This study investigates the multifaceted impact of Indian biopic cinema on diverse age groups, exploring how shared historical contexts and formative experiences shape audience perception, interpretation, and engagement with these films. Positioned within the growing prominence of the biopic genre as a vehicle for historical interpretation, cultural transmission, and social commentary, this research posits that age acts as a significant mediating factor influencing how viewers internalize the narratives, themes, and messages conveyed. By analyzing existing literature and outlining key research objectives, this paper highlights the potential of biopics to evoke distinct emotional responses, shape understanding of historical and contemporary figures, motivate youth, influence career choices, and serve as sources of both entertainment and education across different generations. Furthermore, it considers the role of biopics in either reinforcing or disrupting prevailing social orders and their implications for broader historical understanding and reception across diverse communities. Ultimately, this study underscores the need for further research to explore the lasting influence of biopics on audience beliefs and attitudes, recognizing their significance as cultural artifacts that shape societal perspectives.

Excerpt

Content

CHAPTER I
1.1 Introduction about Indian cinema
1.2 Background
1.3 Perspectives from Researchers
1.4 Objectives
1.5 Scope
1.6 Limitations
1.7 Challenges
1.8 Operational Definitions
1.9 Conceptual framework
1.10 Theories

CHAPTER II
2.1. Literature Review--1
2.1.2 Literature Review-2
2.1.3 Literature Review-3
2.1.4 Literature Review-4
2.1.5 Literature Review-5
2.1.6 Literature Review-6
2.1.7 Literature Review-7
2.1.8 Literature Review-8
2.1.9 Literature Review-9
2.2 Themes: Literature Review
2.3 Reflections
2.3.1 Biopics and National Identity
2.4 Research Gaps Identified

CHAPTER III
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Pilot Study
3.3 Quantitative Research Method
3.3.1 Survey Method
3.3.2 Data Collection
3.3.3 Sample
3.3.4 Administration of Survey Questionnaire
3.3.4.1 Questionnaires classification
3.3.5 Informed Consents
3.4 Variables
3.4.1 Independent Variables
3.4.2 Dependent Variables
3.5 Measurement
3.6 Method of Assessment

CHAPTER IV
4.1 Demographic Profile
4.2 Survey Questions
4.2.1 Understanding of Biopics
4.2.2 Viewing Habits and General Perceptions
4.2.3 Impact of Performances and Popularity
4.2.3 Educational Value and Societal Impact
4.2.4 Themes and Representation
4.2.5 Impact on the Film Industry
4.3 Pie Charts and Interpretation
4.4 Indian Biopics and Story Line
4.4.1 M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story
4.4.2 Bhag Milka Baag
4.4.3 Mary Kom
4.4.4 Dangal
4.4.5 Sanju
4.4.6 Mahanati
4.4.7 12th Fail
4.4.8 Shakuntala Devi
4.4.9 Super 30
4.4.10 Major
4.4.11 Shershaah
4.4.12 Amaran
4.4.13 The Accidental Prime Minister
4.4.14 Chhaava
4.4.15 Manikarnika

CHAPTER V
5.1 Findings
5.2 Limitations of the Study
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Annexure A

Annexure B

LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter 1 Conceptual Framework

Chapter 1 Cultivation Theory

Chapter 1 Social Cognitive Theory

Chapter 1 Uses and Gratifications Theory

Chapter 1 Reception Theory

Chapter 1 Framing Theory

Chapter 1 Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Chapter 4 Age pie chart

Chapter 4 Gender pie chart

Chapter 4 Occupational pie chart

Chapter 4 Educational Background pie chart

Chapter 4 Faculty pie chart

Chapter 4 Geographic details pie chart

Chapter 4 Type of family pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 1 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 2 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 3 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 4 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 5 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 6 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 7 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 8 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 9 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 10 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 11 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 12 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 13 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 16 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 17 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 18 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 19 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 20 pie chart

Chapter 4 Qt 21 pie chart

LIST OF TABLES

Chapter 3 Description of Dependent Variable

Chapter 4 Age wise categorization

Chapter 4 Gender wise distribution

Chapter 4 Occupation wise distribution

Chapter 4 Faculty wise distribution

Chapter 4 Education Background wise distribution

Chapter 4 Geographic area wise distribution

Chapter 4 Family type wise distribution

Abstract

Keywords: Biopics, Film influence, Audience perception, Age and cinema

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

1.1. Introduction about Indian cinema

"The evolution of Indian cinema has witnessed the emergence and increasing prominence of the biopic genre. These films, which dramatize the lives of real individuals – be they historical figures, contemporary icons, or unsung heroes – have moved beyond mere storytelling to occupy a significant space within the nation's cultural discourse. Biopics in India are not simply entertainment products; they function as potential vehicles for historical interpretation, cultural transmission, and social commentary, shaping how audiences understand their past, present, and even future.

This rise of the biopic genre presents a compelling area of academic inquiry, particularly concerning its impact on audience perception. While biopics possess the potential to educate, inspire, and foster a sense of national identity, it is crucial to acknowledge that audience reception is not a monolithic phenomenon. Viewers bring to the cinematic experience a complex interplay of personal experiences, cultural values, historical knowledge, and socio- political perspectives, all of which influence their interpretation and engagement with the film's narrative.

Among the various factors that shape audience perception, age stands out as a particularly salient demographic variable. Age cohorts, defined by their shared historical context and formative experiences, often exhibit distinct patterns of thought, emotional responses, and cultural references. These age-related differences can profoundly influence how viewers perceive and engage with the content of biopic films.

This research focuses specifically on the impact of biopic content in Indian cinema on different age groups, exploring the diverse spectrum of audience perceptions that emerge. It posits that age acts as a significant mediating factor in shaping how individuals interpret, evaluate, and internalize the narratives, themes, and messages conveyed by biopics.

1.2. BACKGROUND

Different audience groups are affected by biopics differently depending on their experiences and level of emotional maturity. Even though biopics motivate people of all ages, the power of the motivation varies across different portions of one’s life.

Brazen teenagers and youngsters can use biopics as a motivational tool by watching real life stories. Success oriented films about sports stars, great scientists, and great social reformers can enable them to work towards achieving their lofty aspirations. Biopics like MS Dhoni: The Untold Story and Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl motivate them to believe in themselves, self- discipline, and devotion.

Biopics seek to show adults greater motivation through the biopic’s protagonist emotionally connecting with them on a deeper level. They get to feel the struggles of actual people and relate them to their own lives. The personal struggles, failures, and triumphs of a person serve to reinforce that success merely comes to those who persist.

For older audience groups, biopics try to offer viewers a journey of nostalgia or a trip through history while helping them learn of the different events, icons, and personalities that emerged in the past. Mahanati is an example of a biopic that offers information about important people of earlier generations.

In conclusion, it is accurate to say that everyone draws something motivational out of viewing biopics, regardless of their age. However, the strength and nature of motivation differs for everyone.

1.3. PERSPECTIVES FROM RESEARCHERS

Indian biopic cinema has gained significant attention in recent years for its ability to blend realism with entertainment.

Researcher A believes that biopic films provide a realistic perspective that audiences can deeply relate to. Unlike purely fictional narratives, biopics are based on true stories, making them both informative and engaging. According to her, these movies not only educate viewers about historical or contemporary figures but also serve as a source of motivation by showcasing the struggles and triumphs of real-life individuals. She emphasizes that life is filled with challenges, and biopic films reinforce the idea that perseverance and resilience can help individuals overcome adversity.

Researcher B focuses on the dual role of biopics in creating both educational and entertaining content. He highlights that these films offer viewers a deeper understanding of famous personalities by exploring their personal lives, including their family background, education,

relationships, struggles, and eventual success. He believes that such movies inspire audiences by showing that success does not come easily—it requires hard work, dedication, and persistence. Furthermore, he argues that biopics serve as a valuable medium for documenting history, preserving the legacies of influential figures, and shedding light on lesser-known aspects of their lives.

Researcher C draws attention to the personal impact of biopic films, particularly how they have influenced her perspective. She recalls watching several inspiring biopics such as Amaran, Mahanati, MS Dhoni: The Untold Story, and Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl. These films left a lasting impression on her by portraying the journeys of individuals who started as ordinary people and rose to remarkable success. She specifically mentions Mahanati (2018), a film that provided insights into the life of the late actress Savitri, the first Telugu superstar of the 1980s. The movie not only highlighted her extraordinary talent but also showcased her charitable nature and generosity. Similarly, MS Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) narrated the inspiring journey of a small-town cricketer who defied all odds to become one of India’s greatest sports icons. Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl (2020) portrayed the challenges faced by India’s first female Air Force officer in combat, reinforcing themes of courage and determination.

