The objective of this study was to assess the Ethiopian Mining Policy and its Effect on natural and socio-economic environment in case of gold mining in Dhiba Batte, Reji and Sawana localities of Oddo Shakisso Wereda, Ethiopia. The study examined the real and existing effect of mining activities on the natural and socio-economic environment in the light of environmental friendly and inclusive mining strategy. The study is confined to identifying the effect of gold mining in relation to the mining activity conducted by Midroc Gold Company at Lege Dembi and Sakaro site and three small scale gold mining micro enterprise which were operating in Dhiba Batte, Reji and Sawana.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of The Study
1.2.Statement of the Problem
1.3. Reseach Question
1.4.Research Objectives
1.4.1. General Objective
1.4.2. Specific objectives
1.5. Scope of the Study
1.6. Significance of the Study
1.7. Limitations of the study
1.8. Organization of the Study
1.9. Definitions of Key Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Review of Theoretical Literature
2.2.1. Concept of Mining and Sustainable Development
2.3. The Effects of Gold Mining on Natural and Social Environment
2.3.1. The Effects of Gold Mining on Natural Environment
2.3.2. Effects of Gold Mining on Social Environment
2.4. The Ethiopian Gold Mining Industry
2.5. Observing the practice of Corporate Social Responsibilities
2.6. Review of Empirical Studies
2.6.1. A Study on Mining site of Canada
2.6.2.A Study on Mining site of Ghana
2.7. Policy Issues and Legal Provisions put
2.8.Conceptual Framework
CHAPTER THREE
3.1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.2. Research Design
3.3.Research Approach
3.4.Study Area
3.5.Target Population and Sample Size
3.6.Sampling Procedure and Sample size
3.7.Data Collection Methods
3.7.1.Document Analysis
3.7.2.Participant Observation
3.7.3. Unstructured Interviews
3.7.4. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
3.7.5. Questionnaire
3.8.Data Analysis
3.9.Validity and reliability of instrument
3.9.1.Reliability
3.9.2.Validity
3.10.Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER FOUR
4. Data Presentation, Analysis and Discussion
4.1.Introduction
4.2. Analysis of Response Rate
4.3.Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
4.3.1. Education Level and Work Experience of Respondents
4.3.2. Years of Domicile of Respondents in the Community
4.4. Data Analysis and Discussions of the Study
4.4.1. Effect of Gold Mining on the Natural Environment
4.4.1.1.Forest Distraction and Land Degradation
4.4.1.2. Land pollution and Degradation
4.4.1.3.Air Pollution in Oddo Shakisso
4.4.1.4.Noise pollution in Lege Denbi and Sakarro
4.4.2. Effect of Gold Mining on Social Environment
4.4.2.1. Effect of Gold Mining on Animal and Human Health
4.4.2.2.Business and Prices of Goods, Services
4.4.2.3. Tendency to Cultural Disorientation and Social vices
4.4.2.4.The Issue of Crime and Crime Rate
4.4.2.5. Employment Opportunity Created
4.5. Observing the practice of Corporate Social Responsibilities
4.6. Conclusions
CHAPTER FIVE
FINDINGS, CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2. Theoretical Framework of the Study
5.3.Basic Research Findings:
5.4.Conclusion
5.5.Recommendations
5.5.1.Recommendations for Policy Issues
5.5.2.Suggestions for Further Studies
Research Goals and Themes
The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the Ethiopian Mining Policy and its impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment within the Oddo Shakisso Wereda, focusing on the mining activities of the Midroc Gold Company and local small-scale mining enterprises. The study investigates the ecological consequences of mining, such as land degradation and chemical pollution, alongside socio-economic shifts, including employment, crime, and public health issues.
- The environmental impacts of gold mining on land, water, and air quality.
- The socio-economic effects on local communities, including livelihood shifts and public health hazards.
- Employment opportunities created by large-scale versus small-scale gold mining operations.
- The implementation and adherence to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles.
- Policy analysis and the gaps between national mining regulations and local implementation realities.
