Conventional synthesis of nanoparticles chemically releases toxic byproducts so there was a sudden shift towards the synthesis of nanoparticles through biological methods as it was assumed that biosynthesized nanoparticles would not be toxic. The present study aims at comparative toxicity analysis of chemically and biologically synthesized copper oxide and silver nanoparticles. Biologically synthesized copper oxide and silver nanoparticles were subjected to antimicrobial activity against five bacterial species at different dilution rate (20%, 50%, 70% and 100%). The result obtained for this was that for silver nanoparticles synthesized chemically E.coli was susceptible at 20% and 50% dilution rate. At 70% dilution rate for copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized chemically two bacterial species i.e. E.aerogens and P.aeroginosa were highly susceptible but other three species were susceptible.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Silver nanoparticles
1.2 Copper oxide nanoparticles
1.3 Nanoparticles as Antimicrobials
1.4 Nanoparticles and its potential hazards
1.4.1 Hazards to human
1.4.2 Environmental hazards
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
4. MATERIAL AND METHODS
4.1 Sample collection and preparation
4.2 Glassware and apparatus
4.3 Equipments
4.4 Method of preparation of nanoparticles
4.5 UV-VIS Spectra Analysis of CH-AgNPS, CH-CuONPs, B-CuNPs, B-AgNPs
4.6 Nanoparticles Lyophilization
4.7 FT instrumentation
4.8 Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.9 Antimicrobial Activity
4.10 Resazurin dye
4.11 Toxtrak Test
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. CONCLUSION
Research Objectives and Themes
The study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness and toxicity levels of chemically synthesized versus biologically synthesized (using Saraca indica leaf extract) silver and copper oxide nanoparticles against five specific pathogenic bacterial species.
- Comparative toxicology analysis of chemical and biological nanoparticle synthesis methods.
- Evaluation of antimicrobial activity across varying dilution rates (20%, 50%, 70%, 100%).
- Characterization of nanoparticle morphology, size, and optical properties using UV-Vis, FTIR, and TEM.
- Assessment of potential environmental and human health hazards associated with nanoparticle production.
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology can be explained as a science which deals with manipulating or creating materials at nanoscale level whose size lies in range of 1 to 100nm. Furthermore, nanotechnology can be said as study and compression of matter with dimensions between approximately 1to100 nanometers, thus enabling its use in different kind of applications for us” [National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) 2008]. In relation to background researches and recent current practices, related to nanotechnology, highlights issues surrounding the nanotechnology and its use like in areas- environmental remediation and even for future directions. Nanotechnology utilizes several different approaches which include starting at atomic level scale and then building structures and materials by specifically modifying or placing atom by atom using the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology.Thus, with this approach, forces of chemistry are in control and are less flexible in marking unrestrained structures like number of products for consumer and we can expect significant products in coming future.
Another approach known as „top down‟ processing includes breaking down of something into smaller and smaller segments. This approach can be made use in understanding the different biological processes going in one‟s body for example how the brain leads to transfer of sensory information. With the use of nanoscience and nanotechnology, novel researches are in process in different fields like in industrial sectors. Many areas are even making use of nanomaterials due to their beneficial properties for example in use of catalyst and as antibacterial coatings. Even nanotechology is being used as in environment technology to decrease pollution, cleaning, and treating of products that causes disruption of natural environment. Also, this technology can help in practicing site remediation. Though detailed study risks resulting from different remedies and approaches are poorly understood
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Provides a foundational overview of nanotechnology, including its definitions, synthesis approaches, applications, and associated environmental or health risks.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Examines existing research on nanoparticle synthesis methods, characterization, and their antimicrobial properties against various bacterial strains.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Outlines the primary goal of the study to assess the effectiveness and toxicity of biologically synthesized versus chemically synthesized nanoparticles.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Details the experimental procedures including sample collection, nanoparticle synthesis, characterization techniques (UV-VIS, TEM, FTIR), and antimicrobial/toxicity testing protocols (ToxTrak).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Presents experimental findings on nanoparticle synthesis validation, morphological analysis via TEM, and comparative antimicrobial toxicity data.
CONCLUSION: Summarizes the study findings, confirming that biologically synthesized nanoparticles are generally less toxic than those produced via chemical methods while remaining effective as antimicrobial agents.
Keywords
Nanotechnology, Silver Nanoparticles, Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, Saraca indica, Antimicrobial Activity, Biogenic Synthesis, Chemical Synthesis, Toxicity Analysis, ToxTrak, Resazurin, Bacterial Species, Nanobiotechnology, Electron Microscopy, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Morphology.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
This work focuses on the comparative study of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized through biological methods (using Saraca indica extract) versus chemical methods, specifically evaluating their antimicrobial efficacy and potential toxicity.
Which synthesis methods were compared in the study?
The study specifically compares standard chemical synthesis (such as sol-gel and chemical reduction) against eco-friendly, green synthesis approaches utilizing aqueous leaf extracts of the Saraca indica plant.
What is the main research question or objective?
The core objective is to determine if biological (green) synthesis produces nanoparticles that are as effective at combating bacterial infections as chemically synthesized counterparts, while ideally exhibiting lower toxicity profiles.
Which scientific methods were employed to test the nanoparticles?
The researchers utilized UV-Visible spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for characterization, and the ToxTrak test, based on resazurin dye reduction, to assess and quantify toxicity levels.
What does the main body of the work cover?
The main body covers the detailed methodology for synthesizing and characterizing these nanomaterials, followed by extensive experimental results detailing zones of inhibition for five bacterial species and calculated percentage inhibition (PI) for toxicity.
Which keywords characterize this paper?
Key terms include nanotechnology, biogenic synthesis, Saraca indica, copper oxide, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity assessment.
How were the nanoparticles specifically characterized?
The nanoparticles were characterized by analyzing their UV-Vis plasmon absorption peaks and using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine the size ranges (e.g., 9-59nm, 12-172nm) and structural shapes (spherical, rod, triangular).
What was the key conclusion regarding toxicity?
The results consistently showed that chemically synthesized copper oxide and silver nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher toxicity levels compared to those produced via the green, biological methods using Saraca indica leaves.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Pankaj Kumar Tyagi (Author), 2018, Biological and Non-Biological Synthesized Nanoparticles against Bacterial Species, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1311493
