In this term paper the author discusses US race relations under the aspect of “affirmative action”. Under the influence of the civil rights movement African-Americans and white liberals managed to achieve a breakthrough in civil rights legislation in the 1960s. This became the foundation of administrative measures that were intended to get minorities into business, civil service and colleges. These are called “affirmative action”. The policy, designed to achieve equal opportunities for blacks, is itself ambiguous as the law prohibits discrimination ad preferential treatment of any US citizen. The author focuses on this dilemma. First she defines what affirmative action is, what its purpose is and to what extend it can lead to preferential treatment. Then a look is taken at the history of African-Americans since the end of slavery in the 19th century. This is inevitable to understand the intentions and goals of the civil rights activism of the 1950s and 1960s. Chapter four focuses on the pros and cons of affirmative action. One the one hand the author explores philosophical, legal and social arguments for the advancement of blacks. On the other hand she analyses legal criticism of affirmative action and the argument of “reverse discrimination”. Finally, the author explains why the US still needs affirmative action and how it can be revised.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Affirmative Action: Dealing with Diversity
3 History of Affirmative Action Politics concerning African-Americans: From Civil Rights Movement to Civil Rights Act of 1964
3.1 Situation of African- Americans in the 1950s..
3.2 Legal foundations: The beginning of affirmative action under President Lyndon B. Johnson
4 Affirmative Action: essential policy for social inclusion or “reverse discrimination”?
4.1 Political arguments and Legal Aspects for implementing Affirmative Action.
4.2 The socio-economic argument for Affirmative Action.
4.3 4.3 Controversy: Affirmative Action as “reverse discrimination”?
5 Conclusion: The future of Affirmative Action
6 Bibliography
6.1 Primary Sources
6.2 Secondary Sources
- Quote paper
- Katharina Fischer (Author), 2010, Advantages and Controversy of US "Affirmative Action" concerning African - Americans, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/153507
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