All three researchers agree that biopics play a crucial role in shaping public perception and inspiring individuals from all walks of life. They believe that such films provide a sense of connection to real-world figures, allowing audiences to learn valuable lessons from their experiences. Additionally, biopic cinema contributes to cultural and historical preservation by bringing true stories to the forefront. Through their research, they aim to explore the broader impact of Indian biopic films on society, particularly in terms of motivation, education, and entertainment.

1.4. OBJECTIVES

2. To examine the emotional effects of biopics on distinct age groups

3. To analyse the impact that biopics have on the understanding of important historical and contemporary figures

4. To understand how biopics serve to motivate the youth audience

5. To look at how biopics influence career choices among students and professionals

6. To look at how different generations perceive the impact of biopics

7. To determine the extent to which biopics serve as a source of entertainment versus an aid in education

8. To assess the role of biopics in either centering or disrupting prevailing social order

9. To assess the implications of biopics on the understanding of history in general

10. To explore the reception of biopics in different communities and their cultures

11. To investigate the effect of biopics composing the beliefs and attitudes of the audience over time

1.5. SCOPE

1. Multi-generational Viewership of Biopics – Studying age wise viewership patterns of children, teens, adults and aged folks regarding biopics.
2. Biopics as an Inspiration Tool – Research on how audiences focus on motivational aspects of biopics in terms of career, self improvement and obstacles.
3. Generational Teaching and Real-Life Lessons for the Younger Viewer – Appraisal of whether these biopic movies serve as a historical tool and provide essential life lessons for their audience.
4. Changes in Emotion, Attitude, Self Identity, Self Concept, and Self Image After Watching Biopics – The ways biopics influence feelings, attitude and self image of the audience from varied backgrounds.
5. Different Types of Biopic Features in Politics, Sports, Cinema, and Social Work – Impact of sports, politics, entertainment and social activist biopics on audience of different ages.
6. Consequences of Culture and Sociology – Determining how people from different demographics view and relate to a biopic film.
7. Influence of Biopics in Career Decision Making and Life Choices – Finding out if any of the younger audiences are encouraged to emulate the character’s success in the films.
8. The Impact of Social Biographies on the Public Consciousness – How do these films portray social problems and reforms, and how do they shape public opinion?
9. Variations in Attention Between Contextual and Non-Contextual Biographical Films – The question of whether biopics are more interesting and closer to life than fictional stories is researched.
10. Biopics and Society – What is claimed to be a Permanent Impact – Looking into whether ideologies, beliefs, or actions of the viewers of the documentaries influence their society.

The outcomes of this study will help clarify how biopics affect different audience segments and how they serve to entertain, educate, and aid in the person’s self-growth.

1.6. LIMITATIONS

CHANGING TRENDS: Biopics often focus on the life and achievements of an individual rather than the broader societal, cultural, or technological trends of the time. This limitation means that the film might not provide a comprehensive view of how these trends evolved and affected the wider society. Instead, trends are shown only in relation to their impact on the protagonist.

INFLUENCE OF MEDIA: The portrayal of events and individuals in biopics can be influenced by the media’s depiction of those subjects. This can lead to a biased or incomplete representation, as filmmakers might rely on popular narratives or sensationalized accounts, rather than thoroughly researched facts. The influence of media can shape public perception and might not always align with historical accuracy.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND: The socio-economic background of the biopic’s subject can significantly influence their story. However, biopics might not always delve deeply into the implications of socio-economic factors on the individual’s life and the lives of others around them. This limitation can result in an incomplete understanding of the challenges and privileges that shaped the protagonist’s journey.

REEL VS. REAL: Biopics often take creative liberties to enhance the narrative, which can lead to discrepancies between the on-screen portrayal and the real-life events. This dramatization can result in a more engaging film, but it might sacrifice factual accuracy. The line between “reel” (fictionalized portrayal) and “real” (actual events) can become blurred, leading viewers to potentially misunderstand the true story.

1.7. CHALLENGES

1. Balancing Fact and Fiction:
Biopics often blend historical facts with dramatic elements to enhance storytelling.
2. Controversies and Subjectivity:
Biopics can create controversies when they present a particular interpretation of a person's life, especially if it clashes with public perception or historical accounts.
3. Varying Availability of Information:
Accessing comprehensive and reliable information about the subject of a biopic can be difficult. This is particularly true for figures from earlier historical periods or those from marginalized communities.
4. Conflicting views:
Different people may offer conflicting views of events, making it challenging to establish a definitive narrative.
5. Measuring Societal Impact:
Quantifying the actual impact of a biopic on public perception or social attitudes is complex.
6. Glorification and Hero Worship:
Indian biopics are often accused of glorifying the subject. This can make it difficult for researchers to find an unbiased view of the subject’s life.
7. Representation of Living Individuals:
Biopics on living individuals raise ethical concerns about privacy and the potential for misrepresentation.
8. Representation of Sensitive Topics:
Biopics dealing with sensitive historical or social issues require careful consideration of ethical implications.
In essence, researchers delving into Indian biopics must navigate a complex landscape of historical accuracy, cultural context, and ethical considerations.

1.8. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. Content: Content refers to the main subject matter, themes, or ideas presented in a book, article, television program, or any form of media. It includes the
information, message, or entertainment value conveyed to the audience. Content can be factual, fictional, educational, or artistic, and it plays a key role in engaging and informing viewers or readers.
2. Perception: Perception is the way a person interprets or understands something based on their experiences, beliefs, or background. It can be influenced by factors such as culture, personal experiences, emotions, and cognitive biases. Perception is subjective, meaning different people may view the same situation, object, or event differently.
3. Impact: Impact refers to the effect, influence, or impression that one thing has on another. This can be physical (such as the impact of a collision), emotional (such as the impact of a powerful story), or societal (such as the impact of a political decision). Impact can be positive or negative, temporary or long-lasting, and may lead to changes in behavior, opinions, or circumstances.
4. Biopic: A biopic is a film that dramatizes the life of a specific person, usually a historical or public figure such as a politician, musician, scientist, or athlete. These films often highlight significant events, struggles, and achievements in the person’s life, sometimes with fictionalized elements to enhance storytelling. Biopics aim to educate, entertain, and provide insight into the subject’s personal and professional journey.
5. Audience: The audience is the group of people who watch, listen to, or engage with a performance, speech, show, or other forms of media. The term can refer to live spectators at a theater or concert, television viewers, radio listeners, or online users. Understanding the audience is crucial for creators, as it helps tailor content to meet their expectations and preferences.
6. Orientation: Orientation refers to the direction of focus, goals, or interests of a person, group, or organization. It can describe ideological or strategic positioning, such as “business orientation” (focusing on commercial success) or “cultural orientation” (emphasizing heritage and traditions). Additionally, orientation can refer to the process of familiarizing someone with a new environment, such as job orientation for new employees.
7. Perception: Perception also refers to the cognitive process of receiving, interpreting, and making sense of sensory information. This includes recognizing shapes, colors, sounds, and other stimuli through sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. The way people perceive the world is shaped by their past experiences, knowledge and mental processes.

1.9. CONCEPTUAL - FRAMEWORK

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 1: Conceptual Framework

1.10. THEORIES

1. CULTIVATION THEORY

Definition: Proposed by George Gerbner and Larry Gross, this theory states that an individual’s perception of reality is influenced by the media’s portrayal of it, and that prolonged media exposure alters how an individual perceives reality.

Application: Use this theory to evaluate the viewer’s perception in regard to their age, and focus on social norms and significant figures in history.

Shaping Perceptions: Biopics can influence how viewers see historical figures and events, often leading them to accept these portrayals as accurate over time.

Reinforcing Stereotypes: They may perpetuate stereotypes or cultural norms by consistently depicting certain characters or events in a specific manner, influencing viewers’ beliefs.

Creating Heroes and Villains: Biopics can create clear heroes and villains, affecting viewers’ moral judgments and simplifying complex historical events.

Media Influence: Media portrayals of biographical subjects can be influenced by popular or sensationalized narratives, which might not always be historically accurate, thus shaping public perception.

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 2: Cultivation Theory

2. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

Definition: The theory that behaviors, attitudes, and emotional actions of individuals can be learned through observing others is called Social Cognitive Theory, and it was proposed by Albert Bandura.

Application: Study how biopics can act as role models to viewers, and examine the possibility of behavior change or non-change in beliefs.

behavior change or non-change in beliefs.

Observational Learning: Viewers can learn from the actions and experiences of real-life individuals in biopics, adopting similar behaviors in their own lives.

