Recently, Gondar city was grown into a metropolitan city status. This means that, Gondar city is among the Ethiopian urban settings experiencing unprecedented rate of urbanization through expansion expanding in different directions into the surrounding rural areas with fast physical and population growth.
Therefore, the city administration of Gondar has undergone a horizontal expansion pattern. However, no study has been conducted to investigate the impacts of urban expansion on the livelihoods of peri-urban households in Gondar City Administration. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effects of the expansion program on the livelihoods of the affecting farming households in Gondar city. The study employed household survey, focused group discussion, observation and an in-depth interview with key informants to assess the situation.
The findings were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results of the study revealed that, the expansion program was not participatory and the compensation payment implemented for the affected households was not fair and equal in relation with the calculation of their possessed assets.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Research objectives
1.4. Research Question
1.4.1. General Question
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the Study
1.7. Description of the Study Area
1.8 Limitation of the Study
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction
2.1. Nature of Urban Expansion
2.2. Resettlement and Its Effect on Livelihoods of Resettles
2.2.1. Emperical Studies on Resettlement Impact
2.3. Risks Associated With Displacement
2.4. Cause and Consequence of Urban Expansion
2.4.1 Causes of Urban Expansion
2.4.2. Consequences of Urban Expansion
2.4.2.1. Social Consequence of Urban Expansion
2.4.2.2. Environmental Consequence of Urban Expansion
2.4.2.3. Economic Consequence of Urban Expansion
2.5. Sustainable Livelihood Approach and Livelihood Strategies in Peri-Urban Area
2.5.1. Sustainable Livelihood Approach
2.5.2. Livelihood Strategies of Peri-Urban Area
2.6. Conceptual Framework
3. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Research Strategy and Type
3.3. Research Approach
3.4. Methods of Data Collection
3.5. Sample Design
3.5.1. Population or Universe
3.5.2. Sampling Frame
3.5.3. Sampling Unit
3.5.4. Sampling Techniques
3.5.5. Sample Size
3.6. Source of Data
3.6.1. Primary Data
3.6.2. Secondary Data
3.7. Data Analysis and Interpretation
3.8. Operationalization of Variables
3.9. Validity and Reliability
3.10. Ethical Consideration
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Overview of the Displacement program of the Study Area
4.3. The Households’ Socio-demographic Features
4.4. Issues Related to Attitudes on Participation and Benefit Packages of the Households’
4.4.1. Participation in the Urban Expansion Program
4.4.2. Major Purpose of the Expansion and Displacement Program in Gondar City
4.4.3. Urban Expansion led-benefits and Related Issues for Peri-urban Households
4.5. Impacts of Urban Expansion Program on the Affected Peri-urban Households
4.5.1. The Effects of Urban Expansion on Livelihood Assets of the Peri-urban Households’
4.6. Urban Expansion Impact: the Affected Households Livelihood Enhancement Strategies and Coping Mechanisms
4.6.1. Enhancement Strategies of the Affected Households
4.6.2. Coping Mechanisms of the Affected Households
4.7. The Role of Governments or NGOs for the Households
4.8. Livelihood Outcomes of the Affected Households by Urban Expansion Impact
4.9. Summary.
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. CONCLUSION
5.1.1. Introduction
5.1.2. Households Attitude about the Benefit Packages and their Participation
5.1.3. Effects on Livelihood Assets
5.1.4. Livelihood Strategies and Coping Mechanisms
5.1.5. Government and/or NGOs Role/Intervention
5.1.6. Livelihood Outcomes
5.2. POLICY IMPLICATIONS
5.3. Recommendation for Further Research
Research Objectives and Core Themes
This study aims to investigate the impact of urban expansion in Gondar City on the livelihoods of peri-urban farming households. It examines how relocation and displacement, driven by commercial and infrastructure projects, have altered the livelihood assets, strategies, and overall well-being of the affected communities, with a focus on lack of participation and compensation issues.
- Effects of urban expansion on livelihood assets and natural capital.
- Evaluation of participation levels and compensation effectiveness.
