The main objective of this study is to investigate the short run and the long run impact of human capital development on economic growth in Ethiopia over the period 1975-2020. The human capital development proxies are education and health expenditures to ratio of GDP, labor force participation and secondary education enrollment ratio, while real GDP per capita is a proxy variable of economic growth. The study applied Johnson Maximum Likelihood co-integration test and error correction mechanism to identify the impact of human capital development on Economic growth both in the long run and short run.
The finding reveal that human capital development proxies (secondary education enrollment rate and public health spending to share of GDP) and labor force exhibit negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long run, while government expenditure on education exhibits positive and significant effect on economic growth in the long run. Hence, education spending is the main contributor of real GDP per capita in the long run. However, health spending did not contribute to human capital development and economic growth in the long run.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3. Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 General Objective
1.3.2. Specific objectives:
1.4 Research Questions
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Scope of the study
1.7. Limitation of the study
1.8. Organization of the paper
1. 9. Operational Definitions and key terms
2. RELATED LETRATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical review
2.1.1 Human capital theory
2.1.2. Endogenous Growth theory and Human capital
2.1.3. Education and Economic growth
2.1.4. Health and economic growth
2.1.5. Rationale Investments on Education and Health
2.1.6. Measuring Human capital Development
2.2. Empirical Literature
2.3. Research gaps
2.4. Conceptual framework
3. OVERVIEW OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION POLICIES IN ETHIOPIA
3.1. Health Policy in Ethiopia
3.2. Education Policy in Ethiopia
3.3. Human capital Development in Ethiopia
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1. Research approach
4.2. Research design
4.3. Data sources
4.4. Model Specification
4.5. Description of variables
4.6. Methods of data Analysis
4.6.2. Econometric Analysis
4.6.2.1. Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) Test
4.6.2.2. Cointegration
4.6.2.3. Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM)
4.7. Diagnostic tests
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1. Descriptive statistic results
5.1.1. Summary of statistics
5.1.2 Trends of Public Spending on Education and Health in Ethiopia.
5.1.3 Trends Life expeactancy and Death rate
5.1.4 Trend of Gross School enrollment rate in Ethiopia
5.1.5. Trends of Real GDP and real GDP Per-capita growth in Ethiopia
5.2. Econometrics estimation procedure
5.2.1 Augmente Dicky Fuller
5.2.2 Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Estimation
5.2.3. Cointegration Test
5.2.4. Vector Error Correction Model
5.2.5. Long run stability test
5.3. Diagonestic tests
5.3.1 Short run Stability tests
5.3.2. Test for Residual Authocorrelation
5.3.3. Test for Residual Normality
5.3.4. Test for heteroskedasticity
5.3.5. Test for omitting variable
5.3.6. Test for Multicollinarity
5.4. Granger Causality Wald test
6. CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION
6.1 Conclusion
6.2. Policy Implications
Research Objectives and Themes
The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of human capital accumulation—specifically through educational and health-related expenditures, labor metrics, and secondary school enrollment—on Ethiopia's economic performance between 1975 and 2020, utilizing a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) approach.
- The role of government spending on education and health as determinants of economic growth.
- Long-run and short-run dynamics between human capital indicators and real GDP per capita.
- Assessment of causal relationships between various human capital proxies and economic development.
- Evaluation of secondary school enrollment trends and their contribution to labor productivity.
- Policy analysis regarding the effectiveness of public expenditure in the health and education sectors in Ethiopia.
Excerpt from the Book
2.1. Theoretical review
Human capital theory's primary premise is that people's learning capacities are of equivalent worth to other resources used in the creation of commodities and services (Lucas 1990). Human capital theory, when applied to businesses, says that individuals who invest in education and training will enhance their skill level and be more productive than those who do not, and hence can justify greater pay as a result of their human capital investment. As Becker (1993) suggests, "schooling raises earnings and productivity mainly by providing knowledge, skills, and a way of analyzing problems. Moreover, Becker’s idea plays an important role in contemporary employee development and learning literature, as human capital theory fuels the idea that employees’ knowledge and skills can be developed through putting money towards education or training, i.e., learning (Acemoglu and Pischke 1999).
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: Outlines the historical background of human capital in Ethiopia, presents the problem statement regarding limited human development indicators, and defines the research objectives.
2. RELATED LETRATURE REVIEW: Discusses theoretical foundations like the Endogenous Growth theory and reviews existing empirical studies on the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
3. OVERVIEW OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION POLICIES IN ETHIOPIA: Examines the development of health and education policy frameworks in Ethiopia across different administrative regimes.
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Details the quantitative research approach, diagnostic tests used, and the model specifications including VECM equations for analyzing the relationship between variables.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Presents findings from descriptive statistics, trend analyses of economic indicators, and the econometric estimation results from the VAR and VECM models.
6. CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION: Summarizes the study's conclusions, highlighting the long-run significance of education spending and providing policy recommendations for enhancing human capital-led economic growth.
Keywords
Human capital, Economic growth, Vector Autoregressive, VECM model, Ethiopia, Education expenditure, Health spending, Real GDP, Secondary school enrollment, Labor force, Causality, Long-run impact, Short-run dynamics, Policy implications, Public expenditure.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The study focuses on evaluating how various aspects of human capital development, specifically public spending on education and health and labor metrics, influence economic growth in Ethiopia over the period of 1975 to 2020.
What are the primary themes addressed in the work?
The work explores the significance of educational attainment, health expenditures as a share of GDP, and labor force dynamics as drivers of economic expansion.
What is the main goal or research question?
The primary goal is to analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of human capital development on economic growth and to identify the direction of causality between these variables.
Which methodology is employed?
The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing Johansen Maximum Likelihood cointegration tests and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) estimation within a VAR framework.
What does the main body cover?
The main body reviews existing literature, provides a comprehensive overview of Ethiopia's health and education policies, details the econometric methodology, discusses descriptive statistics and trends, and reports the findings of the model tests.
What are the characterizing keywords?
Key terms include Human capital, Economic growth, VECM model, Ethiopia, and public expenditure.
How is human capital development measured in this model?
Human capital development is measured using proxies such as government expenditure on education and health as a ratio of GDP, gross secondary school enrollment rates, and labor force growth.
What is the author's key finding regarding education spending?
The study finds that government expenditure on education has a positive and significant impact on real GDP per capita in the long run, serving as a primary contributor to economic performance.
- Citar trabajo
- Mekonnen Atale (Autor), 2022, The Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Ethiopia. Vector Autoregressive Approach, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1383468