Modeling: Biopics offer role models who display traits like perseverance, courage, and resilience, inspiring viewers to emulate them.

Vicarious Reinforcement: Watching the outcomes of protagonists’ actions can motivate viewers to engage in similar behaviors if the outcomes are positive, or avoid them if negative.

Self-efficacy: Seeing individuals overcome challenges in biopics can enhance viewers’ belief in their own abilities to achieve their goals.

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 3: Social Cognitive Theory

3. USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY

Definition: People’s efforts at seeking out particular media and the reasons behind doing so, as well as the result attained, is focused upon by this theory.

Application: Examine the tendencies of various age groups towards the usage of biopics and how they achieve their educational, emotional, or entertainment objectives.

Information and Education: Biopics provide knowledge about historical figures and events, fueling curiosity.

Personal Identity: They connect viewers with characters’ struggles and triumphs, reinforcing personal values and self-reflection.

Entertainment: These films captivate audiences through engaging stories and well-developed characters.

Social Interaction: Biopics spark discussions, allowing viewers to bond over shared opinions.

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 4: Uses and Gratification Theory

4. RECEPTION THEORY

Definition: Reception theory is the intellectual property of Stuart Hall and considers the way people with a different cultural background and social experience understand a media text.

Application: This theory will assist you in understanding biases that come with age and culture with regards to perceptions of a biographical movie as well as attitudes towards it.

Active Audience: Viewers actively engage with biopics, interpreting the content based on their own perspectives and experiences, leading to different meanings for different viewers.

Cultural Background: A viewer’s cultural background influences their interpretation of the biopic. Those with a deep understanding of the historical context might interpret it differently than those less familiar with the period.

Personal Experiences: Individual experiences shape how viewers relate to the characters and events depicted. Those who have faced similar challenges as the protagonist may feel a stronger connection and interpret the film more empathetically.

Social Context: The social and political climate at the time of viewing can impact how audiences perceive the biopic, with current events and societal issues coloring their interpretation.

Negotiated and Oppositional Readings: Viewers might accept some parts of the biopic’s narrative while rejecting or questioning others, leading to partial agreement (negotiated readings) or complete disagreement (oppositional readings).

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 5: Reception Theory

5. FRAMING THEORY

Definition: This theory claims that the audience responds to the information as it is, that is, rather than focusing on the content, they focus on how the content has been packaged. It was proposed by Erving Goffman.

Application: Consider how the framing of the biopics as heroic, tragic or redemptive shapes the emotional and interpretational reaction of the people from different age brackets.

emotional and interpretational reaction of the people from different age brackets.

Selection of Events: Filmmakers choose specific life events to include in the biopic, shaping the narrative by highlighting certain aspects and downplaying others.

Portrayal of Characters: The depiction of characters, including their traits and motivations, influences viewers’ perceptions—positive portrayals create sympathy and admiration, while negative ones can lead to criticism.

Narrative Structure: The order and pacing of events in the biopic shape the audience’s understanding, such as emphasizing resilience and success by starting with struggles and ending with triumphs.

Use of Visual and Audio Elements: Cinematic techniques like camera angles, lighting, music, and sound effects set the emotional tone and mood, influencing how viewers emotionally engage with the story.

Message and Themes: The underlying messages and themes frame the overall interpretation of the subject’s life, such as portraying perseverance in adversity to position the protagonist as a role model.

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 6: Framing Theory

6. COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY

Definition: Leon Festinger proposed Cognitive Dissonance Theory, which explains that unbalanced feelings produce tension. And in order to reduce this feeling, people change one of the attitudes or beliefs they hold.

Application: This theory will allow you to investigate the extent to which biopics will be created to force cognitive dissonance in viewers and the long-lasting attitudinal impact of such movies.

Contradictory Actions and Beliefs: Biopics show individuals facing moral dilemmas, creating cognitive dissonance for viewers.

Historical Inaccuracies: Recognizing inaccuracies leads to cognitive dissonance and re- evaluation of historical understanding.

Idealization vs. Reality: Idealized portrayals cause dissonance when flaws or controversies are depicted.

Cultural and Social Norms: Challenging norms creates dissonance, prompting re-evaluation of beliefs.

Audience Reactions: Cognitive dissonance leads to coping mechanisms like justifying actions or seeking more information.

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Fig 7: Cognitive Dissonance Theory

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Chapter 2

2.1.1. Literature Review-1

The Evolving Landscape of the Biopic Genre

This analysis examines the critical reception and evolving scholarly discourse surrounding the biographical film, or biopic, a genre marked by its enduring popular appeal and persistent critical scrutiny. Historically, biopics have faced accusations of prioritizing entertainment over historical accuracy, “playing fast and loose” with facts, and adhering to predictable narrative conventions (Crowther, 1984; Toplin, 1996; Welsh, 1993). Early critiques emphasized the need for “faithfulness” to source material, mirroring debates in adaptation studies (Welsh, 1993). However, the inherent multiplicity of source materials and the collaborative nature of filmmaking render such rigid adherence problematic.

George Custen’s (1992) “Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History” marked a significant turning point, shifting the focus from mere accuracy to the social and cultural functions of biopics. Custen’s production-based approach defined the classic biopic as a producer-driven genre, reflecting socially conservative ideals and industry-centric narratives. This perspective challenged the notion that accuracy was the sole metric for evaluating biopics, emphasizing the “social functions that might be performed by differential structurings of the historical discourse” (Custen, 1992, p. 10).

Dennis Bingham’s (2010) “Whose Lives are They Anyway: The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre” expanded upon Custen’s work, charting the evolutionary trajectory of the genre from conventional studio productions to postmodern and neoclassical forms. Bingham’s case study methodology highlighted the shift from producer-driven to director-driven biopics, with auteurist filmmakers deconstructing and reviving the genre. Notably, Bingham’s division of the genre along gender lines, positing that female biopics are inherently characterized by victimization narratives, sparked further critical debate.

The 2011 special issue of “a/b: Auto/Biography Studies” introduced a crucial dimension by examining the relationship between biopics and the construction of American national identity. Utilizing the concept of “generic gestures of strategic patriotic memory” (Epstein, 2011, p. 7), the journal explored how biopics employ visual and aural symbols to reinforce or challenge national narratives. This approach underscored the biopic’s role as a site of cultural and political commentary, highlighting its capacity to shape collective memory and identity.

Recent scholarship has also broadened the scope of biopic analysis, moving beyond an Anglo- American focus to encompass international perspectives. Tom Brown and Belén Vidal’s (2014) “The Biopic in Contemporary Film Culture” examined biopics in diverse national contexts, including France, India, and South Korea, revealing how cultural and industrial factors shape the genre’s evolution. This international lens highlighted the adaptive qualities of the biopic, particularly in its capacity to reflect local concerns and aspirations.

Furthermore, critical attention has been paid to the representation of marginalized groups, notably women. Bronwyn Polaschek’s (2013) “The Postfeminist Biopic: Narrating the Lives of Plath, Kahlo, Woolf and Austen” challenged the victimization trope prevalent in female biopics, introducing the concept of the “postfeminist biopic.” Polaschek’s analysis demonstrated how contemporary female biopics can offer complex and empowering narratives, moving beyond simplistic feminist readings.

In conclusion, the scholarly discourse surrounding the biopic has evolved significantly, moving from a preoccupation with historical accuracy to a nuanced understanding of its social, cultural, and political functions. Recent studies have emphasized the genre’s adaptive flexibility, its role in constructing national identity, and its capacity to reflect evolving cultural values. This literature review underscores the importance of considering biopics as complex intertextual and intermedial adaptations that contribute to broader cultural narratives.

2.1.2. Literature Review-2 Introduction

Public memory, as a dynamic and socially constructed phenomenon, is significantly influenced by media representations (Zelizer, 1995). This review examines the role of biopics in shaping public memory, particularly within contemporary celebrity culture and the complexities introduced by movements like #MeToo. It explores the tension between the theoretical fluidity of public memory and the concrete impact of mediated narratives, focusing on the case study of David Foster Wallace and the biopic The End of the Tour (2015).

Public Memory and Media Influence

Scholars emphasize that public memory is not a static collection of facts but a fluid process shaped by cultural interpretations and mediated discourses (Bel, 2011; Jordan, 2008; Vinitzky-Seroussi, 2011). Media plays a crucial role in constructing these cultural memories, yet dominant interpretations often prevail, raising questions about the power dynamics embedded in media representations (Willis-Chun, 2011). Zelizer (1995) argues that media acts as a primary vehicle for the construction of cultural memory.

Biopics: Shaping and Solidifying Narratives

Biopics are particularly influential in shaping public memory due to their capacity to introduce historical figures and events to wide audiences (Custen, 1992). Despite potential distortions, these films often serve as primary sources of information, highlighting the significant impact of their narratives. While public memory is theoretically fluid, popular culture, especially biopics, can solidify specific interpretations, limiting ongoing reassessment (Sakota-Kokot, 2011).

Epideictic Rhetoric and Biopics as Eulogies

This study employs the concept of epideictic rhetoric to analyze how biopics function as eulogies that shape public perceptions. Aristotle (1984) laid the groundwork for understanding epideictic rhetoric as a form of praise or blame. Condit (1985) further developed this framework, highlighting the functions of “definition/understanding,” “display/entertainment,” and “shaping/sharing of community.” Biopics utilize these functions to construct and reinforce specific images of their subjects. In contemporary media, Vivian’s (2010) concept of “neoliberal epideictic” demonstrates how corporate media reinforces neoliberal values through repeated epideictic forms. Additionally, Herwitz (2008) provides the understanding of the “Aura” that is built around a person.

Case Study: David Foster Wallace and The End of the Tour

The End of the Tour serves as a case study to explore these themes. Wallace’s evolving public image, from a respected literary figure to a posthumous icon, provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of media representations on public memory. The film’s role in solidifying the “Saint Dave” persona, despite Wallace’s complex life and the objections of his family, illustrates the power of biopics to shape public perceptions. The film’s narrative choices, influenced by David Lipsky’s (2010) memoir (Margulies, Ponsoldt, 2015), contribute to Wallace’s mythification. The analysis of the film’s opening and closing sequences reveals its epideictic framing, with David Lipsky established as the eulogist, positioning the audience to view Wallace through a memorializing lens.

Challenging the Fluidity of Public Memory and Popular Reception

The study challenges the notion that public memory is inherently fluid, arguing that biopics can create definitive interpretations that dominate alternative voices. The film’s critical and popular success, despite objections from Wallace’s family and friends, is presented as evidence of this phenomenon. Hasian (2012) emphasizes the importance of considering popular responses to cultural artifacts, challenging scholarly works that prioritize expert opinions. The analysis raises the question of whether the biopic genre is inherently epideictic, given its tendency to define figures, display artistic eloquence, and shape communal understanding.

The #MeToo Movement and Reevaluating Wallace’s Legacy

The #MeToo movement has significantly complicated Wallace’s legacy, with allegations of abuse and stalking challenging the idealized image presented in the biopic. Mary Karr’s 2018 tweets significantly altered Wallace’s public reputation, demonstrating the movement’s power to challenge established narratives and bring previously silenced voices to the forefront (Burgess, 2018; Ohlheiser, 2017). The study underscores how Wallace’s “male genius” status had previously shielded him from scrutiny (Garber, 2018; Hayes-Brady & Paulson, 2018). The film’s “good guy” narrative, embodied in Wallace’s admonition to “Be a good guy,” is challenged by its complicity in perpetuating a system that silences women’s voices.

Neoliberal Epideictic and Contested Memory

The concept of “neoliberal epideictic” (Vivian, 2010) explains how biopics like The End of the Tour solidify specific interpretations. The film’s ritual commemoration of Wallace, aligned with his “This Is Water” speech and the “Saint Dave” persona, effectively suppressed counternarratives and reinforced dominant power structures. Biopics, as media artifacts, function as sites of contested memory, with their epideictic form challenged by disruptive forces like the #MeToo movement.

Implications and Future Directions

This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating how social movements can disrupt entrenched public memories constructed by media. It highlights the importance of critically examining biopics as sites of ideological production and the need to consider the broader cultural context in which these films are produced and received. Future research could further explore the ethical implications of biopics in portraying complex and contested figures, particularly in the context of movements like #MeToo, and the role of online discourse in challenging dominant narratives.

2.1.3. Literature Review-3 Introduction

The resurgence of biographical films in India has created a unique space for exploring national identity, celebrity culture, and the construction of public memory. This review examines the key themes presented in the provided text, focusing on how Indian biopics, particularly those centered on sports figures and other notable individuals, shape narratives of heroism, national belonging, and the interplay between reality and representation.

The Construction of Notability and Celebrity

Indian biopics, often hagiographic in nature, serve to immortalize their subjects, bestowing a certain “notability” that resonates with audiences. As Pomerance (2017) argues, audiences “participate to some degree in the experiences and events” that make a person notable, exploring the “shadow trace” that follows the subject (p. 30). This notability is constructed through a dual discourse: first, by highlighting the “miraculous” or extraordinary achievements of the subject, and second, by showcasing the human process of “grit, determination, ambition” that underlies these achievements. The shift from the “miraculous” to the “marvelous” creates an aspirational model for the nation, framing success as a product of human effort.

National Identity and the “National Symbolic”

The Indian biopic operates within the generic plot of “national identity” (Epstein, as cited in Nayar, 2017), casting the lives of its heroes as national lives. Sports biopics, in particular, construct figures like Tendulkar and Dhoni as “national symbolic” (Berlant, as cited in Nayar, 2017), around whom a public coheres. Berlant’s concept of the “national symbolic” highlights how collective possession of official texts creates a national “public” (p. 155). In these biopics, the sporting hero becomes such an official text, generating a sense of affective belonging. The conflation of the individual and the nation makes the biopic a key element in the making (or unmaking) of national identity.

Non-sporting biopics, such as those of Manjhi and Neerja, also contribute to national identity, portraying ordinary individuals who perform extraordinary acts of resilience and courage.

These films celebrate the “ordinary-as-hero,” offering a new version of the national symbolic. Conversely, biopics of infamous figures like Azharuddin and Charles Shobraj disrupt the triumphant narrative of the nation, highlighting the flaws and contradictions within India’s cultural makeup.

The Interplay of Reality and Representation

Indian biopics adopt a multilayered aesthetic, positioned between documentary and feature film. The incorporation of real-life scenes and footage, alongside professional actors, creates a sense of “artifactuality” (Chaney, as cited in Nayar, 2017), combining artifice and artifact. As Cowie (as cited in Nayar, 2017) argues, the selection and ordering of real-life elements constitute an account of the world, but also reveal the “loss of the real” in its narratives. The biopic, as a “performative documentary” (Bruzzi, as cited in Nayar, 2017), acknowledges the construction and artificiality of even non-fiction film. The presence of real-life figures within the diegetic space of the biopic further blurs the lines between reality and representation.

The Role of Family and Cultural Citizenship

The family plays a central role in Indian biopics, serving as a holding place for the hero’s aspirations and failures. However, these films also “subliminally signal the nation-as-family,” uniting millions of strangers through shared emotions. The biopic conflates filiation with affiliation, promoting a cultural citizenship founded on aspirational qualities.

Key Themes and Synthesis

The provided text highlights the complex ways in which Indian biopics construct narratives of heroism, national identity, and cultural belonging. By blending elements of documentary and feature film, these biopics create a unique space for exploring the interplay between reality and representation. The focus on both extraordinary achievements and human virtues allows these films to serve as aspirational models for the nation, while the inclusion of infamous figures challenges dominant narratives and highlights the contradictions within Indian society.

2.1.4. Literature Review-4 Introduction

The resurgence of political biopics between 2008 and 2013, a period defined by global economic crisis, presents a unique opportunity to examine the intersection of cinema, historical context, and societal anxieties. This review explores how these films function as cultural artifacts, reflecting and shaping perceptions of leadership, while navigating the complex interplay between public and private spheres. By analyzing a selection of prominent biopics, including those depicting Richard Nixon, George W. Bush, Abraham Lincoln, Margaret Thatcher, Queen Victoria, George VI, and Nelson Mandela, this review illuminates the evolving narratives of political leadership during a period of significant societal change.

Political Biopics and Historical Context: A Mirror to Societal Anxieties

Political biopics are not mere historical reconstructions; they are contemporary interpretations of the past, reflecting present-day concerns and anxieties (Frago & Alfonso, 2017). As Rosenstone (2007) argues, these films weave historical details into narratives that are infused with the filmmaker’s contemporary vision. The production of such films tends to increase during periods of social and political upheaval, serving as a societal barometer of the prevailing attitudes towards leadership and institutions (Custen, 1992; McKennie, 2001). For instance, the pre-World War II era witnessed a surge in political biopics amidst economic and political instability, while the 1980s and 1990s saw critical portrayals of US presidents following Watergate and controversial foreign interventions (Morgan, 2011). The 2008 economic crisis, following the 9/11 attacks, amplified societal mistrust in political and financial institutions, making the biopics released during this period a “cinematic canvas of the nation’s history” (Krukones, 2003, p. 143), reflecting a deep-seated desire for strong and ethical leadership in times of uncertainty.

