This paper's goal is to give a concise overview of the various development streams that have led to the current status of the UGV area. Any piece of mechanized equipment that moves on the ground and is used to carry or transport something, but expressly does not carry a human body is considered a UGV in the broadest "dictionary" sense.
Unmanned Vehicles are the common part of Military campaigns that reduce the load of soldiers. UVs (Unmanned vehicles) equipped with sensors, sonar, cameras and various algorithms provide real-time information which is helpful for the commanders to take quick decisions. Also, they provide access to the inaccessible areas in the enemy’s territory. They are used in search operations as well as in the rescue operations. They provide day and night vision which is fed to their artificial intelligence pre-trained algorithms that predicts the output to give information. Multiple robots can be combined to increase their working efficiency in the adverse environments.
Unmanned vehicles are ones that are in close proximity to the ground and run without the assistance of a human operator. The sensors on Unmanned Ground Vehicles comprise the operating system for research and rescue. The robot is a significant entity in this context because it can mimic team characteristics like collaboration and communication while acting independently and intelligently. UGVs are more efficient in combating terrorism and in remote locations. Unmanned Ground Vehicles help and enhance the front-line soldier positions. This robot's ability is mostly contingent on keeping the soldiers safe or, at the absolute least, reducing the amount of casualties sustained during combat.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. History of UGVs
2.1 World-war I
2.2 World-war II
3. Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs)
4. Classification of UGVs
4.1 Wheeled vehicle
4.2 Tracked vehicle
4.3 Bio inspired robot
5. Military Drones
5.1 Roles of UGVs in military
5.2 Skydio X2D
5.3 DRDO Daksh
5.4 Enhanced Collaborative Autonomous Rover System (ECARS)
6. Intelligent Spy Robots
7. Swarm Robotics
8. Unmanned Marine Vehicles (UMVs)
8.1 Application of USVs
8.2 UUVs
8.3 Applications of UUVs
8.4 The fundamental components of UUVs
9. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
9.1 Model Training Process and Dataset
10. Conclusion
11. Future Scope
Research Objectives and Core Topics
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technological evolution and military utility of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). It investigates how integrated sensors, AI algorithms, and swarm robotics enhance combat efficiency, optimize reconnaissance, and improve safety for ground forces in complex environments.
- Technological development and historical progression of unmanned ground vehicles.
- Integration of AI and machine learning for object detection (YOLOv5) and facial recognition (LBPH).
- Operational classifications of robots, including wheeled, tracked, and bio-inspired systems.
- Collaborative use of multi-domain unmanned systems (UAVs, USVs, UUVs) in modern combat scenarios.
- Case studies on specialized defense robots such as the DRDO Daksh and ECARS.
Extract from the Book
Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs)
Self-governing terrestrial vehicles Self-controlled robots, commonly referred to as unmanned ground vehicles, or UGVs, are valuable in military settings, but there is a growing need for yearly robot UGVs that can combat terrorism and operate in distant regions more successfully. Many investigations in key global locations have been carried out in order to develop this prototype, which performs better in military operations and counterterrorism. These UGVs are used for military operations, border patrols, surveillance, and patrols. This UGV has two main modes of operation: automated, or self-operation, and manual, or human interaction. [7]
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides a concise overview of the development streams governing the current UGV landscape and the basic definition of non-human-carrying ground equipment.
History of UGVs: Outlines the origins of unmanned technology from the Soviet Teletank to the breakthroughs achieved during World War I and World War II.
Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs): Defines the operational modes and primary utility of self-governing terrestrial robots in modern military and counter-terrorism missions.
Classification of UGVs: Categorizes robotic platforms into wheels, tracks, and bio-inspired designs, detailing their specific mobility capabilities and limitations.
Military Drones: Examines the impact of drones on command and control, while spotlighting specific deployments like the Skydio X2D, DRDO Daksh, and the ECARS platform.
Intelligent Spy Robots: Discusses the integration of personal computers, wireless networks, and night-vision capabilities to enable remote surveillance and targeting.
Swarm Robotics: Explores the concept of multi-agent collaboration modeled after social insects to increase operational range and resilience in complex terrain.
Unmanned Marine Vehicles (UMVs): Details the deployment of USVs and UUVs in mine warfare, long-range reconnaissance, and maritime security operations.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Explains the use of convolutional neural networks, specifically the YOLOv5 model, for effective object detection in military and aerial applications.
Conclusion: Synthesizes how sensor-fused AI and swarm tactics significantly reduce the burden on soldiers while enhancing strategic information delivery.
Future Scope: Suggests the further advancement of AI algorithms and collective behavior coordination to improve performance in high-stake scenarios.
Keywords
UGVs, Unmanned Vehicles, Swarm Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, YOLOv5, LBPH, Military Drones, UUVs, USVs, Machine Learning, Surveillance, Counterterrorism, Autonomous Systems, Robotics, Defense Technology.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this paper?
This paper examines the developmental status and military utility of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and their integration with AI and swarm technology.
Which domains are covered regarding unmanned vehicles?
The work covers land-based (UGVs), aerial (UAVs), and marine (USVs, UUVs) unmanned systems.
What is the core objective of using these robotic systems?
The primary goals are to reduce the physical load on soldiers, minimize casualties in combat, and provide real-time reconnaissance in inaccessible areas.
Which specific AI models are discussed in the implementation?
The researchers focus on YOLOv5 for object detection and the LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) algorithm for facial recognition and mission efficiency.
How is the operation of these robots managed?
These robots generally function through a combination of automated (self-operation) and manual (human-interaction) modes via wireless networks.
What distinguishes this paper's analysis of swarm robotics?
It highlights the transition from single-platform monitoring to multi-domain, interconnected heterogeneous swarms that adapt autonomously to environmental conditions.
Can you explain the significance of the DRDO Daksh mentioned in the text?
The DRDO Daksh is a specialized multi-functional anti-terror robot capable of diffusing IEDs, scanning luggage with X-rays, and operating in hazardous environments.
What is the role of ECARS in border security?
The Enhanced Collaborative Autonomous Rover System (ECARS) is designed for border safeguarding, with the ability to carry heavy payloads and respond independently to threats.
Why are tracked vehicles sometimes preferred over wheeled ones?
Tracked vehicles offer better weight distribution for improved friction and adhesion, allowing them to traverse uneven or soft terrain where wheeled robots might struggle.
What are the identified future research directions?
Future research is aimed at advancing AI algorithms and creating more collaborative coordination in swarming movements to ensure performance in high-stake, asymmetric information settings.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Hardik Modi (Autor:in), Diya Gangurde (Autor:in), Vanshika Jain (Autor:in), Dharmendra Chauhan (Autor:in), Sagarkumar Patel (Autor:in), Unmanned Ground Vehicles: Comprehensive study of UGVs in Military Applications and Swarm Robotics, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1458190