Excerpt from the Book
1.1. Background of the Study
The extraction and processing of minerals and metals to provide goods and services essential to human society is as old as human development. Mining is the process of obtaining desirable mineral and metal resources from the earth (Aryee, B.N.A., 2012). This process has been occurring since humans began using stones and metals for tools and minerals for jewelry and trade (Rees, 1985). Minerals and metals have brought huge benefits to society; they are vital commodities that serve as a foundation to society’s material quality of life (Ibid., 2012; Worrall et al., 2009).The International Council on Mining and Metals proved that mineral exports can be an alternative for increasing exports for agrarian, low and middle income countries and that in the past two decades its contribution to total exports had increased from 30 to 60 per cent (Prior, T. et al., 2012).
There are approximately 60 developing and transition countries (22 from African and 27 from East Asia) where mining become an important economic activity. These include countries that are important mineral producers in the international marketplace; countries that are modest producers by international standards but where mining makes an important contribution to the regional or national economy, and countries where small-scale or artisanal mining provide significant employment in rural or remote communities. Mining practiced in the context of two generically different forms of mining these are large-scale mining and small-scale and artisanal mining. Both create very different contexts for opportunities and risks that may evolve from the use of natural resources (Stamp, M., 2015).
Large-scale mining generate about 85 percent of the world’s nonfuel minerals and more than 95 percent of the world’s total mineral production. The industry employs an estimated 2-3 million workers and their families worldwide. In addition, for every job created directly by large mines, between 2 and 25 jobs are created with suppliers, vendors, and contractors to the mine and to miners and their families (Ibid.,2015).
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Provides a background on global and Ethiopian mining, defines the study's scope in Oddo Shakisso, and outlines the research objectives and problem statement.
LITERATURE REVIEW: Examines theoretical perspectives on mining and sustainable development, including global principles like ICMM standards, and reviews empirical studies on mining impacts.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Details the research design (descriptive and explanatory), the mixed-method approach used, sampling procedures, and data collection methods like observations and interviews.
Data Presentation, Analysis and Discussion: Analyzes the gathered empirical data regarding environmental degradation, social issues, and economic contributions in the study area.
FINDINGS, CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Summarizes the study's key findings, draws final conclusions on the current mining practices, and offers policy recommendations for sustainable future improvements.
Keywords
sustainability, decoupling mining from destruction, local content policies, social license, gold mining, natural environment, socio-economic impact, environmental degradation, cyanide contamination, corporate social responsibility, Oddo Shakisso, artisanal mining, employment, policy implementation, Ethiopia.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research evaluates the effectiveness of the Ethiopian Mining Policy and its impact on the natural and socio-economic landscape of the Oddo Shakisso Wereda, specifically looking at how mining activities influence local communities and the environment.
What are the primary themes discussed in this work?
The study covers the environmental effects of gold mining (pollution, deforestation), social shifts (crime, cultural changes, health risks), economic factors (employment, local development), and the regulatory framework regarding corporate responsibility.
What is the main objective of this study?
The primary objective is to identify the real-world effects of gold mining on the environment and society in the study area and to provide policy-based recommendations for better implementation of sustainable mining practices.
Which scientific methodology was applied?
The researcher employed a mixed-method approach, utilizing both quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from unstructured interviews, ethnographic observations, and focus group discussions with community elders and local officials.
What does the main body of the work address?
The main chapters cover the background and problem statement, a review of theoretical literature, detailed research methodology, presentation and analysis of field data, and final conclusions with recommendations.
Which keywords characterize this paper?
The paper is characterized by terms such as sustainability, decoupling mining from destruction, social license, local content policies, environmental impact, and corporate social responsibility.
What specific health concerns were raised in the Oddo Shakisso area?
Local respondents reported significant health issues, including birth defects and miscarriages among women in the area, which they attribute to cyanide contamination from mining activities.
How is the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evaluated in the area?
The study finds that CSR is largely ineffective in the study area; most residents report that the mining company lacks meaningful community development or environmental rehabilitation plans.
What does the study conclude regarding the link between gold mining and employment?
While small-scale artisanal mining significantly contributes to local income and wealth creation, the large-scale mining operations provide limited direct employment to the local population, mostly confined to lower-level roles.
What is the primary recommendation provided for policy improvement?
The study recommends that the government must enforce strict environmental and social standards, mandate local employment, ensure fair compensation for land use, and require companies to implement transparent rehabilitation and community development programs.
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- Cherinet Bariso (Autor:in), 2018, Gold Mining and Its Effect on Natural and Socio-Economic Environment. The Case of Oddo Shakisso District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1190281
