.9.2. Impacts of thermal stress on rumen health and pH
2.9.3. Impacts of thermal stress on milk production
2.9.4. Impact of nutritional stress on reproduction
2.10. Mitigation Strategies to Combat Climate Change impacts on livestock
2.10.1. Summarizing adaptation and mitigation practices
2.10.2. Adaptation measures
2.10.3. Livestock production and management systems modification
2.10.4. Breeding strategies
2.10.5. Farmers’ perception and adaptive capacity

3. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4. RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES