Corporate bond credit spreads are much larger than historical default rates, which leads to an unexplained gap between the default premium component and total credit spread. This gap is referred to as the "credit spread puzzle" in the literature and has driven the discussion of the components of credit spreads in the past decades. The size of each component affects the decision of whether to purchase a particular class of bonds; this underlines its importance in risk management, portfolio management, and valuation.
The first goal of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of research on how to decompose credit spreads and estimate their parts. Second, in an empirical study, the systematic risk in current EUR-denominated credit spreads is estimated and compared to the results of Elton et al. (2001). Furthermore, I analyze the regime-dependence of credit spreads for different cross-sections, as systematic risk has proven important in crisis periods. Finally, implications for the calculation of debt beta are derived as in business valuations it is possible to use a debt beta if the debt of the valuation object is subject to a systematic risk that leads to a signifcant risk premium demanded by debt providers. I show that the systematic part of the credit spread for observed EUR-denominated bond spreads from 2009 to 2021 can be assumed higher than in the US bond market, is regime-dependent and would have direct implications on the calculation and relevance of a debt beta for business valuations.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Systematic risk and debt beta
4 Corporate bond risk
4.1 Credit risk
4.1.1 Default risk determinants
4.1.2 Bond valuation and default risk premium
4.2 Liquidity risk
4.3 Systematic risk
5 Empirical analysis
5.1 Data description and spread measurement
5.2 Estimation of the default risk premium
5.3 Estimation of the systematic credit spread
5.4 Regime-dependent analysis of systematic credit spreads
5.5 Discussion of results
6 Implications on debt beta
7 Conclusion
A Appendix
Objectives & Core Topics
This master's thesis aims to estimate the systematic component of credit spreads in the EUR-denominated corporate bond market to provide insights for debt beta calculations in business valuations. The research decomposes credit spreads into their constituent parts—specifically targeting the systematic risk portion—and investigates how these components behave under different economic regimes, such as financial crises.
- Decomposition of EUR-denominated corporate bond credit spreads.
- Estimation and comparison of systematic credit spread components.
- Investigation of regime-dependent spread behavior during economic crises.
- Derivation of implications for debt beta in business valuation models.
Excerpt from the Book
1 Introduction
The EUR-denominated corporate bond market has evolved substantially in the past decades in terms of outstanding volume. Not surprisingly, the study of credit spreads has become more prominent in Europe during this time. However, corporate bond credit spreads have been much larger than historical default rates, which leads to an unexplained gap between the default premium component and total credit spread. This gap is referred to as the "credit spread puzzle" in the literature and has driven the discussion of the components of credit spreads in the past decades. Whereas dynamic determinants of a credit spread are the influencing factors over time, static (cross-sectional) components represent the breakdown of the credit spread into separate parts. This decomposition has practical relevance. The size of each component affects the decision of whether to purchase a particular class of bonds. In particular, the component referred to as "systematic risk" occupies a leading role in the literature.
Summary of Chapters
1 Introduction: Introduces the EUR-denominated corporate bond market and the central phenomenon known as the "credit spread puzzle," setting the stage for the systematic decomposition of credit spreads.
2 Literature review: Provides an overview of existing theoretical and empirical approaches for measuring systematic risk and identifying its determinants within credit spreads.
3 Systematic risk and debt beta: Examines the theoretical foundations and standardized instructions for incorporating debt beta into business valuation processes.
4 Corporate bond risk: Analyzes the primary risk components that bond investors seek compensation for: credit risk (default and migration risk), liquidity risk, and systematic risk.
5 Empirical analysis: Presents the methodology and results of the study, estimating the systematic credit spread and analyzing how these spreads vary across different economic crisis regimes.
6 Implications on debt beta: Discusses the practical consequences of the empirical findings on the estimation and application of debt beta in business valuations.
7 Conclusion: Summarizes the key insights of the thesis regarding the systematic risk component in the European corporate bond market and provides suggestions for future research.
A Appendix: Contains supplementary data, technical calculations, and robustness checks for the empirical analysis.
Keywords
Systematic Credit Spread, Debt Beta, Credit Spread Puzzle, Corporate Bonds, Default Risk Premium, Liquidity Risk, Business Valuation, Risk Management, Regime-Dependence, Macroeconomic Events, EUR-denominated Bonds, Fama-French-5-Factor Model, Market Risk, Financial Crises, Financial Modeling.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary motivation for this research?
The study is motivated by the "credit spread puzzle," where observed corporate bond credit spreads exceed historical default rates. The thesis aims to clarify the systematic component of these spreads to assist practitioners in correctly calculating debt beta for business valuations.
Which market is analyzed in the thesis?
The focus of the research is the EUR-denominated corporate bond market, specifically analyzing Non-Financials to provide an empirical basis for understanding systematic risk in this region.
What is the central research question?
The central question is how the systematic component of EUR-denominated corporate bond credit spreads can be estimated and whether this systematic risk is dependent on different economic regimes, such as crisis periods.
Which methodology is employed in the study?
The thesis utilizes a reduced-form model approach to decompose credit spreads, combined with a Fama-French-5-Factor regression to determine the impact of systematic priced factors on residual spreads.
What is covered in the empirical analysis section?
This section details the data set compilation, the specific steps for estimating the default risk premium, the calculation of the systematic credit spread, and the statistical analysis of spread behavior across different economic cycles.
How is "systematic risk" characterized in the context of the study?
Systematic risk is defined as the component of the credit spread that is driven by aggregate market movements and financial factors (such as stock market returns) which cannot be diversified away by holding a bond portfolio.
How does the choice of the transition matrix affect the results?
The study finds that the results are highly sensitive to the chosen transition matrix and recovery rate inputs, noting that lower default probabilities in Europe compared to the US drive variations in the resulting credit spread estimates.
What does the study conclude regarding the "debt beta" in business valuation?
The findings suggest that the systematic risk component is non-negligible, and practitioners should consider that the systematic portion of the credit spread may be larger than previously assumed, which influences the calculation and relevance of debt beta.
- Citar trabajo
- M.Sc. Sebastian Wilde (Autor), 2022, Estimating the systematic component of credit spreads, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1267016
