In this experimental analysis of heat transfer variation and its enhancement of the dropped and circular shapes, staggered pin fin heat sink under constant heat flux condition are presented through a conducted experimental comparison between aluminium, stainless steel and iron materials with circular and dropped shaped pin fins.
A pin fin is fabricated from heat sink aluminium (Aluminium-Magnesium-Silicon Alloy), Stainless steel and ferrous material with a diameter of 10 mm. The Base plate is also same material and fins are mounted on a base plate with the help of a thread. Various trials were conducted on each material for choosing the best materials for more heat transfer. Also, to choose which is the best shape of pin fins i.e. circular or dropped for enhancing maximum heat transfer. Also, trials were conducted to find out from forced convection from 2D or 1D which is more capable to transferring heat transfer and therefore to choose the best flow of heat transfer model. The total comparison between circular and dropped shaped pin fins was performed in this experimental analysis. Finally the results were validated by using ANSYS R14.5 simulation tool.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Modes of Heat Transfer
1.1.1 Conduction
1.1.2 Convection
1.1.3 Natural convection
1.1.4 Forced convection
1.1.5 Radiation
1.2 Pin fins
1.3 Types of pin fins
1.4 Problem statement
1.5 Objectives
1.6 Scope
1.7 Organization of dissertation
1.8 Methodology
2. Literature Review
3. Design and Analysis
3.1 List of component
3.2 Selection of material for pin fin
3.2.1 List of metals
3.2.2 Aluminium and its alloy
3.3 Ferrous metals and its alloy
3.4 Ferrous metals list and their types and properties
3.4.1 Pig iron
3.4.2 Grey pig iron
3.4.3 White pig iron
3.4.4 Bessemer pig iron
3.4.5 Cast iron
3.4.6 Grey cast iron
3.4.7 White cast iron
3.4.8 Malleable cast iron
3.5 Stainless steel and its alloy
3.6 Thermo physical properties for selected materials
3.7 Design of component
3.7.1 Base plate
3.7.2 Pin fin array
3.7.3 Duct
3.8 Selection of component
3.9 Pin Fin Array Modelling by Using PTC Creo 3.0
3.9.1 Test plate model number -01
3.9.2 Test plate model number -02
3.9.3 Test plate model number -03
3.9.4 Test plate model number -04
3.9.5 Test plate model number -05
3.9.6 Test plate model number -06
4. Experimental work
4.1 Layout of model
4.2 Experimental setup
4.3 Installation procedure
4.4 Experimental procedure
4.5 Pin fin sample
4.6 Test plate models
4.6.1 Test plate model 01
4.6.2 Test plate model 02
4.6.3 Test plate model 03
4.6.4 Test plate model 04
4.6.5 Test plate model 05
4.6.6 Test plate model 06
4.7 Sample calculations
4.7.1 Heat transfer rate (Q) calculation
4.7.2 Discharge of air through orifice (Qa) Calculation
4.7.3 Mass flow rate (m) calculation
4.7.4 Coefficient of convective heat transfer (h) calculation
4.7.5 Surface area (as) calculation
4.7.6 Nusselt number calculation (nu)
4.8 Process sheets
4.9 Observation tables
4.10 Average temperature of fins
5. Numerical Analysis
5.1 CFD simulation of circular and dropped Shaped Fins
5.1.1 Basic assumptions
5.2 CFD procedure
5.2.1 Geometric creation
5.2.2 Grid generation
5.2.3 Solver set-up
5.3 Result analysis
5.3.1 Result for aluminium material
5.3.2 Result for stainless-steel material
5.3.3 Result for iron material
5.4 Graphs for Various Parameter Comparisons
5.4.1 Graphs for actual heat transfer rate
5.4.2 Graphs for convective heat transfer coefficient
5.4.3 Graphs for Nusselt number
5.4.4 Graphs for dropped shape pin fin
5.5 Temperature contour
5.5.1 Temperature contour for aluminium material in circular and dropped shape
5.5.2 Temperature contour for stainless steel material in circular and dropped shape
5.5.3 Temperature contour for iron material in circular and dropped shape
5.6 Validation of data
6. Project Cost Sheet
7. Conclusions and Future Scope
7.1 Future scope
7.2 Conclusion
7.3 Applications
Research Objectives and Topics
The research focuses on the experimental and numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in staggered pin fin heat sinks under forced convection. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of circular and dropped-shaped pin fins made from aluminium, iron, and stainless steel in both 1D and 2D flow conditions to identify the optimal shape and material for maximizing heat dissipation.