Formal Trends and Narrative Strategies: Constructing Leadership Narratives

Contemporary political biopics employ a blend of narrative conventions, drawing from classic, “warts-and-all,” and investigative approaches to construct compelling stories (Bingham, 2013). These films often emphasize the psychological and physical characterization of leaders, employing renowned actors to enhance authenticity and engage audiences (Halvskov, 2012). The exploration of the dichotomy between public and private personas is a recurring theme, often authenticated through the use of documentary footage and a focus on recent historical events (Sheehan, 2014; Cheshire, 2015). Rather than presenting comprehensive life stories, these biopics tend to focus on specific episodes or periods, symbolizing key aspects of the leader’s character or rule. For example, *Invictus* uses the 1995 Rugby World Cup to symbolize Mandela’s efforts to unite South Africa, while Lincoln focuses on the passage of the 13th Amendment.

The Private vs. Public Sphere: Navigating Contemporary Expectations

A defining feature of these biopics is their exploration of the leader’s private sphere, reflecting a contemporary emphasis on balancing personal and professional lives (Frago & Alfonso, 2017). This approach contrasts with earlier biopics that often mythologized leaders or focused on the contradictions between their public and private lives. Films like The Iron Lady and Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom highlight the personal sacrifices and emotional burdens carried by leaders, while even Lincoln, primarily a political drama, underscores the leader’s personal grief and family struggles. Monarch biopics such as The Young Victoria and The King’s Speech emphasize the conflict between personal desires and royal duties, portraying monarchs as individuals striving to balance their personal needs with the demands of their public positions (Pennacchia, 2014).

Leadership Traits and Myth-Making: Shaping Cultural Perceptions

Political biopics contribute to the myth-making process, presenting leaders as figures who belong in the “pantheon of cultural mythology” (Bingham, 2010, p. 10). By rescuing historical figures from the past and incorporating pre-existing myths, these films shape cultural perceptions of leadership (Toplin, 1996). They reflect a societal desire for strong, resilient leaders capable of navigating crises, emphasizing traits such as determination, vision, and emotional intelligence. The portrayal of these traits, whether positively or critically, is influenced by contemporary values and myths, reflecting the evolving narratives of political leadership.

Conclusion

The resurgence of political biopics between 2008 and 2013 reflects a period of global crisis and societal anxiety, serving as a mirror to contemporary issues. These films explore the complex themes of leadership, national identity, and the balance between public and private lives, contributing to the construction of cultural myths and reflecting the evolving perceptions of historical figures. This analysis highlights how these biopics are not just historical narratives, but are also tools for understanding the contemporary societal values, and the qualities that societies look for in their leaders. This review lays the groundwork for further examination into the specific narrative strategies, and the cultural impact of these films.

2.1.5. Literature Review:5

The Politics of Portrayal: Cecil Rhodes and the Contested Landscape of Cinematic History-5

The cinematic representation of Cecil Rhodes, a figure central to the history of British imperialism in Southern Africa, has been a site of enduring contestation. James Burns’ analysis of Rhodes biopics reveals a complex interplay between political intervention, historical liberties, and evolving cultural interpretations, highlighting the challenges of reconciling historical accuracy with political sensitivities.

Core Themes and Analysis:

Political Influence and Censorship:

Burns’ research underscores the significant role of political forces in shaping Rhodes’ cinematic representations. Governments in Southern Africa, driven by concerns about social stability and the control of historical narratives, have consistently exerted influence through censorship, script approvals, and direct involvement in production.

This is evidenced by the suppression of the 1916 African Film Productions (AFP) project, the scrutiny faced by the 1936 “Rhodes of Africa,” and the required governmental approvals for the 1997 “Rhodes” series. This demonstrates the use of film as a tool for political control and narrative management.

Contested Historical Interpretations and Narrative Construction:

Rhodes’ legacy is characterized by starkly contrasting interpretations, reflecting the diverse perspectives of different communities. British colonial apologists have portrayed him as a hero, while Afrikaners and indigenous populations hold more critical views.

Filmmakers have taken significant liberties with historical accuracy to construct desired narratives, as seen in the fabricated scenes of the 1936 film and the “revisionist” portrayal of the 1997 series. This highlights the inherent subjectivity of historical representation in cinema and the influence of the political climate during the films productions.

Evolving Cultural Contexts and Shifting Paradigms:

The representation of Rhodes has evolved significantly over time, reflecting changing cultural attitudes toward imperialism, colonialism, and race. The 1936 film’s heroic portrayal contrasts sharply with the 1997 series’ critical examination of his legacy.

The changing depiction of Rhodes’ sexuality also shows how the cultural norms of the time influence the films.

Film as a Site of Historical Memory and Ideological Discourse:

Rhodes biopics serve as a powerful example of film’s capacity to shape historical memory and engage in ideological discourse. The controversies surrounding these films underscore the importance of critically examining cinematic narratives and considering the political and cultural contexts in which they are produced.

The difference in reception of these films in different countries, displays the ability of film to shape public opinion.

Conclusion:

James Burns’ analysis reveals that the cinematic portrayal of Cecil Rhodes is a complex interplay of political forces, narrative strategies, and evolving cultural interpretations. The persistent attempts to control and shape Rhodes’ cinematic representation reflect the enduring significance of his legacy and the ongoing struggle to reconcile with the complexities of Southern African history.

2.1.6. Literature Review: 6

Remembering P.K. Rosy: Caste, Cinema, and the Affective Returns of a Lost Narrative- 6

Introduction:

Bindu Menon’s analysis of P.K. Rosy’s life and the narratives surrounding her disappearance offers a critical examination of the intersections between cinema, caste, and cultural memory in early 20th-century Kerala. P.K. Rosy, the first female lead in Malayalam cinema, Vigatakumaran (1930), became a victim of caste-based violence, leading to her forced disappearance from public life. Menon explores how Rosy’s story is revisited through various forms, including poetry, biopics, and historical accounts, revealing the enduring impact of her experience on Kerala’s cultural landscape.

Core Themes and Analysis:

The Violence of Disappearance and Affective Returns:

Menon (2017) emphasizes how P.K. Rosy’s disappearance is not merely a historical event but a site of “affective returns,” stirring visceral energies and prompting contemporary narratives. Kureeppuzha Sreekumar’s poem, “Actress’s Night,” exemplifies this, capturing the terror and loss associated with Rosy’s forced exile.

The artistic works that explore Rosy’s life, create an “unsaying” of history, that mourns what is lost, and creates an affective response.

Life Narratives and the Politics of Caste:

Rosy’s life narrative is fragmented and contested, reflecting the complexities of caste relations in early 20th-century Kerala (Menon, 2017). Narratives, including Kunnukuzhi Mani’s biographical essay, Vinu Abraham’s novella *Nashtanayika*, and the biopic Celluloid, reveal digressions and divergences, highlighting the challenges of reconstructing a subaltern life.

The violence she suffered at the screening of her film, and the following violence that forced her to flee, are seen as a nodal point in the history of caste relations in Indian cinema.

Caste and Modernity in Travancore:

Menon (2017) situates Rosy’s story within the broader context of urban development and social transformation in Travancore, emphasizing the differential impact of modernization on various caste communities. The rise of subaltern caste movements, influenced by Protestant missionary work, is presented as a crucial backdrop to understanding the social tensions that Rosy faced.

The author uses the Channar women’s breast cloth struggle as an example of the caste struggles of the time.

The Intersection of Caste, Gender, and Cinematic Representation:

Menon (2017) argues that the violent reaction to Rosy’s appearance on screen was rooted in anxieties about the transgression of caste and gender boundaries. The transition from folk theater to cinema, a modern public space, exposed the rigidities of the existing social order.

The author explains that while Dalit women were used to being laboring bodies in the public eye, that the new medium of film, brought on new anxieties.

Narratives of Disappearance and Re-Membering:

The narratives surrounding Rosy’s disappearance, including poetry, historical accounts, and the biopic Celluloid, reveal the enduring impact of her story on Kerala’s cultural memory (Menon, 2017). Menon (2017) highlights the differing ways in which these narratives engage with Rosy’s life, from allegorical representations to counter-historical accounts and the potential erasure of her story in favor of male narratives.

The author explains that the 2013 film Celluloid, caused much controversy, because it placed the male director of the film, as the main character, and relegated Rosy to a supporting role.

Biopics and the Recovery of Lost Voices:

Menon (2017) discusses how *Celluloid* uses a “retro mode” of filmmaking and a film-within- a-film format to recover the lost voices of J.C. Daniel and P.K. Rosy, attempting to bridge the gap between fact and fiction, memory and loss.

The film is narrated from the point of view of film journalist Chelangad Gopalakrishnan, and moves between the present and the past.

The author states that the director’s belief in the biopic genre, is that it can redeem the past.

Contested Representations and the Politics of Exclusion:

The film’s portrayal of Rosy as a tragic and mute figure has been criticized for misrepresenting Dalit and working-class life, and for prioritizing the narrative of J.C. Daniel over Rosy’s (Menon, 2017).

The film has been criticized for how it portrays the caste system, as something that existed in the past.

The Interplay of Caste, Gender, and Visual Representation:

Menon (2017) analyzes how *Celluloid* portrays Rosy’s transformation for the screen, including the erasure of her caste markers and her presentation as a desirable body within a dominant-caste visual iconography.

Affective Returns and the Re-Activation of Memory:

Menon (2017) highlights how the narratives surrounding Rosy, including *Celluloid*, function as “affective returns,” reactivating the affect of the violent event and challenging dominant historical narratives.

The author explains that the Dalit critique of the film, demands an assessment of the interpretative framework that the biopic thrusts upon the event.

The author uses Walter Benjamin’s approach, to explain how images from the past, brought into the present, illuminate history.

The Ephemerality of Film Archives and Historical Inquiry:

Menon addresses the challenges of historical research on silent cinema, where archival materials are often sparse and fragmented (Menon, 2017).

Drawing on the work of Carlo Ginzburg, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, and Arondekar, she highlights the importance of treating archival traces as heuristic devices, rather than relying solely on extant evidence (Menon, 2017).

The Role of Film and Visual Culture:

The author explains the importance of visual culture, and how the female body was viewed in that culture.

The author also explains how the “modern girl” was viewed at that time, and how Rosy fit into that role.

The Contemporary Re-Membering of Rosy:

The formation of the Rosy Memorial Arts and Sports Club, and the creation of the film Celluloid show the contemporary desire to remember and reclaim Rosy’s story.

These modern artistic endeavors require the navigation of political and moral issues.

Conclusion:

Menon’s analysis demonstrates how P.K. Rosy’s story serves as a critical lens for examining the complex interplay of caste, gender, and cinematic representation in early 20th-century Kerala. The various narratives surrounding her life highlight the ongoing struggle to reconcile historical memory with the enduring legacies of social inequality, and the complexities of representing subaltern histories in cinema.

2.1.7. Literature Review: 7

Centring Women in Bollywood Biopics

This book explores the dramatic rise in popularity of the women's biopic in contemporary Bollywood, within the context of wider cultural shifts over the past decade.

Delving into the societal shifts reflected in the genre, both on and off screen, the book explores the contours of individual agency and the centring of women in Indian cinema. The book offers new insight into women-centric Hindi biopics, a fast-rising genre carving out a tradition of its own, with female directors and actors contributing to this rising postfeminist celebration of women's agency and individuality. The authors posit that the alternative narratives, created by Bollywood and accepted by mainstream audiences, have become a catalyst to elevate women or female actors to protagonists, without the need to conform to the sexist mores of mainstream Bollywood.

The book will be of interest to scholars, researchers and upper-level students in the areas of film studies, media industries, gender and feminism, and South Asian studies.

Chandrava Chakravarty is Professor, Department of English, and the Director of Centre for Studies in Gender, Culture & Media at West Bengal State University, India. Her research interests include Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century, Colonial Bengal, Gender and Cultural Studies.

Sneha Kar Chaudhuri is Head and Associate Professor of English, West Bengal State University. Her areas of specialization and research interests include Neo-Victorian Studies, Adaptation Studies, Gender Studies, historical fiction and historical cinema.

Key Points:

- Emergence of Women's Biopics: The last decade has seen a surge in Bollywood biopics centered on women, reflecting broader cultural changes in India.
- Redefining the Hero: These films challenge traditional notions of heroism, portraying women as agents of change and empowerment.
- Beyond the Individual: The biopics highlight issues of gender inequality, discrimination, and societal expectations, sparking conversations about women's rights and representation.
- Diverse Representation: The films showcase women from various backgrounds, including athletes, activists, and historical figures, celebrating their achievements and struggles.
- Feminist Undertones: Many of these biopics carry feminist messages, emphasizing female strength, resilience, and the pursuit of dreams in the face of adversity.
- Critical and Commercial Success: Several women-centric biopics have achieved both critical acclaim and box office success, demonstrating the audience's growing appetite for such stories.

2.1.8. Literature Review: 8

Artist biopics frequently intertwine procreativity and creativity, revealing gendered narratives of suffering.

- Female Artists: often portrayed through physical struggles and body-related experiences, such as Camille Claudel's depiction as an abandoned muse, Artemisia Gentileschi's experience of violence, and Frida Kahlo's chronic pain. These portrayals reinforce societal views that female artists' experiences are inherently tied to their bodies.
- (Nochlin, Linda. "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" In Women, Art, and Power, Thames & Hudson, 1988; Pollock, Griselda. Vision and Difference: Femininity, Feminism and Histories of Art. Routledge, 1988; Garrard, Mary D. Artemisia Gentileschi: The Image of the Female Hero in Italian Baroque Art. Princeton University Press, 1989.)1
- Male Artists: typically depicted as suffering from psychological issues that manifest physically, seen in Vincent van Gogh's self-harm and the addiction narratives of Jackson Pollock and Jean-Michel Basquiat.
- These gender-specific narratives reflect and reinforce power imbalances embedded in art history, despite feminist critiques.

Artist biopics articulate art history through individual experiences, often rooted in myth.

- Characters are frequently seen as personifications of artistic genius, creative outsiders, or individuals marked by suffering.
- The enduring influence of Giorgio Vasari's biographical framework perpetuates artist stereotypes in contemporary perceptions.
- (Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. Various editions.)
- Early analyses, such as those by Kris and Kurz, reveal lasting preconceptions that persist in modern biographical narratives.
- (Kris, Ernst, and Otto Kurz. Legend, Myth, and Magic in the Image of the Artist. Yale University Press, 1979.)
- The 19th-century myth of the "bohemian artist," framing creativity as entwined with unpredictability and financial instability, continues to influence portrayals.
- (Jerrold, Blanchard. The Life of George Cruikshank. London: David Bogue, 1882.)
- Additional myths, such as the "art star," highlight commercial success while overlooking artists whose narratives do not align with established archetypes.

The film industry imposes restrictive narratives.

- Many artists struggle for recognition amidst a landscape dominated by male figures.
- The star phenomenon, where well-known actors portray artists, complicates these portrayals, blurring the lines between artist and performer.
- (Shingler, Martin, and Miller, Christine. On screen performance. Manchester University Press, 2017. Further research into film studies regarding star persona is needed.)
- Filmmakers often seek to create a vision of history that reflects their experiences and ideologies, and biopics can enhance the professional image of directors and producers.
- While biopics may lack significant commercial success, they continue to be produced, suggesting deeper motivations beyond financial viability.

An interdisciplinary study analyzing "Basquiat" (1996) and "Pollock" (2000) reveals how these films, while celebrating individual genius, also challenge stereotypes and align with critical conversations that deconstruct myths.

- ("Basquiat." Directed by Julian Schnabel, Miramax Films, 1996. "Pollock." Directed by Ed Harris, Sony Pictures Classics, 2000. Film reviews from publications like The New York Times, Variety, and Sight & Sound. Academic articles analyzing these specific films.)
- The analysis of production histories and narrative techniques provides insight into recurring themes that frame artists as iconic figures while overlooking political and social contexts.
- These films illustrate the transition from modernism to postmodernism in American art and raise questions about national art histories and how American identity is articulated through artists' narratives.

The artistic identities portrayed in biopics reflect broader questions about gender and ethnicity, underlining how representation influences filmmaking.

- A thorough examination of artistic processes, media representations, and historical perspectives reveals discrepancies between biographical facts and cinematic adaptations.
- The study also evaluates how myths and star legends shape public perceptions of artists and their contributions to art history.
- Observing artist partnerships, such as those of Lee Krasner and Andy Warhol, offers insight into the role of social connections.
- Aspects of intermediality within the films, as well as issues of originality and authorship, are explored to understand differing perspectives in historical narratives.
- Ultimately, artist biopics offer a complex and often contradictory representation of art history, perpetuating myths and stereotypes while providing opportunities for critical analysis and reinterpretation.
- An interdisciplinary approach is essential for understanding the intertwined narratives of artists and stars, and further research is needed to explore the evolving role of biopics in shaping public perceptions of art and artists.