- Identification of coping mechanisms and livelihood strategies post-displacement.
- Assessment of government and NGO roles in rehabilitation assistance.
- Analysis of livelihood outcomes and long-term socio-economic impacts.
Excerpt from the Book
A. Awareness of the Households’ about the Urban Expansion
This section explains the ways of awareness of the dislocated households which is shown in figure 1.
According to Cernea (1988: 14), since resettlement planning implies critical decisions regarding the future of the displaced groups, it is incumbent upon the agencies involved in this planning to seek the participation of the resettles. The guidelines recommend specifically that affected populations be consulted directly or through their formal and informal leaders, representative’s, non-governmental organizations with respect to the social and economic aspects of the various alternatives being considered for resettlement.
In this regards, as figure 1 shown, about 66% (89) of the respondents agreed that they had awareness on the city expansion programs through the means of public orientation/meeting and word of mouth (Table 2); while the rest, 34% (46) of the respondents’ believe that they were not aware about the expansion program. On the other hand, the focused group discussants revealed that the households of the study area were not informed about the expansion program. They stated, “We come to know about the expansion program when we are called to receive our compensation and we also know when we are told to leave our location within one month after they paid us the compensation.” Contrary to this, the key informant from the municipality revealed that the households were informed through different means that the land or the place they live was to be expropriated for city’s development. In addition, they stated that the communities in the project area have conducted series of meetings and were made aware of the expansion program. Similarly, they stated that the kebele officials have played vital role in organizing the community meetings and discussions. This indicates that the peri urban household does not have information on the expansion program.
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: Outlines the scope of the study, the research objectives, and the significance of investigating urban expansion in Gondar City.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Discusses theoretical perspectives on urban expansion, resettlement impacts, and sustainable livelihood frameworks.
3. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY: Details the research strategy, data collection methods (questionnaires, interviews), and sampling techniques applied to the case study.
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION: Presents the primary findings from the field, covering demographic features, compensation satisfaction, and livelihood impacts.
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Summarizes the study’s findings on land loss and displacement, and provides policy recommendations for equitable urban development.
Keywords
Urban Expansion, Peri-urban, Livelihood, Resettlement, Displacement, Gondar City, Landlessness, Compensation, Socio-economic, Coping Mechanisms, Sustainable Livelihood, Infrastructure, Urbanization, Households, Development
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary objective of this research?
The research examines the impacts of urban expansion in Gondar City on the livelihoods of surrounding peri-urban farming households, specifically identifying changes to their assets and economic well-being.
What central themes does the study cover?
Key themes include land displacement, the effectiveness of compensation packages, participation in resettlement planning, and the evolution of household coping strategies.
Which scientific methods were utilized?
The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative household surveys with qualitative data from in-depth interviews, focused group discussions, and field observations.
What does the main body of the work address?
The main body focuses on the socio-demographic profile of the dislocated population, an analysis of the displacement program's fairness, and the specific impact on natural, physical, and financial capital.
Who are the key subjects of this study?
The study focuses on the displaced farming communities of the Ayermarfia and Lozamariam kebeles in Gondar City who were displaced to accommodate airport and residential expansion.
How is the term 'livelihood' defined in this context?
The study adopts an approach where livelihood comprises the assets (natural, physical, human, social, and financial), activities, and access to these, which together determine the living gained by the households.
How did the expansion affect land ownership?
Findings show that nearly all households lost their agricultural land, reducing their average land size from 0.67 hectares to 0.02 hectares, leading to widespread landlessness.
Were the affected households involved in the relocation plans?
The findings indicate a lack of participation; most households were not consulted or involved in resettlement planning and were informed of the displacement only shortly before forced relocation.
What is the status of financial security post-displacement?
Post-displacement financial stability declined, as households moved from self-sufficient farming to lower-paying casual labor or informal jobs, making them financially vulnerable.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Endalew Terefe Alene (Autor:in), 2013, The Impact of Urban Expansion on the Livelihoods of Peri-Urban Households in Gondar City, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1334280
