The aim of this study is to assess the effects of urban productive safety net program on the livelihood of the ultrapoor in Addis Ababa City Administration, with particular focus on Kolfe Keranio Sub-City.
Specifically, the study focuses on the socio-economic status of the graduate-households before and after joining UPSNP and, challenges facing the graduate-households in the process of attaining sustainable IGA's. Furthermore, on opportunities gained benefiting from UPSNP and to assess attitudes of the communities towards the graduates/program.
Within these, mixed approaches were employed to gather data. Moreover, a stratified sampling method was administered in order to maintain equal chances to women and men. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from 179 graduate-household heads. Structured interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews as well as observation of the researcher were also adopted in order to gather qualitative data.
The finding of the research reveals that UPSNP has not brought a significant change on the livelihood of the graduate-households. No convincing difference was observed among households before and after joining UPSNP, although, very few households confirmed they have seen positive effects. The investigation has also ascertained the existence of so many challenges affecting the process of IGA's from the households side and government side as well as nation-wide obstacles such as inflation/food price rise/ and house rent increment, since the majority of the graduate-households dwell in rental houses.
The interpretation also confirmed the presence of special opportunities for the graduate-households being beneficiary of the program. And, almost all the communities have positive attitude towards the graduate-household and the program. Furthermore, the researcher recommended that special credit access should be facilitated to support and boosts the IGA's. Eventually, work places should be allotted before grant, problem of housing and inflation should be taken careful attention to solve and additional components other than the support component should be facilitated.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3. General objective of the Study
1.3.1. Specific Objectives of the Study
1.4 Basic Research Questions
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the study
1.7. Limitations of the Study
1.8. Operational Definitions in the Study
1.9. Ethical Considerations
1.10. Organization of Thesis
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Establishment of Social Protection Systems
2.1.2. Definitions of Social Protection
2.1.3. The Concept of Formal and Informal Social Protections
2.2. Theoretical Literature Review
2.2.1. The Basic-Need Approach
2.2.2. The Empowerment Approach
2.2.3. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF)
2.3 Empirical Evidences
2.3.1. Urban Productive Safety Net Program Effects
2.4. Conceptual Frame Work
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Research Area
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Target of the Study population
3.4. Sources & Techniques of Data Collection
3.5 Exclusion and Inclusion criteria
3.6 Variables Study
3.7 Sampling Methods
3.7.1. Sampling Techniques
3.7.2. Sample Size Determination
3.8. Method of Analysis
3.8.1. Data Analysis
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
4.2. The socio-economic status of the graduates before & after joining UPSNP
4.2.1 Directions to make Households eligible for Graduation
4.2.2.Capacity Building Activities of the Graduates before graduation
4.2.3.Consumption of Monthly Salary of Graduates before Graduation
4.2.4.Asset Building Activities of Graduate-Households
4.2.5. Savings Mobilization and Support
4.2.6. Access to credit
4.2.7. Effects on the Livelihood of the Graduate-Households
4.3. Challenges facing graduates in the process of Attaining Sustainable IGA's
4.3.1. Targeting Process
4.3.2. Empirical Evidences of unfair Targeting/Selections
4.4. Opportunities obtained by graduatesfrom being beneficiary of UPSNP
4.5. To assess the attitude of the community towards the program;
4.5.1. Perception of the graduate-households towards the program
4.5.2. Responses of the non-graduates towards graduate-households
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Summary of the Main Findings
5.2. Conclusion
5.3. Recommendations
Research Objectives and Themes
This study aims to assess the effects of the Urban Productive Safety Net Program (UPSNP) in the Addis Ababa City Administration, with a detailed case study focusing on the Kolfe Keranio sub-city. The research seeks to identify the impact of the program on the socio-economic status of beneficiary households, the various challenges hindering the development of sustainable Income Generating Activities (IGAs), potential opportunities gained through program participation, and the community's attitude toward both the program and its graduates.
- Socio-economic impact assessment of UPSNP on participant households.
- Analysis of challenges in establishing and maintaining sustainable IGAs.
- Evaluation of assets and opportunities acquired through safety net participation.
- Assessment of community attitudes and social support regarding the program.
