In 1900 Bernard Shaw completed the difficult task of drafting the Fabian’s society position in the manifest Fabianism and the Empire. The society’s progressive program advocated for socialist values, social justice and women rights. Against the background of these modern and leftist values though, the society’s position on imperialism is somehow astonishing. One of the motives for its supportive stand on imperialism lies in the yet valid division they made between domestic and international politics. Edward Pease’s The History of the Fabian society addresses the international system, for example under terms of efficiency and colonialism. According to him “the only valid moral right to national … possession is that the occupier is making adequate use of it for the benefit of the world community.” From the “International Socialist point of view” national sovereignty and noninterference are not acceptable and the world must strive for an “international civilization” according to socialist merits. Pease as well as Bernard Shaw in Fabianism and the Empire accept colonialism as a fact and furthermore they illustrate the Great Powers’ advance as colonizers “only [as] a question of time.” Their exclusive focus was the benefit of the British Empire without a minimal consideration of the dignity or the right to self-determination of the people the British were occupying and exploiting. “As for parliamentary institutions for native races, that dream has been disposed of ... [t]hey are as useless to them as a dynamo to a Caribbean.” Following this theoretical background, the ensuing paper will focus on the British colonial policy in Sudan. Edward Shaw points out two possible “imperial policies” of which the second is “a bureaucratic policy where the majority consists of colored natives.” This illustrates one of the policies the British attempted to implement in Sudan after their conquest of 1899. This paper will analyze various approaches of the British administrative in Sudan, as Indirect Rule and Native Administration. Beyond it, it will address the policy’s aims and actual results with which the Sudanese had to cope and which still interfere greatly in the daily reality of Sudan. It will try to draw connection between the actual situation in Sudan, and especially in Darfur, and the colonial legacy of the British policies.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- British Colonial Policy in Sudan
- Early Military Rule and the Suppression of Mahdism
- Indirect Rule and Native Administration
- Analysis of Indirect Rule
- Consequences and Legacy
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper aims to analyze the British colonial policy in Sudan, focusing on its implementation and lasting consequences. It examines the relationship between the colonial administration's objectives and the realities experienced by the Sudanese population. The analysis specifically focuses on the impact of specific policies such as Indirect Rule and Native Administration.
- The British colonial administration's approach to governance in Sudan.
- The implementation and effects of Indirect Rule and Native Administration.
- The impact of colonial policies on Sudanese tribal structures and social dynamics.
- The connection between British colonial policies and present-day realities in Sudan.
- The long-term legacy of British colonialism in Sudan.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
British Colonial Policy in Sudan: This chapter sets the stage for the subsequent analysis by outlining the historical context of British involvement in Sudan following the conquest of 1899. It introduces the key policies under scrutiny: Indirect Rule and Native Administration. The chapter highlights the initial period of military rule driven by the fear of a Mahdist resurgence, and the attempts to suppress any religious or social institution associated with the Mahdist movement. This initial suppression eventually gave way to a more pragmatic approach, utilizing existing tribal structures for administrative control. The chapter underscores the inherent tension between the stated aims of the colonial administration and the actual consequences for the Sudanese population.
Analysis of Indirect Rule: This section delves into a detailed examination of Indirect Rule as implemented in Sudan. It discusses the motivations behind adopting this approach, including cost-effectiveness and the perceived suitability of pre-existing tribal hierarchies for governance. The chapter analyzes the evolution of Indirect Rule from its initial implementation through ordinances and policies that granted increasing power to tribal leaders. A key argument explored is the corruption of traditional tribal authority by the British, shifting the power dynamic from internal clan relationships to dependence on the colonial administration. The chapter also considers the counterarguments and the limitations of applying the Indirect Rule model to the Sudanese context, given the pre-existing centralized administrations under Turco-Egyptian and Mahdist rule.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
British Colonialism, Sudan, Indirect Rule, Native Administration, Mahdism, Tribal Structures, Colonial Legacy, Decolonization, Postcolonial Sudan, Darfur.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview of British Colonial Policy in Sudan
What is the purpose of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive preview of a paper analyzing British colonial policy in Sudan. It includes the table of contents, objectives and key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords.
What topics are covered in the document?
The document covers British colonial policy in Sudan, focusing on the implementation and consequences of Indirect Rule and Native Administration. It examines the relationship between colonial objectives and the experiences of the Sudanese population, analyzing the impact on tribal structures and social dynamics, and exploring the connection between colonial policies and present-day realities in Sudan.
What are the key themes explored in the analysis?
Key themes include the British colonial administration's approach to governance, the implementation and effects of Indirect Rule and Native Administration, the impact on Sudanese tribal structures and social dynamics, the long-term legacy of British colonialism, and the connection between colonial policies and present-day Sudan.
What is the structure of the main body of the work?
The main body is structured into chapters covering: an introduction, British Colonial Policy in Sudan (including early military rule and the suppression of Mahdism and Indirect Rule and Native Administration), an analysis of Indirect Rule, and finally, the consequences and legacy of British rule in Sudan.
What are the key aspects of the "British Colonial Policy in Sudan" chapter?
This chapter provides the historical context of British involvement in Sudan post-1899, introducing Indirect Rule and Native Administration. It details the initial military rule and suppression of Mahdism, followed by the shift towards utilizing existing tribal structures. The inherent tension between stated aims and actual consequences for the Sudanese is highlighted.
What does the "Analysis of Indirect Rule" chapter focus on?
This chapter provides a detailed examination of Indirect Rule in Sudan, exploring its motivations (cost-effectiveness and suitability of pre-existing hierarchies), its evolution through ordinances and policies, and the corruption of traditional tribal authority by the British. It also considers counterarguments and limitations of applying this model to the Sudanese context.
What are the key words associated with this analysis?
Key words include: British Colonialism, Sudan, Indirect Rule, Native Administration, Mahdism, Tribal Structures, Colonial Legacy, Decolonization, Postcolonial Sudan, and Darfur.
What is the overall objective of the paper?
The paper aims to analyze British colonial policy in Sudan, focusing on its implementation and lasting consequences. It examines the relationship between the colonial administration's objectives and the realities experienced by the Sudanese population.
- Quote paper
- Sophie Duhnkrack (Author), 2009, Sudan - An Analysis of the British Colonial Policy and its Legacy, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/141506
