The main objective of this research study is to analyze the experiences of the rebel returnees under reintegration projects of the Municipality of Tubungan specifically Project Tubong-Tubong, and Project ROKIT. The participants of the study were five (5) rebel returnees located of Municipality of Tubungan and enrolled in Project Tubong-Tubong, and Project ROKIT as beneficiaries. This study recommends that the government needs to improve and develop more sustainable projects for rebel returnees. As well as projects centered on education, and skill development that can match the job opportunities that were in demand right now as well as the right skill sets for rebel returnees. In addition, the government should look into building educational institutions for tertiary level or vocational schools in far-flung areas like Municipality of Tubungan with partnerships of the provincial and local government along with the academe in the provincial locality. The government should also look into additional funding for cash assistance and livelihood development of the rebel returnees to avoid financial constraints when the rebel returnees reintegrate to mainstream society.
Armed conflict and insurgency have been a long-standing problem in the Philippines, especially in the concerns of peace and safety of the country. Rebel organizations and the Philippine army are in constant friction with each other. However, there are some members that left and chose to return to a mainstream society where the government offers a lot of welfare programs for them in the form of an integration program. It is imperative that the government will know the experiences of the rebel returnees under the reintegration programs and projects they implement to improve and see what more they can do for the rebel returnees.
Table of Contents
I. Chapter One – INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
B. Epistemological Perspective
C. Additional Micro Theory/ies
D. Statement of the Problem
E. Purpose of Study
F. Significance of the Study
G. Definition of Terms
H. Researcher’s Subjectivity Statement
I. Delimitations of the Study
II. Chapter Two – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. New People’s Army
B. Tubungan: The Counterinsurgency
i. Tubong-Tubong Project
ii. Project ROKIT
C. Rebel Returnees: The Significant Encounters in the Reintegration Programs
i. Local
ii. International
D. Stumbled Situation: Challenges Rebel Returnees Faces
E. Summary of the Literature
III. Chapter Three – RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
B. Methodology
C. Participants of the Study
D. Inclusion Criteria
E. Exclusion Criteria
F. Research Setting
G. Data Collection Procedures and Strategy
H. Before the Interview
I. During the Interview
J. After the Interview
K. Ethical Considerations
L. Data Analysis Procedures
M. Validity and Reliability of the Study
IV. Chapter Four – RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Background of the Participants Overview
i. Participant I
ii. Participants lI
iii. Participants III
iv. Participants IV
v. Participants V
B. Themes
i. Summary of Themes and Subthemes
ii. Theme I. Bridging: Support and Reintegration Program
1. Sub-Theme 1. Economic Reintegration and Livelihood Development
2. Sub-Theme 2. Local Aid Assessment and Career Path
iii. Theme II. Striving: Challenges and Resilience
1. Sub-Theme 1. Coping Strategies and Resilience
2. Sub-Theme 2. Adaptation and Skill Development
iv. Theme III. Lessons for Peacebuilding and Transformation
1. Sub-Theme 1. Shifting Perspective and Values
2. Sub-Theme 2. Importance of Education and Skill Development
V. Chapter Five – CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Summary of the Finding
B. Conclusion
C. Implications of the Study
D. Recommendations
Research Objectives and Thematic Focus
The primary objective of this research is to analyze the living conditions and experiences of rebel returnees within the Municipality of Tubungan, specifically as beneficiaries of the Projects "Tubong-Tubong" and "ROKIT", to evaluate the effectiveness of these reintegration programs and identify areas for improvement.
- Analysis of reintegration experiences and daily living conditions of former rebels.
- Evaluation of government-led livelihood support and economic assistance programs.
- Assessment of psychosocial challenges, coping mechanisms, and resilience strategies.
- Identification of gaps in current reintegration policies regarding education and job opportunities.
- Development of recommendations for sustainable peacebuilding and social reintegration practices.