- Identification of policy improvements to enhance livelihood sustainability post-graduation.
Excerpt from the Book
4.2.1 Directions to make Households eligible for Graduation
The UPSNP has adopted a three-phase integrated model or pathways designed to provide income support and increase employability. In the first phase, clients will receive transfers (conditional on meeting their co-responsibilities) followed by life skills training and guidance on the employment pathways, namely self-employment and wage employment. In the second phase, clients will continue to receive conditional transfers, training and job-matching services to increase employability. In the third phase, clients will have the option to continue to receive a small amount of conditional transfers to supplement income derived from employment secured as a result of program support or through other means. Support will be provided for a maximum of three years but some beneficiaries may choose to graduate earlier. As this is a first project of this nature in urban areas, it is important to acknowledge that the proposed approach /graduation from the program/ particularly the livelihood services interventions will be evaluated, course-corrected, and expanded as needed (MoUDH, 2016)
Graduation is an important outcome of the UPSNP one graduation cycle being three years. As clients graduate, new clients will be added on a needs basis, using the targeting system, as long as there are unmet needs in the urban centers of the country. Process of Graduation gives the necessary support needed for program exit. Self - graduation occurs when a beneficiary voluntarily withdraws from the program. This may occur if beneficiary determine that their time and labor are better used engaging in non-program IGA's than in public works activities. However, self-graduation must occur on a completely voluntary basis and not due to urging on any level from program officials. A Graduation Prediction System (GPS) should be designed to support the assessment of likely graduation rates to predict the likely graduation rate.
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the origins and theoretical background of Social Safety Nets, outlines the problem statement in the context of urban poverty in Addis Ababa, and defines the study's objectives and scope.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: This section covers theoretical frameworks such as the Basic-Need Approach, the Empowerment Approach, and the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, while reviewing empirical evidence regarding safety net program effects.
3. METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the research design, area description (Kolfe Keranio), data collection techniques (structured questionnaires, interviews, FGDs), and sampling strategies applied to study the graduate-households.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: This core chapter presents the findings on socio-demographic characteristics, socio-economic changes before and after the program, graduation challenges, and community perceptions of the graduates.
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The final chapter provides a synthesized overview of the study findings, draws conclusions regarding the program's effectiveness, and offers practical recommendations for future implementation.
Keywords
UPSNP, IGA's, Asset building, Food insecurity, Food Access, Profit, saving, challenges, Attitudes, Livelihoods, Urban Poverty, Graduation, Social Protection, Addis Ababa, Sustainable Development
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on evaluating the impacts of the Urban Productive Safety Net Program (UPSNP) on beneficiary households in the Kolfe Keranio sub-city of Addis Ababa, specifically examining their socio-economic status before and after program participation.
What are the primary thematic areas investigated?
The study investigates household socio-economic status, the effectiveness of income-generating activities (IGAs), barriers to graduation, asset building, and social attitudes toward the program.
What is the main objective of the thesis?
The main objective is to assess the effects of UPSNP on the livelihood of the first batch of graduate-households and identify the challenges and opportunities encountered during the implementation process.
What research methodology was employed?
The researcher utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 179 survey respondents with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation.
What subjects are covered in the main body (Chapter 4)?
Chapter 4 addresses respondent demographics, the socio-economic status of graduates before and after the program, capacity building, asset accumulation, access to credit, and community perceptions of the beneficiaries.
Which keywords characterize this work?
Key terms include UPSNP, IGA's, Asset building, Food insecurity, Food Access, Profit, saving, challenges, and Attitudes.
How does the program define "graduation" for households?
Graduation is defined as the successful exit of beneficiaries from the program after three years, contingent upon meeting specific criteria such as skill training, adherence to saving rules, and having attained a level of livelihood that reduces dependency on public support.
What is the impact of COVID-19 on the program participants?
The study notes that all surveyed households experienced negative impacts from the pandemic, including disruptions to vocational training, the forced withdrawal of personal savings, and retarded market access for their products.
- Quote paper
- Andualem Melaku (Author), 2021, Effects of Urban Productive Safety Net Program in Addis Ababa City Administration, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1247959
