The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the driving factors behind the emergence of informal settlements in Dessie city. It further examines the environmental degradation caused by these settlements and the availability of basic infrastructures within them. The study employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating surveys, structured interviews, and field observations. A total of 95 households from three sub-cities were randomly sampled, and six key informants were purposefully selected for interviews. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the land management system, increasing land plot supply, advancing the condominium housing program, and regularizing existing informal settlements.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Research Questions
1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4.1. General Objective
1.4.2. Specific Objectives
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the Study
1.7. Limitations of the Study
2.1 Related literature Review
2.1. 1 Theoretical Review of Literature
2.1.1.1.4. The Concept of environment and its Definition
2.2. Empirical Review of Literature
2.2.1. Global and Local Common Approaches and Experiences on the Response to IS
2.2.1.2. The program of low-cost housing
2.2.1.3.The sites and services scheme
2.2.2. International Experiences on Responses to the Informal Settlement: Success and Failure
2.2.2.2. Armenia: Legalization of IS
2.2.3. CAUSES OF IS
2.2.4. Informal Settlement versus the Environment
2.3. Research Gap
2.4. Conceptual Framework
3.1. Description of Study Area
3.1.1. Historical Background of Dessie City
3.2. Research Paradigm, Approach and Design
3.2.1. Research Paradigm
3.2.3 Research Design
3.3. Types and Sources of Data
3.3.1. Types of Data
3.3.2. Data sources
3.4. Sampling Design
3.4.1. Population and sampling frame
3.4.2 Sampling Unit
3.4.3 Sample Size Determination
3.4.4. Sampling Techniques and procedures
3.5. Data Collection Instruments
3.6. Validity and Reliability
3.7. Method of Data Analysis
3.8. Ethical issues in the research
4.1 Findings and discussions
4.1.1 Demographic characteristics of respondents
4.1.2 Driving components of IS expansion
4.1.2. 1 Land concerned component
4.1.2.2 House related component
4.1.2.3 Administrative component
4.1.2.4 Social component
4.1.2.5 Political and legislative component
4.3 Environmental degradation caused by IS
4.3.1 The environmental impact of IS on forest
4.3.2 The environmental impact of IS on air
4.3.3 Land pollution
4.4 Infrastructural assessment
4.4.1 Toilet availability
4.4.2 Access to tap water
4.4.3 Electrification
4.4.4 Solid waste disposal methods
4.4.5 Sewerage system
4.4.6. Road types in IS
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Research Objectives and Key Topics
The primary aim of this research is to investigate the driving factors behind the expansion of informal settlements (IS) in Dessie city, while concurrently assessing the resulting environmental degradation and the availability of basic infrastructure within these areas. The study seeks to address the gap in recent literature to provide a scientific basis for urban planning and administrative intervention.
- Identification of driving factors for informal settlement expansion using principal component analysis (PCA).
- Assessment of environmental impacts such as deforestation, air pollution, and land pollution.
- Evaluation of basic infrastructure provision, including water, electricity, sanitation, and waste management.
- Analysis of the relationship between urban land policy, housing shortages, and informal settlement proliferation.
- Recommendation of curative and preventive strategies for sustainable urban land management.
Excerpt from the Book
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Here on the subtopic statement of the problem are challenges stated as a rationale to conduct a research on the title, Informal settlement Expansion Drivers and the Resulted Environmental Degradation in Dessie City.
On 2008, more than ½ of the world population has lived in urban (GRHS, 2009) and this number is expected to rise to 70 percent on 2050 (WHO, 2014). The projection is for the year between 2007 and 2025 and it regarded under developed regions. In developing regions the yearly population growth is expected 2.27%. Compared to 0.49% of the developed regions it is rapid. In addition to the natural population growth rural-urban migration has a great contribution for urban population increase. For the search of better opportunities and livelihoods through employment in different industries it is continuously that people are migrating to the cities. On the eyes of modernization theory, people are attracted by modernization to urban centers for employment in industries (Martinussen, 1997). However, it creates new IS areas and expands the already existed ones both in the number of inhabitants and areal volume that is occupied. It is because there is a bigger limitation on the number and growth of manufacturing industries and other types of investments in most of the developing countries. Therefore, their economy doesn’t create opportunities and lacks power to absorb all people who migrates to the cities in search of employment and better life. This situation couldn't enable them to lead the city life in a descent houses and it leads to the inevitable result of IS expansion. It leads for the conclusion that in developing countries but not necessarily in developed nations “as cities have expanded, so have the informally developed residential areas” (Karam and Huchzermeyer , 2006:01).
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: This chapter provides the contextual background, problem statement, research questions, and the objectives regarding the study of informal settlements in Dessie City.
2. Related Literature Review: Provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical frameworks regarding informality, environmental concepts, and empirical experiences globally and locally concerning informal settlements.
3. Methodology of the Study: Details the research design, including the mixed-method approach, population sampling, data collection instruments, and the analytical methods used to evaluate the data.
4. Findings and discussions: Presents the analysis of demographic data, identifies the principal components driving informal settlement expansion, and assesses environmental impacts and infrastructural status.
5. Summary of findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations: Synthesizes the core research findings and offers policy recommendations for urban management, land supply, and environmental protection in Dessie City.
Keywords
Informal Settlement, Urbanization, Environmental Degradation, Basic Infrastructure, Land Management, Dessie City, Housing Policy, Sustainability, Land Use, Urban Planning, Deforestation, Waste Management, Socio-Economic Development, Principal Component Analysis, Land Tenure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this dissertation?
This work focuses on the driving factors of informal settlement expansion in Dessie city and examines the direct environmental impacts and the state of basic infrastructural services within these settlements.
What are the primary thematic areas explored in the study?
The study explores urban land policies, housing shortages, environmental degradation (specifically deforestation and air/land pollution), and the deficit of essential infrastructure such as water, electricity, and sanitation.
What is the primary research objective?
The primary objective is to identify the underlying drivers of informal settlement expansion in order to provide input for the city administration to take curative and preventive measures and improve planning.
Which scientific methodology was employed?
The research employed a mixed-method design, incorporating a structured questionnaire survey (quantitative) and key informant interviews along with field observations (qualitative).
What topics are covered in the main body (Chapter 4)?
Chapter 4 analyzes the demographic profiles of informal settlers, applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract the drivers of expansion, and provides an assessment of environmental degradation and infrastructure availability.
What are the characterizing keywords of this research?
The research is characterized by keywords such as Informal Settlement, Urbanization, Environmental Degradation, Basic Infrastructure, Land Management, and Housing Policy.
How does political instability in the region relate to the findings?
The study highlights how political instability and weak administrative focus created a "laissez-faire" environment, which inadvertently allowed for the proliferation of informal settlements as the city struggled to address housing needs.
What role do "push and pull" factors play in the expansion of these settlements?
The study identifies push factors like lack of affordable housing and pull factors like the availability of land sold by local farmers on the urban fringe to low-income households seeking shelter.
How is the environmental degradation measured?
Environmental degradation is assessed through data on forest clearance for residential construction, energy consumption patterns causing air pollution, and the absence of waste management systems leading to land pollution.
What recommendations does the author make for the future of Dessie city?
The author recommends improving the urban cadaster, increasing land supply, encouraging private real estate development, and actively promoting vertical expansion to minimize land and environmental wastage.
- Quote paper
- Fekadu Feleke (Author), 2023, Informal Settlement Expansion Drivers and the Resulted Environmental Degradation in Dessie City, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1370338
