The aim of the present research work was to formulate, develop and characterize topical antifungal nanolipogel using hundred-times-washed cow ghee base known as shatadhautaghrita. It is used as a permeation enhancer to increase the permeation rate of fluconazole. Nine formulations of nanolipogel were prepared using different concentrations of carbopol and shatadhautaghrita. The optimized batch of nanolipogel (formulation F7) was evaluated for pH, percentage yield, drug content, extrudability, rheology. The consistency, spreadability and formation of nanosize particles were assessed through texture profile analysis and zetasizer.
Fluconazole (FLZ) is an antifungal agent used mainly in topical formulations to treat various skin disorders such as oropharyngeal candidiasis, cryptoccocal meningitis and cutaneous dermatophyte infections. FLZ is a synthetic triazole derivative that acts as an antifungal. FLZ preferentially inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation.
Shatadhautaghrita(SDG) is used as a natural permeation enhancer in topical products. It is prepared by washing cow ghee 100 times with water.shatadhautaghrita is (shata = one hundred, dhauta = washed) clarified butter fat that has been washed 100 times. The use of shatadhautaghrita in managing conditions such as burns, chicken pox, scars, wounds, herpes, leprosy and other skin diseases and as a vehicle for drugs for external application are mentioned in traditional texts. The characteristic odour and granular, oily consistency of cow ghee are not present in shatadhautaghrita, and so it is a homogeneous, smooth, non-oily product that is easier to apply. The neutral pH of shatadhautaghrita compared with the acidic pH value of ghee makes shatadhautaghrita beneficial by preventing skin irritation. The reduced particle size of shatadhautaghrita makes the product non-granular, non-sticky and homogeneous, which makes it easy to apply it on the skin and may result in an increased rate of absorption through the skin. Washing results in a homogeneous oil-in-water emulsion with better consistency and viscosity, which makes it suitable for use in topical applications.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Materials And Methods
2.1 Preparation of ShataDhautaGhrita
2.2 Preparation of Nanolipogel
3. Characterization of ShataDhautaGhrita and Nanolipogel
3.1 Drug–excipients compatibility studies
3.1.1 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
3.1.2 Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR)
3.2 Physical examination
3.3 pH determination
3.4 Percentage yield
3.5 Drug content
3.6 Tube extrudability
3.7 Rheological study
3.8 Texture profile analysis
3.9 Spreadability test
3.10 Particle size
3.11 In-vitro drug release study
3.12 Ex-vivo drug permeation study
3.13 Antifungal activity study
4. Results
4.1 Drug–excipient compatibility studies
4.1.1 DSC
4.1.2 FTIR
4.2 Physical examination
4.3 Percentage Yeild
4.4 Rheological study
4.5 Texture profile analysis
4.6 Spreadability test
4.7 Particle size
4.8 In-vitro drug release study
4.9 Release kinetics
4.10 Ex-vivo drug permeation study
4.11 Release kinetics
4.12 Antifungal activity study
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Research Objectives and Themes
This research aims to formulate, develop, and characterize a topical antifungal nanolipogel using shatadhautaghrita, a hundred-times-washed cow ghee base, as a natural permeation enhancer for fluconazole to improve drug delivery efficacy.
- Formulation and optimization of novel antifungal nanolipogels.
- Evaluation of the role of shatadhautaghrita as a permeation enhancer.
- Physicochemical characterization, including rheology and texture profile analysis.
- Assessment of in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation performance.
- Comparative analysis of antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans.
Excerpt from the Book
Preparation of Nanolipogel
Carbopol 934P and purified water were taken in a beaker, and the Carbopol 934P was allowed to soak for 24 hours. Fluconazole was dissolved in propylene glycol and added to the above solution. Other excipients (methylparaben and propylparaben) were also added. The pH value of the gels was brought to skin pH using triethanolamine. The final weight of the gel was adjusted to 100 g with purified water. After this gel base was prepared, the shatadhautaghrita was added with continuous stirring. Nine nanolipogel formulations were prepared using different concentrations of Carbopol and shatadhautaghrita. These formulations were evaluated on the basis of physical stability and phase separation.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Covers the pharmacological context of fluconazole and the traditional and pharmaceutical benefits of using shatadhautaghrita as a permeation enhancer in topical drug systems.
Materials And Methods: Describes the materials sourced and the specific laboratory procedures for the preparation of shatadhautaghrita and the subsequent nanolipogel formulations.
Characterization of ShataDhautaGhrita and Nanolipogel: Outlines the scientific methodologies used to test compatibility, physical properties, rheology, and release profiles of the formulations.
Results: Reports the experimental findings regarding physical stability, DSC/FTIR data, rheological behavior, and the performance metrics of the optimized formulation (F7).
Discussion: Synthesizes the results, interpreting how the addition of shatadhautaghrita successfully enhanced the drug release and overall stability of the nanolipogel compared to commercial versions.
Conclusions: Summarizes that the developed nanolipogel with shatadhautaghrita is a superior approach for topical delivery of poorly permeable drugs like fluconazole.
Keywords
Topical nanolipogel, shatadhautaghrita, fluconazole, permeation, particle size, carbopol, rheology, drug release, antifungal activity, Candida albicans, skin delivery, pharmaceutical formulation, analytical characterization.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research?
The research focuses on the development and characterization of a topical antifungal nanolipogel using shatadhautaghrita to improve the delivery and efficacy of fluconazole.
What are the central themes of the work?
The central themes include pharmaceutical formulation development, the use of natural permeation enhancers, and the analytical evaluation of drug delivery performance.
What is the main research goal?
The goal is to increase the permeation rate of fluconazole, a Class III drug with poor permeability, by incorporating it into a nanolipogel base containing shatadhautaghrita.
Which scientific methodology was utilized?
The study employed various characterization techniques including DSC, FTIR, texture profile analysis, rheological studies, Franz diffusion cell tests for in-vitro/ex-vivo release, and agar well diffusion for antifungal testing.
What is covered in the main section of the paper?
The paper covers the preparation methods, rigorous physical and chemical characterization of the formulations, and the evaluation of release kinetics and efficacy against fungal strains.
Which keywords characterize this paper?
Key terms include topical nanolipogel, shatadhautaghrita, permeability enhancement, fluconazole, and rheological characterization.
Why was shatadhautaghrita chosen as a base?
It was chosen for its ability to act as a natural permeation enhancer, its neutral pH which prevents skin irritation, and its homogeneous texture compared to raw cow ghee.
How did the optimized batch compare to commercial alternatives?
The optimized batch (F7) showed superior drug release performance (80.50%) and greater antifungal activity as indicated by a wider zone of inhibition compared to the commercial formulation.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Unnati Patel (Autor:in), 2019, Formulation, Development and Textural Characterization of Nano-Engineering Strategy Assisted Topical Antifungal Nanolipogel, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1417665
