Kinetic Study of Biogas Production from Chicken Manure

Master's Thesis , 2023 , 107 Pages , Grade: 5.0 (A)

Engineering - Chemical Engineering

The use of biogas as fuel for transportation, electricity generation, heating and in cooking stoves, justify its production as alternative fuel to natural gas. Waste, posing serious danger to the environment, especially chicken manures (CM) containing disease-causing microorganisms, if utilized via anaerobic digestion to generate biogas will go a long way in mitigating its effect. This work, hence, desires to turn the detrimental health challenges that these microbes could cause humans and animals to generate useful by-products.

Therefore, this work aims at studying the kinetics of biogas production using CM. The objectives entail utilizing a bench-scale digester to produce biogas; studying the growth kinetics of microorganisms acting on the feedstock; profile the gas generated and using POLYMATH regression tool to study comparatively, the modified Gompertz, Cone, Transfert and Logarithmic biogas yield kinetic models. The method followed involves feeding the digester with 7 kg of CM after proximate analysis, determining the biomass concentration and daily gas production over a 40 days retention period using the biogas and cell growth data in models to describe the conditions inside the digesting system and the biogas potential of the CM substrate and lastly, analyzing the raw gas produced to know its constituent gases.

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• DEDICATION
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• LIST OF TABLES
• LIST OF FIGURES
• ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE
• CHAPTER ONE
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study
  • 1.3 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.4 Significance of the Study
  • 1.5 Scope of the Study
• CHAPTER TWO
  • LITERATURE REVIEW
  • 2.1 Chicken Manure (CM) Utilization
    • 2.1.1 Environmental Impacts of Chicken Manure
    • 2.1.2 Availability of Chicken Manure Feedstock
  • 2.2 Biodigester for Biogas Production
  • 2.3 Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure
    • 2.3.1 Stages of Degradation and Factors Affecting Gas Production
    • 2.3.2 Kinetic Study
  • 2.4 Microbial Growth Kinetics
    • 2.4.1 Determination of Cell Numbers by Serial Dilution
    • 2.4.2 Microbial Growth Curve
    • 2.4.3 Substrate Utilization Model
  • 2.5 Existing Growth Kinetic Models
    • 2.5.1 Monod Equation
    • 2.5.2 Substrate Inhibition Model
    • 2.5.3 Kinetic Model Without Inhibition
  • 2.6 Kinetics of Biogas Production
    • 2.6.1 Modified Gompertz Model
    • 2.6.2 Cone, Transfert and Logistic Model
    • 2.6.3 Less Common Biogas Kinetic Model
    • 2.6.4 Cumulative Biogas Measurement
  • 2.7 POLYMATH and Regression Parameters
• CHAPTER THREE
  • METHODOLOGY
  • 3.1 Materials and Equipment Used
  • 3.2 Bioreactor Setup
  • 3.3 Feedstock Preparation and Characterization
  • 3.4 Digester Start-Up
    • 3.4.1 Process Start-Up
    • 3.4.2 Temperature and pH Measurement
  • 3.5 Microbial Count
    • 3.5.1 Determination of Microbial Concentration
    • 3.5.2 Serial Dilution
    • 3.5.3 Preparation of Culture Media
    • 3.5.4 Pour Plate Technique
    • 3.5.5 Colonic Counting
  • 3.6 Cumulative Biogas Measurement
  • 3.7 Growth Kinetics

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This dissertation investigates the kinetics of biogas production from chicken manure (CM) using a bench-scale digester. The study aims to analyze the growth kinetics of microorganisms involved in the digestion process, characterize the generated biogas, and assess the suitability of different kinetic models for predicting biogas yield.

• Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure
• Biogas Production Kinetics
• Microbial Growth and Substrate Utilization
• Modeling Biogas Yield and Process Optimization
• Environmental Impact and Sustainability of Biogas Production

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter One introduces the background, aims, and significance of studying biogas production from chicken manure. It outlines the research problem and the scope of the study. Chapter Two provides a comprehensive literature review on CM utilization, anaerobic digestion, microbial growth kinetics, and biogas production modeling. The chapter discusses various kinetic models and their applications in describing biogas production processes. Chapter Three delves into the methodology employed in the study, covering the materials and equipment used, bioreactor setup, feedstock preparation, and the detailed procedures for microbial count, biogas measurement, and kinetic analysis.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

This dissertation focuses on the keywords: chicken manure, anaerobic digestion, biogas production, microbial growth kinetics, kinetic models, modified Gompertz model, Cone model, Transfert model, POLYMATH, and sustainable energy.

• Grade: 5.0 (A)
• Author: Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar (Author)
• Publication Year: 2023
• Pages: 107
• Catalog Number: V1349009
• ISBN (PDF): 9783346853639
• ISBN (Book): 9783346853646
• Language: English
• Tags: Biogas, Chicken manure, Kinetic study, Microbial growth model, Monod, Modified Gompertz, Anaerobic digestion, Serial dilution, Substrate degradation model, Biomass concentration, Cell growth rate