- Experimental and numerical comparison of heat transfer rates for different fin materials.
- Evaluation of circular versus dropped-shaped pin fin geometries for thermal efficiency.
- Analysis of 1D and 2D forced convection air impingement performance on pin fin arrays.
- Validation of experimental results using ANSYS R14.5 simulation tools.
- Investigation of pressure drop and Nusselt number as performance metrics for thermal management.
Excerpt from the Book
1.2 Pin Fins
Pin fins are used to increase heat transfer from heated surfaces to air. Industrial experience has shown that for the same surface area, pin fins can transfer considerably more energy than straight fins. The analysis of a single pin fin is well known. However, when fins are placed in an array, the convective patterns become interrelated, and the resulting heat transfer coefficient has not been predicted. This investigation suggests that the most important geometric parameter influencing the heat transfer from pin fin arrays is the ratio of the fin diameter to the center-to-center spacing. From our measurements and other available experimental data, we developed an empirical model that predicts the performance of pin fin arrays for a wide range of Rayleigh numbers and geometries. The experimental results indicate that a pin fin array performs better than a plate fin array under the same conditions, and the best performance occurs when the ratio of fin diameter to center-to-center spacing is about 22mm.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Provides an overview of heat transfer modes, the role of pin fins, problem statement, research objectives, and the organization of the dissertation.
2. Literature Review: Summarizes previous research on heat transfer enhancement using various fin geometries, materials, and perforation techniques under forced and natural convection.
3. Design and Analysis: Details the selection of materials (Aluminium, Stainless Steel, Iron) and the components used for the experimental test rig, including modeling specifications.
4. Experimental work: Describes the design of the experimental setup, installation procedures, and data collection methods for the various test plate models under different operating conditions.
5. Numerical Analysis: Covers the CFD simulation process using ANSYS R14.5, including grid generation, boundary conditions, and the comparative results between experimental data and numerical models.
6. Project Cost Sheet: Itemizes the costs associated with all components and materials used to build the experimental test setup.
7. Conclusions and Future Scope: Concludes the findings regarding heat transfer efficiency and flow configurations while outlining potential future improvements such as perforation slot design and material variations.
Keywords
Heat Transfer, Pin Fins, Forced Convection, Aluminium, Stainless Steel, Iron, Circular Shape, Dropped Shape, CFD, ANSYS, Nusselt Number, Thermal Conductivity, Air Impingement, Thermal Efficiency, Heat Sink
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on enhancing thermal heat dissipation in electronic and mechanical systems by optimizing the geometry (circular vs. dropped) and material properties of pin fin heat sinks under forced convection.
What are the primary themes investigated?
The key themes include the impact of fin geometry on convective heat transfer, the comparison of material thermal conductivity, the effect of air impingement (1D vs 2D), and numerical validation of experimental data.
What is the main goal of this study?
The primary goal is to identify the best pin fin shape and material combination that provides maximum, uniform heat transfer rate across the entire fin array, validated through experimental trials and CFD simulations.
Which scientific methods are applied?
The study uses an experimental approach involving a fabricated test rig with controlled air flow and heat flux, combined with numerical analysis using ANSYS Fluent (CFD) to predict temperature contours and heat transfer coefficients.
What topics are discussed in the main chapters?
The main part of the work encompasses material selection, detailed design of the test rig components, experimental procedures, data calculation for Nusselt numbers and heat transfer rates, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
Which keywords define this work?
Key terms include Heat Transfer, Pin Fins, Forced Convection, Aluminium, Stainless Steel, Iron, Circular Shape, Dropped Shape, CFD, Thermal Efficiency, and Heat Sink.
How is the dropped-shaped design superior to circular fins?
The study concludes that the dropped-shape pin fin increases the surface contact area with the airflow and delays flow separation, which reduces friction drag and enhances the overall heat transfer rate compared to traditional circular pins.
Why are 1D and 2D flows compared?
The 2D air impingement approach is evaluated against 1D flow because it generates higher turbulence, which helps achieve a more uniform heat transfer distribution across the pin fin array.
How was the data validated?
The experimental outcomes, such as temperature readings at the inlet, outlet, and base plate, were validated by comparing them with computational results generated via the ANSYS R14.5 CFD simulation tool.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Nishigandh Gorade (Autor:in), 2018, Stagerred dropped and circular Pin Fins in 1D and 2D forced convection, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1401560