Excerpt from the Book
Participant 1 a.k.a “Romeo”: A Surrenderee Who Reunited With His Family
Romeo is a 51-year-old male, a surrenderee for almost 3 years already. As a former rebel who spent more than 9 years in the harsh environment of the mountain ranges of Tubungan. He wanted to be reunited with his family especially when he got the news that his son now works in the government and has a peaceful life.
This is the story of Romeo why he surrender:
“Nag intra ma lang ako sa ____ (Organization which he formerly belonged to) kay sa kaimulon…Kang 2011 nag saka ko sa bukid nga ga pang idaron ti kwarentay dos…Nag surrender ako sa gobyerno kang 2020 pa kay gusto ko mag balik sa pamilya ko…kag sa naman-an ko nga ang akon bata nga lalaki sa gobyerno naga obra wara nako nag darwa isip nga mag surrender… isa pa gusto ko man kang tawhay nga pangabuhi imaw ang pamilya ko”.(I joined the movement because of poverty. I was 42 years old when I went up into the mountains in 2011. I surrendered to the government last 2020 because I wanted to be reunited with my family. When I knew that my son was working in the government I did not hesitate to surrender. Lastly, I want to live a peaceful life with my family).
Summary of Chapters
Chapter One – INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the context of local insurgency and the government’s reintegration interventions, outlining the study's purpose, research questions, and the theoretical framework.
Chapter Two – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: This chapter provides an overview of the New People's Army, local counterinsurgency projects in Tubungan, and existing literature on reintegration challenges for former rebels.
Chapter Three – RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: This section details the narrative inquiry qualitative approach, participant selection via purposive sampling, and the procedures used for data collection and thematic analysis.
Chapter Four – RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: This chapter presents the data gathered from participant interviews, categorized into three core themes: support programs, challenges and resilience, and lessons for transformation.
Chapter Five – CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS: This final chapter synthesizes the study's findings and provides practical policy recommendations for local government units, the academe, and future research initiatives.
Keywords
Rebel returnees, Tubong-Tubong Project, Project ROKIT, Reintegration programs, Peacebuilding, Conflict transformation, Livelihood development, Narrative inquiry, Philippine insurgency, Social support, Economic reintegration, Resilience, Government intervention, Community reintegration, Sustainable peace.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research study?
The study investigates the post-surrender life of former rebels in the Municipality of Tubungan, focusing specifically on their experiences as beneficiaries of regional reintegration projects.
What primary reintegration projects are studied?
The research examines the "Project Tubong-Tubong" and "Project ROKIT", which are specific initiatives launched by the local government of Tubungan to support surrenderees.
What is the overarching research question?
The research aims to determine the current living conditions of rebel returnees after they have undergone reintegration processes via these specific local programs.
Which research methodology was utilized?
The researchers employed a qualitative narrative inquiry, conducting face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with five selected rebel returnees to capture their personal stories.
What are the fundamental components of the study's main findings?
The main findings are grouped into three themes: Bridging (support and programs), Striving (challenges and resilience), and Remodeling (lessons for peacebuilding and transformation).
Which keywords categorize this scholarly work?
The work is characterized by terms such as reintegration programs, rebel returnees, Tubong-Tubong Project, conflict transformation, and livelihood development.
How is "narrative inquiry" applied in this context?
Narrative inquiry is used to record the individual experiences of former rebels through chronological accounts, allowing them to describe their transition from an armed movement to mainstream citizenship.
How do the researchers ensure the ethical conduct of the study?
Ethical protocols include participant pseudonymization, informed consent, and ensuring that interviews could be halted if the participants expressed distress or discomfort.
What specific economic challenges do the participants report encountering?
The participants identify the delay in receiving promised cash assistance and the high costs of agricultural inputs (like fertilizer) as their primary financial stressors.
Does the research advocate for a centralized approach to reintegration?
Yes, the participants and researchers suggest that centralizing records and services across relevant agencies like the Army, PNP, and DSWD would reduce the administrative hurdles faced by returnees.
- Citar trabajo
- Anonym (Autor), 2023, The Social Re-integration of Rebel Returnees in the Philippines, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1380610
