Energy-Efficient Hydrodynamic Design of Ships for Inland Waterways of Bangladesh based on Fuel Consumption and Emission Control

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation , 2022 , 212 Pages

Engineering - Naval Engineering, Ocean Engineering

It has been observed that direct use of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) formulation for the inland ships will not provide the correct result. The prime reason is the effect of shallow water on the ship resistance. In addition to that, cargo availability and fuel quality issues for the inland vessels of Bangladesh forbid the use of IMO guidelines. Again, a generalized formulation is not possible for inland ships. Therefore, the EEDI formulation needs to be modified to be useful for an individual country.

To find out the necessary modification of EEDI by IMO to be useful for inland ships of Bangladesh, several field visits, investigations, and laboratory tests have been conducted. The results of these visits, investigations and tests have been used to quantify the hydrodynamic effect of shallow water on ship resistance, actual average operational condition, cargo availability and actual carbon content in fuel. These corrections have been integrated with EEDI by IMO which has been used for the inland ships of Bangladesh.

To quantify and set up the CO2 emission level of the Inland Maritime sector of Bangladesh, verified ship data and operational profiles are necessary. Using a good number of verified inland ship data, EEDI baselines for Bangladeshi inland cargo, oil tanker and passenger ships were established. These baselines are one of the first steps in the world for inland ships using verified ship data and are termed as EEDIBD.

A ship design method that will ensure the reduction of CO2 emission, sensitivity analysis has been carried out. Three existing ships (cargo, oil tanker and passenger) of Bangladesh have been analysed and EEDIBD was calculated. To do that IMO provides several guidelines, which are most appropriate for seagoing ships. To assess the possibility of CO2 emission reduction, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the inland ship design parameters of Bangladesh.

The outcome of the sensitivity analysis is a set of inland ship design suggestions that will lower the EEDIBD value from the current stage. These ship design suggestions have been implemented on three existing inland ships. These existing ships resistance have been examined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Those ships’ designs have been improved based on the ship design suggestions. It has been found that remodelled ship designs have 10-15% less resistance in comparison with the parent hull.

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1: Introduction
• 1.1 Background study
• 1.2 Development of EEDI: Historical Background
• 1.3 The need for energy efficiency in shipping
• 1.3.1 Reduction of GHG emissions: Environmental point of view
• 1.3.2 Economic point of view
• 1.4 Importance of Inland Shipping
• 1.4.1 The need for energy efficiency in inland shipping
• 1.4.2 Major Challenges
• 1.5 Motivation
• 1.6 Objectives of the Study
• 1.7 Outline of Methodology/Experimental Design
• 1.7.1 Revising EEDI formulation- methodology to incorporate the shallow water effect
• 1.7.2 Revising EEDI formulation- fixing Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR)
• 1.7.3 Revising EEDI formulation- fixing capacity
• 1.7.4 Revising EEDI formulation- fixing carbon content
• 1.7.5 Methodology of Sensitivity Analysis
• 1.7.6 Methodology for design modification based on EEDI
• 1.8 Literature Review
• 1.8.1 The energy efficiency of inland waterway self-propelled cargo ships
• 1.8.2 Use of alternative fuel: inland water transport in Bangladesh
• 1.8.3 The CO2 reduction potential of EEDI from the world shipping industry.
• 1.8.4 Comparison of inland shipping emission to other modes of transport
• 1.8.5 Use of marginal abatement cost to assess CO2 emission
• 1.8.6 Problems with the available fuel-saving options for ships
• 1.8.7 Improving the energy efficiency
• 1.8.8 Ship design for sea versus ship design for EEDI
• 1.8.9 Impact of power reduction on sustained speed and reliability
• 1.8.10 Establishment of link among population growth, technology, resources, and CO2 emission
• 1.8.11 Environmentally friendly inland waterway ship design- Danube‐Carpathian program
• 1.8.12 Third IMO Green House Gas (GHG) study
• 1.8.13 Fourth IMO Green House Gas Study
• 1.8.14 A green and economic future of inland waterway shipping
• 1.8.15 Improving the efficiency of small inland vessels
• 1.8.16 Ship emissions study
• 1.8.17 Estimation of emissions from shipping in the Netherlands
• 1.8.18 Environmental performance of inland shipping
• 1.8.19 European Union activities in controlling CO2 emission from shipping
• 1.8.20 Life cycle assessment
• 1.8.21 Environmental ship index (ESI)
• Chapter 2: Revising EEDI Formulation Applicable For Inland Ships of Bangladesh
• 2.1 Brief description of EEDI by IMO
• 2.1.1 Attained EEDI
• 2.1.2 EEDI Baseline/Reference line
• 2.2 Reasons for revised EEDI for inland ships
• 2.2.1 Inclusion of speed drop due to shallow water effect in EEDIBD
• 2.2.2 Hydrodynamic effects of confined waters on ship resistance
• 2.2.3 Characterization of channel restriction
• 2.2.4 Ship speed loss prediction (Schlichting’s method)
• 2.2.5 Ship speed loss prediction (Barras method)
• 2.2.6 Speed correction due to lateral restriction of the channel in shallow water
• 2.2.7 International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) guideline
• 2.2.7.1 Ship speed loss prediction (Lackenby’s method)
• 2.2.7.2 Ship speed loss prediction (Raven’s method)
• 2.2.8 Chosen method to incorporate shallow water effect
• 2.2.9 Assumptions on the considerations of the effects of confined waters on ship resistance
• 2.2.10 Investigated results on shallow water effect for the inland ships of Bangladesh
• 2.2.11 Incorporation of shallow water effect to the EEDIBD formulation
• 2.3 Fixing the main engine MCR and PME considering shallow water effect.
• 2.4 Fixing Deadweight capacity
• 2.5 Fixing Carbon content of fuel used in Bangladesh
• 2.6 Corrected EEDI parameters by IMO for inland ships of Bangladesh
• 2.7 Sample Calculation based on EEDIBD parameters
• Chapter 3: Establishment of EEDIBD Baselines For Inland Ships of Bangladesh
• 3.1. Establishment of EEDIBD Baselines
• 3.2. Methodology to establish EEDIBD Baselines.
• 3.2.1. Stoichiometric method (Energy-based approach)
• 3.2.2. Carbon Balance method
• 3.2.3. Activity-based approach
• 3.2.4. The methodology used to estimate the status of CO2 emission per Tonne mile for the inland ships of Bangladesh
• 3.2.5. Assumptions to estimate the status of CO2 emission per Tonne mile for the inland ships of Bangladesh
• 3.3. Required physical data and verification
• 3.3.1. Fuel consumption per hour (Ch)
• 3.3.2. Deadweight capacity or Gross Tonnage for passenger ship.
• 3.3.3. Service speed of the ship
• Chapter 4: Energy-Efficient Hydrodynamic Design of Ship Based on Fuel Consumption and Emission Control
• 4.1 Hydrodynamics of Ship Design
• 4.1.1 Shallow water effect on ship resistance and potential flow
• 4.1.2 Viscous flow using RANS solver
• 4.1.3 Hydrodynamics and EEDI
• 4.2 Energy-efficient hydrodynamic design of Ship
• 4.2.1 Sensitivity analysis of inland cargo ships of Bangladesh
• 4.2.2 Sensitivity analysis of inland oil tanker of Bangladesh
• 4.2.3 Sensitivity analysis of inland passenger ships of Bangladesh
• 4.2.4 Ship design suggestions for Inland Ships of Bangladesh based on sensitivity analysis
• 4.3 Ship design suggestion validation
• 4.3.1 CFD analysis assumptions
• 4.3.2 Implementing design suggestion on MV Madina-5 (cargo vessel)
• 4.3.3 Implementing design suggestions on MT. Saima-1 (Oil Tanker)
• 4.3.4 Implementing design MV Takwa-1 (Passenger Ship)