2.1.9. Literature Review: 9

Themes Explored Through Basquiat and Pollock Biopics

The biopics of Jean-Michel Basquiat and Jackson Pollock serve as case studies for examining the construction of artists' myths and star legends in cinema. These films contribute to a "popular art history" that often diverges from scholarly art historical discourse.

Key Points

- Artists' Myths: The films perpetuate myths about artists as unrecognized geniuses, outsiders, and tragic figures, while also highlighting the art system and strategies for success.
- Star Legends: The biopics are influenced by star legends, with actors' own star images intertwining with the artists' stories.
- Gender and Ethnicity: The films explore gender and ethnic encodings, portraying Basquiat as a "black" artist in a predominantly "white" art world, and highlighting gender differences through the characters of Pollock and Lee Krasner.
- Authorship: The films raise questions about authorship, examining the roles of the artist, director, and actor in the creation and interpretation of the artist's story.
- Intermediality: The films utilize various media, such as photography, radio, and film itself, to depict the artists' creative processes and construct their images.
- Artistic Process: The biopics focus on the individual artist's creative journey, often glorifying the artist and potentially overshadowing the contributions of others in their circle.

THEMES EXPLORED THROUGH BASQUIAT AND POLLOCK BIOPICS

This book is an accessible overview of biographical fiction films of women and is structured around four of the most popular subjects of female biopics: queens and political figures; entertainers; writers; and subjects of current affairs.

While the biopic is commonly accepted as a deeply conservative cinematic form that represents glorification of the past and of the self-made individual, a number of biopics of women challenge all of these characterizations. They show the genre to be much more complicated and challenging to regressive ideas than has been proposed, and open to different formats and thematic possibilities.

In this context, it is worth mentioning that the author has also analyzed two biographical films about very famous American artists, Jackson Pollock and Jean-Michel Basquiat, in her previous book entitled "Projected Art History: Biopics, Celebrity Culture, and the Popularizing of American Art" (2014). In this book, she has analyzed how these two films have contributed to the construction of the image of these two artists in the public eye. She has also analyzed how these films have contributed to the popularization of American art.

Key Points

2.2. THEMES: LITERATURE REVIEW:

Evolution of the Biopic Genre:

- The analysis explores how the critical perspective on biopics has changed over time.
- Initially, there was a strong emphasis on historical accuracy and fidelity to source material, with early critiques accusing biopics of sacrificing facts for entertainment and relying on predictable narratives.
- Scholars like George Custen shifted the focus from mere accuracy to the social and cultural functions of biopics, recognizing their role in shaping public history and reflecting social ideals.
- Dennis Bingham further expanded on this, tracing the genre's evolution from traditional studio productions to postmodern and auteur-driven forms, and examining how biopics reflect and address social and cultural issues.
- More recent scholarship has broadened the scope to include the relationship between biopics and the construction of national identity, as well as examining international perspectives and the representation of marginalized groups.

Biopics and Public Memory:

- This theme delves into the complex relationship between biopics and public memory, highlighting how media representations shape our collective understanding of historical figures and events.
- It emphasizes that public memory is not a fixed entity but a fluid process influenced by cultural interpretations and mediated discourses, with media playing a crucial role in its construction.
- Biopics are identified as particularly powerful in shaping public memory due to their ability to introduce historical narratives to wide audiences, often becoming primary sources of information despite potential distortions.
- The analysis also explores how biopics can solidify specific interpretations, potentially limiting ongoing reassessment and challenging the notion of public memory's inherent fluidity, as illustrated by the case study of the David Foster Wallace biopic The End of the Tour.
- The impact of the #MeToo movement on reevaluating figures and challenging established narratives within biopics is also discussed.

Biopics and National Identity:

- This theme focuses on how biopics, particularly in the Indian context, contribute to the construction of national identity and cultural belonging.
- Indian biopics often serve to immortalize their subjects, constructing "notability" through narratives of extraordinary achievement and human determination.
- The sporting hero is frequently cast as a "national symbolic," embodying national aspirations and fostering a sense of collective identity.
- Biopics of non-sporting figures also play a role in shaping national identity, celebrating ordinary individuals who demonstrate extraordinary courage and resilience.
- The interplay between reality and representation is a key aspect, with Indian biopics often blending documentary elements with fictional narratives, creating a multilayered aesthetic that reflects the complexities of historical representation.

Political Biopics and Societal Anxiety:

- This theme examines the resurgence of political biopics during periods of societal upheaval, particularly the period between 2008 and 2013, defined by the global economic crisis.
- It argues that these films are not merely historical reconstructions but reflect contemporary concerns and anxieties about leadership, institutions, and societal values.
- The analysis explores the narrative strategies employed by these biopics, including the emphasis on psychological and physical characterization, the exploration of the public/private dichotomy, and the focus on specific episodes to symbolize key aspects of a leader's character or rule.
- The theme also examines how these biopics contribute to the myth-making process, shaping cultural perceptions of leadership and reflecting societal desires for strong, resilient leaders capable of navigating crises.

The Politics of Cinematic Representation:

- This theme, primarily focusing on the case of Cecil Rhodes, delves into how political forces, historical interpretations, and evolving cultural contexts influence the cinematic portrayal of historical figures.
- It highlights the role of political intervention and censorship in shaping historical narratives, as governments attempt to control the representation of controversial figures.
- The analysis also examines how filmmakers take liberties with historical accuracy to construct desired narratives, reflecting the subjectivity of historical representation and the influence of the political climate.
- The theme further explores how the representation of historical figures evolves over time, reflecting changing cultural attitudes towards imperialism, colonialism, and race.
- Ultimately, it emphasizes that biopics are a powerful site of ideological discourse, shaping historical memory and reflecting the ongoing struggle to reconcile with complex and contested pasts.

Caste, Cinema, and Cultural Memory:

- This theme, centered on the story of P.K. Rosy, the first female lead in Malayalam cinema, examines the complex interplay of caste, gender, and cinematic representation in early 20th-century Kerala.
- It explores how Rosy's disappearance due to caste-based violence is revisited through various forms, revealing the enduring impact of her experience on Kerala's cultural landscape and the "affective returns" associated with her story.
- The analysis delves into how Rosy's life narrative is fragmented and contested, reflecting the complexities of caste relations and the challenges of reconstructing subaltern histories.
- It also examines how the violent reaction to Rosy's appearance on screen was rooted in anxieties about the transgression of caste and gender boundaries, highlighting the intersection of social hierarchies and cinematic representation.
- The theme further discusses how biopics and other narratives engage with Rosy's life, attempting to recover lost voices and bridge the gap between fact and fiction, memory and loss, while also navigating the politics of exclusion and contested representations.

2.3. REFLECTIONS:

Evolution of the Biopic Genre:

Shift from Accuracy to Function: The evolution from prioritizing strict historical accuracy to understanding the social and cultural functions of biopics demonstrates a maturing of film criticism. It acknowledges that biopics are not just factual records but also interpretations that shape public understanding.

Reflection of Changing Social Values: The genre's evolution, from studio productions to postmodern forms, mirrors broader shifts in society and cultural values. This highlights how biopics are not produced in a vacuum but are deeply intertwined with their historical context.

Expansion to Marginalized Voices: The broadening scope to include marginalized groups is a crucial development. It signifies a move towards a more inclusive and diverse representation of history, challenging traditional narratives dominated by dominant groups.

Biopics and Public Memory:

Power of Media in Shaping Perception: Recognizing biopics as powerful shapers of public memory underscores the responsibility of filmmakers. The potential for distortion necessitates critical engagement with these narratives.

Fluidity vs. Solidification: The tension between the fluidity of public memory and the potential for biopics to solidify specific interpretations raises important questions about how we engage with history. It highlights the need for ongoing dialogue and reassessment.

Impact of Social Movements: The influence of movements like #MeToo on reevaluating historical figures demonstrates how contemporary social movements can prompt a re- examination of established narratives and challenge existing power structures within the construction of public memory.

2.3.1. BIOPICS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY:

Construction of "National Symbolics": The use of biopics to construct "national symbolics," particularly in the Indian context, reveals how cinema can be a tool for fostering national unity and shared values.

Blending Reality and Representation: The interplay between documentary elements and fictional narratives in Indian biopics highlights the complex nature of historical representation. It reflects the understanding that history is not a singular, fixed entity but a combination of facts and interpretations.

Celebrating Ordinary Resilience: The focus on non-sporting figures who demonstrate extraordinary courage broadens the definition of national heroes. It emphasizes that national identity is built on the achievements and resilience of ordinary individuals.

Political Biopics and Societal Anxiety:

Reflection of Contemporary Concerns: The resurgence of political biopics during times of societal upheaval indicates that these films are not simply historical documents but also reflections of contemporary anxieties and desires.

