Mosquito (Culicidae) fauna, biological methods to control Ae. aegypti larvae and community participation regarding the present dengue situation and vector control program were evaluated in Chulucanas district, Piura Department, Peru. The study included collection and identification of mosquito larvae in surrounding towns of and in Chulucanas city. Following mosquito species were found: Ae. aegypti, Ae. scapularis, Ae. serratus, An. albimanus, An. pseudopunctipennis, Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus. Two comparative residual effect tests with Bti-based Culinex Tab plus® and Temephos-based Temefar® 1%G were performed in large and small water volumes under laboratory conditions. In the tests with large water volumes, Temefar® 1%G and Culinex Tab plus® showed a residual effect of 9 weeks (100% and 75% mortality, respectively), and, in tests with small water volumes, a residual effect of 7 weeks (100% mortality for both larvicides). Three efficacy tests performed with Culinex Tab plus® at three houses in Chulucanas city under field conditions showed 100% mortality after 24 h of larvicide application. In connection with this tests, an adult person living in each house was interviewed regarding Bti- and Temephos-based larvicides, the present vector control program and community participation. Considering these interviews, a personal testimonial, other statistical social data such as poverty levels, socioeconomic indicators and one survey concerning approval of the present vector control program, it is concluded that lack of knowledge of handling with larvicides and low acceptation regarding present vector control activities may be the main causes for the dengue outbreak in June, 2008.
Table of Contents
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Mosquito fauna in the district of Chulucanas
3.1.1. Larvae collection, larval density, biotic & abiotic data
3.1.2. Larvae identification
3.2. Residual effect test of Bti- and Temephos-based larvicides
3.2.1. Residual effect tests in large water volumes
3.2.2. Residual effect tests in small water volumes
3.3. Efficacy test in houses and interview regarding community participation
3.3.1. Efficacy test
3.3.2. Interview
4. Results
4.1. Mosquito fauna in the district of Chulucanas
4.1.1. Breeding site in Chulucanas city, Sector Nr. 20
4.1.2. Breeding site in Chulucanas city, Sector Nr. 4
4.1.3. Breeding site in Yapatera town
4.1.4. Breeding site in Campanas town
4.1.5. Breeding site in Charanal town
4.1.6. Breeding site in Paccha town
4.2. Residual effect test of Bti- and Temephos-based larvicides
4.2.1. Residual effect tests in large water volumes
4.2.2. Residual effect tests in small water volumes
4.3. Efficacy test in houses and interview regarding community participation
4.3.1. Efficacy test
4.3.2. Interview
5. Discussion
5.1. Mosquito fauna in the district of Chulucanas
5.2. Residual effect test of Bti- and Temephos-based larvicides
5.3. Efficacy test in houses and interview regarding community participation
Research Objectives and Focus
This thesis aims to evaluate the mosquito fauna, biological control methods for Aedes aegypti larvae, and community participation regarding vector control programs in the Chulucanas district of Peru, specifically investigating the efficacy of Bti-based larvicides compared to Temephos and the socioeconomic factors influencing community compliance.
- Identification of mosquito species in various breeding sites within Chulucanas.
- Comparative analysis of the residual effects of Bti-based and Temephos-based larvicides under laboratory conditions.
- Field assessment of the efficacy of Bti-based larvicides in local household water storage containers.
- Investigation into community knowledge, attitudes, and participation regarding vector control strategies.
Excerpt from the Book
3.1. Mosquito fauna in the district of Chulucanas
In order to evaluate the mosquito (Family: Culicidae) fauna in Chulucanas, it was aimed to collect and identify the existent mosquito species in its larval stages and determine their corresponding larval densities, as well as collect biotic and abiotic data that helps describing the habitat where they live. For this purpose, search of potential breeding sites was carried out in lagoons, canals, ponds, puddles, swamps, river shores, vats and other recipients in human dwellings, rice field, etc.
Breeding site evaluation set: The standard pint dipper with 350 ml capacity (Dixon and Brust, 1972; Lemenager et al., 1986) and 3 ml plastic pipettes were used for larvae collection, disposable 1 l recipients covered with gauze-like tissue served for transporting samples to the laboratory (located in the health care institution “Red de Salud Morropón-Chulucanas” in Chulucanas city).
Identification set: A field stereomicroscope with a zoom range from 4,8x to 56x, 70% alcohol, sample dishes, clean 3 ml plastic pipettes, featherweight forceps and dissecting needle for larvae manipulation. Identification keys of Lane (1953), Cova García (1966), and Gorham et al. (1973) were used for larvae identification.
Summary of Chapters
1. Abstract: Provides a concise overview of the research study, covering the species identified, the comparative larvicide tests, and the findings regarding community participation and the 2008 dengue outbreak.
2. Introduction: Contextualizes the global threat of mosquito-borne diseases, specifically dengue, and outlines the necessity for vector control and community engagement in tropical regions.
3. Materials and Methods: Details the methodologies for collecting and identifying mosquito larvae, the experimental setups for testing larvicide residual effects, and the structure of household interviews.
4. Results: Presents the data gathered from the field surveys of mosquito breeding sites, the laboratory results of the larvicide tests, and the summarized outcomes of the community interviews.
5. Discussion: Critically evaluates the research methodology, interprets the findings regarding mosquito distribution and larvicide performance in relation to local socioeconomic conditions, and concludes on the root causes of the dengue outbreak.
Keywords
Mosquito fauna, Aedes aegypti, Dengue, Biological control, Bti, Temephos, Residual effect, Community participation, Chulucanas, Larvicides, Vector control, Public health, Entomology, Peru, Insecticide resistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The work focuses on evaluating the mosquito fauna in the Chulucanas district of Peru and analyzing the efficacy of biological control methods versus chemical ones, alongside assessing community participation in vector control.
What are the central themes covered?
The central themes include entomological surveillance, the residual efficacy of Bti and Temephos larvicides, and the socioeconomic factors that influence community cooperation in disease prevention.
What is the primary objective or research question?
The primary objective is to contribute knowledge regarding mosquito control in tropical regions by testing specific larvicides and identifying how local socioeconomic factors, such as education and knowledge of handling larvicides, affect the success of vector control programs.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The study used field collection and stereomicroscopic identification for mosquito species, laboratory experiments to measure the residual effect of larvicides on larval mortality, and semi-structured interviews with residents to evaluate community attitudes.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the detailed materials and methods, the documentation of various breeding sites, the results of the laboratory tests comparing Bti and Temephos, and the qualitative assessment of local interviews.
How would you characterize this work with keywords?
The work is characterized by terms such as mosquito fauna, Aedes aegypti, biological control, community participation, and vector control programs.
How do environmental conditions in the field affect larvicide performance?
The study notes that environmental factors like dust, water contamination, and UV exposure can impair the residual effect of Bti-based formulations compared to their performance in controlled laboratory conditions.
Why did the survey reveal low community acceptance of vector control?
The survey indicated that low education levels, lack of clear, written instructions on handling larvicides, and general dissatisfaction with the performance of public health personnel contribute to low acceptance and compliance.
- Quote paper
- Arlie Zegarra Pumapillo (Author), 2008, Culicidae fauna, biological control of dengue vectors and community participation in tropical countries, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/117842