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

The primary goal of this research is to develop energy-efficient hydrodynamic ship designs for inland waterways in Bangladesh. The study aims to achieve this objective by focusing on reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

• Revising the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) formulation to make it applicable to inland ships in Bangladesh.
• Establishing EEDIBD (Energy Efficiency Design Index for inland ships of Bangladesh) baselines for various ship types, including cargo, oil tankers, and passenger vessels.
• Conducting sensitivity analysis of key ship design parameters to identify their impact on EEDIBD values.
• Developing energy-efficient ship design methods that incorporate EEDIBD and address the unique challenges of inland navigation in Bangladesh.
• Providing recommendations for ship design parameter ranges that promote low fuel consumption and low CO2 emissions.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the study, outlining the background, motivation, objectives, and methodology. It delves into the importance of energy efficiency in shipping and inland waterways, particularly in Bangladesh. The chapter also discusses the challenges of implementing EEDI for inland ships and reviews relevant literature.

Chapter 2 focuses on revising the EEDI formulation by IMO to make it applicable for inland ships in Bangladesh. The chapter examines the shallow water effect and its impact on ship resistance. Various methods for calculating the shallow water effect are discussed, and a specific method (Lackenby, 1963) is chosen for theoretical calculations. The chapter also discusses the adjustments made to key EEDI parameters, including MCR, deadweight capacity, and carbon content of fuel.

Chapter 3 focuses on establishing EEDIBD baselines for inland ships in Bangladesh. The chapter discusses different methods for estimating CO2 emissions from inland ships and chooses the Stoichiometric method for this study. The chapter then explains the verification process of ship data and presents EEDIBD baselines for general cargo, oil tankers, and passenger ships.

Chapter 4 explores energy-efficient hydrodynamic ship designs. It analyzes the hydrodynamic impact of EEDI on ship design parameters through sensitivity analysis. Based on the analysis, the chapter provides ship design suggestions that aim to minimize EEDIBD values. The chapter then validates these suggestions by implementing them on existing inland cargo, oil tanker, and passenger ships, comparing their resistance using CFD software.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

The research focuses on energy-efficient hydrodynamic ship design, CO2 emissions reduction, inland shipping, EEDI, EEDIBD, shallow water effect, sensitivity analysis, Bangladesh, fuel consumption, and ship design parameters.

• Author: S. M. Rashidul Hasan (Author)
• Publication Year: 2022
• Pages: 212
• Catalog Number: V1282609
• ISBN (PDF): 9783346742650
• ISBN (Book): 9783346742667
• Language: English
• Tags: CO2 emission, Green House Gas, Fuel Consumption, EEDI, EEDI_BD, IMO, MEPC, Inland Ships, Cargo Ship, Oil Tanker, Passenger Ship