Water pollution is an environmental crisis that requires sustainable, cost-effective remediation. Mango peels and kernels are used to make activated carbon for water filtration in this study. Phosphoric acid activation, drying, and sieving produced activated carbon. To assess AC adsorption effectiveness, ash, moisture, pH, and iodine number were measured. UV spectrophotometry was used to test mango peel and mango kernel AC adsorption of Methylene blue dye. Over time, mango peel AC showed great dye adsorption efficiency, demonstrating its microporous nature and attraction to organic contaminants. The complete hardness reduction trials showed mango peel AC could remove hardness-inducing ions from water. Functional groups responsible for adsorption efficiency were confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. The findings suggest mango peel-derived activated carbon is an eco-friendly and cost-effective water treatment material. Future wastewater treatment research should optimize activation factors and assess large-scale applications.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. METHYLENE BLUE ADSORPTION USING MANGO PEEL-ACTIVATED CARBON
1.2. DYES
1.3. ACTIVATED CARBON
1.4. ADSORPTION ISOTHERM
1.4.1. Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm
1.4.2. Freundlich adsorption isotherm
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. WATER TREATMENT WITH AGRICULTURAL WASTE
2.2. SUSTAINABLE ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MANGO PEEL
2.3. Fruit Waste-Activated Carbon Heavy Metal Adsorption
2.4. WASTE-DERIVED ADSORBENT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTIVATION COMPARISON
2.5. FRUIT WASTE ADSORBENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER TREATMENT
2.6. WATER PURIFICATION BIOSORPTION PROGRESS
2.7. MANGO PEEL PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN WATER PURIFICATION
2.8. FRUIT WASTE DYE ELIMINATION ADSORBENT COMPARISON
2.9. MANGO BYPRODUCT CHEMICAL ACTIVATION FOR WATER PURIFICATION
2.10. SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT: FRUIT WASTE TO ADSORBENTS
2.11. AGRICULTURAL WASTE ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS
2.12. ELIMINATING ORGANIC POLLUTANTS WITH FRUIT WASTE-DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON
2.13. FRUIT WASTE-BASED DYE REMOVAL
2.14. CHEAP CARBON ADSORBENTS FOR WATER PURIFICATION
2.15. INNOVATIVE MANGO PEEL BIOCHAR ADSORPTION MECHANISMS
2.16. FRUIT WASTE BIO ADSORBENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER TREATMENT
2.17. ADVANCED FRUIT WASTE CARBON ADSORBENT ACTIVATION METHODS
2.18. FRUIT PEEL NANOCOMPOSITES IMPROVE WATER TREATMENT
2.19. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE ADSORBENTS
2.20. SURFACE MODIFICATION IMPROVES FRUIT WASTE ADSORBENT ADSORPTION EFFICIENCY
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON BY MANGO KERNELS
3.2. PREPARATION OF ADSORBATE
3.3. TOTAL HARDNESS DETERMINATION
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
Objectives and Research Themes
This study focuses on developing sustainable and cost-effective methods for wastewater treatment by utilizing fruit waste, specifically mango peels and kernels, as precursors for activated carbon production. The research aims to evaluate the efficiency of these materials in removing pollutants, such as cationic dyes and hardness-inducing ions, from aqueous solutions through chemical activation techniques.
- Production and characterization of activated carbon from mango byproducts.
- Assessment of adsorption capacity using UV spectrophotometry and moisture/ash analysis.
- Removal efficiency evaluation of methylene blue dye and water hardness reduction.
- Characterization of functional groups via FTIR and investigation of surface properties.
- Comparison of mango peel-based adsorbents with industrial activated carbon standards.
Excerpt from the Book
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON BY MANGO PEELS
A kitchen knife removes mango peels, which are cleaned with distilled water to remove impurities. Sun-dried for 2-3 days, then oven-dried at 55⁰C. A crusher grinds the dry peels into 335mm powder. Boil 20g mango peel powder and 60ml phosphoric acid in a round-bottom flask for 6 hours with a condenser. After removing the condenser, we get ash with a severely acidic pH of 3. We add sodium bicarbonate until the pH approaches 7 to facilitate the operation. Rinse twice or three times with distilled water. Dry activated carbon in an oven for 24 hours after sifting it with paper. We gathered powdered activated carbon for experiments.
Color- Light brown Weight- 28g (powdered mango peels) Yield-6.8g
Summary of Chapters
1. INTRODUCTION: Discusses the environmental impact of water pollution by textile dyes and heavy metals, highlighting the necessity of low-cost, sustainable adsorbents like agricultural waste.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Reviews existing research on using various agricultural wastes and bio-adsorbents for heavy metal extraction and dye removal from wastewater.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describes the experimental procedures for sourcing, processing, and chemically activating mango peels and kernels into activated carbon, alongside testing protocols.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Analyzes the experimental data, including methylene blue adsorption rates and total water hardness reduction, supported by UV spectra and physical property tests.
5. CONCLUSIONS: Summarizes that mango peel-derived activated carbon serves as a viable, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.
Keywords
Wastewater treatment, Activated carbon, Mango peel, Mango kernel, Methylene blue, Adsorption, Phosphoric acid, Sustainable, Water hardness, Bio-adsorbent, Chemical activation, Dye removal, Heavy metal, Lignocellulosic, Circular economy
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the fundamental focus of this research?
The research focuses on the conversion of agricultural waste—specifically mango peels and kernels—into cost-effective activated carbon for filtering industrial wastewater.
2. What are the key thematic areas addressed in this study?
The key themes include waste valorization, sustainable chemical activation of biomass, adsorption mechanisms, and the remediation of organic dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
3. What is the primary objective of this experimental work?
The main objective is to establish that mango peel-derived activated carbon acts as an efficient and sustainable alternative to expensive commercial adsorbents for removing methylene blue dye and hardness-inducing mineral ions.
4. Which scientific methodology is employed to analyze the activated carbon?
The study utilizes chemical activation with phosphoric acid, followed by characterization through UV spectrophotometry, FTIR, moisture, ash content analysis, and iodine number determination.
5. What is the scope of the main discussion section?
The main section covers the analysis of adsorption data, including dosage and time dependency, wavelength variations in UV absorption, and the performance of mango peel-based carbon in water purification applications.
6. Which keywords best define this academic work?
Keywords include Wastewater treatment, Activated carbon, Mango peel, Methylene blue, Adsorption, and Water hardness.
7. How does the removal efficiency of methylene blue change over time?
The data indicates rapid adsorption within the initial 30 minutes, followed by a slower approach to equilibrium, with significant dye removal observed over a 17-day period.
8. Does the source material (peel vs. kernel) impact ash content?
Yes, the study finds that mango peel activated carbon has a higher ash content compared to mango kernel activated carbon, indicating differences in purity and mineral composition.
- Quote paper
- Zakir Hussain (Author), 2024, Utilization of fruit waste for treatment of wastewater, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1573089
