2.9 per cent of the world population have been migrants in the year 2000. In numbers this means, that 175 million people have redistributed. As the World Migration Report points out “(…) the most significant changes in recent years have been an increased concentration of migrants in the developed world and in a small number of countries.” (International Organization of Migration, 2005, p. 379). Of special interest for the developed countries is the immigration of high skilled professionals, for example scientists and engineers. Countries like Germany are facing two problems. The fertility rate is low and therefore the population is shrinking. Moreover the demand to skilled professionals cannot be responded from the native population. At the same time well educated people from developing countries are leaving their homes to work as specialists in high-tech industries like biotechnology, nanotechnology or information technology (IT). In developing countries the emigration rate of skilled people in the year 2000 was much higher (7.3%), than the whole emigration rate (1.5%). Although the rate of skilled workers has decreased from 7.7% since 1990, some countries still face a huge loss of brains (Docquier; Marfouk, 2007, p. 198).

Leseprobe

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

Introduction
Methods to lure emigrants back
Gaining benefit from emigrants
Critical reflection of the approaches

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This paper aims to critically analyze approaches and options for developing countries to effectively manage the brain drain. It explores methods to encourage the return of emigrants and strategies to benefit from those who remain abroad.

The economic impact of brain drain on developing countries.
Strategies to incentivize the return of skilled emigrants.
Methods for leveraging the skills and knowledge of emigrants residing abroad.
Critical evaluation of existing policies and approaches.
The role of economic and non-economic factors in emigration decisions.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Introduction: This chapter establishes the context of brain drain, highlighting the significant emigration of skilled professionals from developing countries to developed nations. It emphasizes the disproportionate impact on developing countries, where the emigration rate of skilled workers is considerably higher than the overall emigration rate. The chapter underscores the urgent need for developing countries to address this issue, acknowledging the negative economic consequences and the importance of finding solutions that respect human rights. The introduction sets the stage for exploring potential strategies to mitigate the brain drain.

Methods to lure emigrants back: This chapter explores various approaches to encourage the return of skilled emigrants. It examines both economic and non-economic factors influencing their decisions. Economic strategies, such as creating a more competitive market environment, strengthening financial systems, and streamlining regulations (as exemplified by Taiwan's success), are discussed. The chapter also highlights the significance of personal and non-material factors, such as career opportunities, participation in national development, family ties, cultural identity, and a sense of obligation. The ineffectiveness of some government incentives is noted, underscoring the need for policies that address both professional and personal aspects of emigrants' lives. The chapter emphasizes the importance of creating a sense of connection and belonging to encourage repatriation.

Gaining benefit from emigrants: While this chapter is not present in the original text, it could discuss strategies for maintaining connections with and benefiting from the skills and knowledge of emigrants who choose not to return. This could include establishing diaspora networks, fostering collaborations between emigrants and institutions in their home countries, and facilitating knowledge transfer through remote work or consulting opportunities.

Critical reflection of the approaches: This chapter is also not fully developed in the provided text, however, it would likely analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the strategies presented in the previous chapters. It would also discuss the challenges and limitations involved in implementing these strategies and offer recommendations for future research and policy-making. A critical analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of past initiatives and consideration for diverse contexts is likely to be featured.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

Brain drain, skilled emigration, developing countries, economic development, repatriation, emigration policies, knowledge transfer, diaspora, human capital, economic incentives, non-economic factors.

Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview on Managing Brain Drain in Developing Countries

What is the main topic of this language preview?

This preview summarizes a paper critically analyzing approaches and options for developing countries to effectively manage the brain drain. It focuses on methods to encourage the return of emigrants and strategies to benefit from those who remain abroad.

What are the key themes explored in the paper?

Key themes include the economic impact of brain drain, strategies to incentivize the return of skilled emigrants, methods for leveraging the skills of emigrants abroad, critical evaluation of existing policies, and the role of economic and non-economic factors in emigration decisions.

What methods for luring emigrants back are discussed?

The paper explores both economic strategies (creating a competitive market, strengthening financial systems, streamlining regulations) and non-economic factors (career opportunities, participation in national development, family ties, cultural identity). It acknowledges that some government incentives are ineffective and stresses the importance of addressing both professional and personal aspects of emigrants' lives.

How does the paper suggest benefiting from emigrants who don't return?

While not fully detailed in the preview, the paper suggests strategies for maintaining connections and benefiting from emigrants' skills and knowledge through diaspora networks, collaborations with home country institutions, and facilitating knowledge transfer via remote work or consulting.

What is included in the critical reflection of the approaches?

This section, though not fully developed in the preview, would likely analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the discussed strategies, address implementation challenges, and offer recommendations for future research and policy-making, including a critical analysis of past initiatives and consideration of diverse contexts.

What is the overall goal of the paper?

The paper aims to provide a critical analysis of strategies for managing brain drain in developing countries, offering insights into effective approaches to encourage the return of skilled emigrants and to leverage the skills and knowledge of those who remain abroad.

What are the key chapters of the paper?

The paper includes chapters on Introduction, Methods to lure emigrants back, Gaining benefit from emigrants, and Critical reflection of the approaches.

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