Myth-Making and Leadership: The role of political biopics in myth-making highlights the power of cinema to shape cultural perceptions of leadership. It also reveals how societies use these narratives to grapple with questions of authority and governance.

Narrative Strategies and Symbolism: The use of specific narrative strategies, such as focusing on the public/private dichotomy, demonstrates how filmmakers construct symbolic representations of leaders to convey broader messages about their character and rule.

The Politics of Cinematic Representation:

Influence of Political Forces: The case of Cecil Rhodes illustrates how political forces and censorship can shape the representation of historical figures. It underscores the importance of understanding the political context in which biopics are produced.

2.4. RESEARCH GAPS IDENTIFIED

1. Audience Reception and Emotional Impact (Across Age Groups):
- While the literature discusses the cultural and historical functions of biopics, there's less emphasis on the specific emotional and psychological effects on different age groups. Your objectives directly address this gap by focusing on the varying impacts on teenagers, adults, and older audiences.
- The literature reviews focus more on the film's intent and cultural impact, not on the individual viewer's experience. Your study can fill this gap by conducting empirical research on how different audience segments perceive and internalize biopic narratives.

2. Biopics and Career Choices/Life Decisions:
- The reviews touch on the aspirational nature of biopics, but they don't delve deeply into how these films influence career choices or life decisions,
particularly among young audiences. Your objectives to analyze this impact are a key contribution.
- The reviews discuss the impact of biopics on public memory and national identity. Your research will add to this by examining the effect on personal identity.

3. Biopics as Educational Tools vs. Entertainment:
- There's a lack of focused analysis on the balance between entertainment and education in biopics. Your objective to determine the extent to which biopics serve as a source of entertainment versus an aid in education will be very beneficial.
- The literature reviews do not focus on how viewers use biopics as educational tools.

4. Social Order and Disruption:
- While the reviews touch on how biopics shape national narratives, they don't extensively explore how these films reinforce or challenge prevailing social orders. Your objective to assess the role of biopics in centering or disrupting prevailing social order is a significant gap to fill.
- The reviews discuss the representation of marginalized groups, but your research can take this further by examining how biopics influence social beliefs and attitudes over time.

5. Long-Term Impact on Beliefs and Attitudes:
- The reviews primarily analyze the immediate impact of biopics. Your objective to investigate the effect of biopics composing the beliefs and attitudes of the audience over time is a novel approach.
- Long term effects of biopics on different age groups is not covered.

6. Cultural and Community-Specific Reception:
- While some reviews mention international perspectives, there's a need for more in-depth exploration of how biopics are received in specific communities and cultures. Your objective to explore the reception of biopics in different communities and their cultures will add great value.

7. Historical Understanding and Accuracy:
- The reviews deal with historical accuracy, but your research will add to this by assessing the implications of biopics on the understanding of history in general.
- The literature reviews mention the "reel vs. real" issue, but your study can provide empirical data on how viewers differentiate between dramatization and factual accuracy.

8. Contextual vs. Non Contextual biographical films.
- The reviews do not contain information regarding the variations in attention between contextual and non contextual biographical films.

Subjectivity of Historical Representation: The liberties taken by filmmakers with historical accuracy highlight the subjective nature of historical representation. It acknowledges that biopics are interpretations rather than objective accounts.

Evolution of Cultural Attitudes: The changing representation of figures like Rhodes over time reflects the evolution of cultural attitudes towards imperialism and colonialism. It demonstrates how historical narratives are constantly being reevaluated and reinterpreted.

Caste, Cinema, and Cultural Memory:

Intersection of Caste and Gender: The story of P.K. Rosy reveals the complex interplay of caste and gender in shaping cinematic representation and cultural memory. It underscores the importance of considering these intersecting identities.

Fragmentation and Contestation of Subaltern Histories: The fragmented and contested nature of Rosy's life narrative highlights the challenges of reconstructing subaltern histories. It also reveals the enduring impact of social hierarchies on memory and representation.

Affective Returns and Cultural Landscape: The concept of "affective returns" associated with Rosy's story emphasizes the emotional and cultural impact of her experience. It demonstrates how lost voices can continue to resonate and shape the cultural landscape

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 3

3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design is the conceptual framework that guides the collection, measurement, and analysis of data throughout the study. It outlines the entire research process, starting from the formulation of objectives and hypotheses to the final analysis of data. The research design for this study primarily focuses on the following elements:

(a) Formulation of Objectives
The research aims to analyze audience perceptions of Indian biopics, focusing on the influence of age, gender, and other demographic factors on their preferences and perceptions. It also seeks to understand the impact of biopics on historical awareness, education, and societal influences.
(b) Construction of Methods for Data Collection
Quantitative methods were used through a structured survey questionnaire, complemented by qualitative semi-structured interactions with selected respondents for deeper insights.
(c) Selection of the Sample
The study employed non-probability convenience sampling to select 110 respondents, including students, working professionals, and individuals from various states in India and Dubai. The sample was drawn from diverse backgrounds such as urban and rural areas, and various fields of education, ensuring a broad range of perspectives.
(d) Collection of Data
The data collection was conducted using online surveys distributed via Google Forms. This was supplemented by one-on-one semi-structured interactions for additional qualitative data.
(e) Processing and Analyzing Data
The collected data was analyzed using statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation to summarize trends and explore correlations between demographic factors and audience perceptions. Qualitative insights were also coded and thematically analyzed.
(f) Reporting of Findings:
The study’s findings were compiled to explore audience behavior, perceptions, and preferences regarding biopics. Patterns related to generational and gender-based differences in engagement with biopics were highlighted.

The research employed methods such as surveys, data coding, grouping of dependent variables, and statistical analysis to achieve its objectives. By focusing on age and gender as key variables, the study seeks to examine their influence on biopic perceptions and their impact on understanding Indian history and culture. Future recommendations include incorporating offline data collection methods for broader representation and enriching the dataset.

3.2. Pilot Study

Initially, the questionnaire consisting of around 75 questions was presented to the research guide, who suggested categorizing and refining them to 30–40 questions. Accordingly, the pilot study was conducted among 20 respondents. The sample included a diverse group: 10

undergraduate students and 10 working professionals from varied fields such as education, entertainment, and public service. Among the latter, the participants included a historian, two independent filmmakers specializing in biopics, and a social activist passionate about accurate historical representation.

During the pilot, one of the filmmakers suggested that the questions on biopics could delve deeper into the balance between creative liberties and historical accuracy. They felt that some existing questions were skewed towards valuing entertainment over factual representation. These questions were revisited, revised for neutrality, and sent back to the same filmmaker for feedback. Based on their suggestions, the questionnaire was refined further.

Overall, the pilot study respondents appreciated the intent and structure of the survey, noting that it successfully highlighted key issues like generational perspectives, entertainment vs. education in biopics, and how these films influence public memory. Their encouragement became a driving force to proceed with the research on a larger scale and with enhanced enthusiasm.

3.3. Quantitative Research Method

In quantitative research methods, observations are expressed predominantly in numerical terms. Usually, these research methods are conducted in forms such as surveys and experiments. This particular research is conducted based on a structured survey, focusing on audience perceptions of Indian biopics. The survey was distributed among individuals from diverse demographic backgrounds, including students, working professionals, and respondents from rural and urban regions.

The quantitative research is explanatory and employs statistical models to achieve comprehensive insights into audience opinions and viewing habits. As many quantitative research studies do, this research also attempts to answer questions about audience perceptions of Indian biopics through objective analysis. The statistical tools, such as frequency distribution, percentages, and inferential statistics (e.g., chi-square tests), were used to achieve the results.

Through this quantitative research, the researcher aims to develop precise explanations that characterize audience behavior toward biopics and their educational and emotional impact. The research question and objectives shaped the methodology, ensuring a clear and structured approach to studying audience preferences and trends in Indian cinema.

3.3.1. Survey Method

The survey method used in this research follows techniques that involve carefully recorded observations providing quantitative descriptions of relationships among variables. The diversity in age groups and balanced gender distribution among the respondents make this survey an effective method to study the influence of these variables.

In this survey, demographic factors such as geographic background and education were analyzed while keeping variables like gender constant. For instance, gender differences were controlled while observing how age groups or urban and rural backgrounds influenced opinions on Indian biopics. This approach allows for a focused examination of how responses vary based on other factors while isolating certain variables. The method ensures a systematic analysis of audience perceptions, maintaining a balance between inclusivity and analytical precision.

3.3.2. Data Collection

There is a significant amount of data required for this research, primarily gathered through structured surveys and semi-structured interactions. The survey collected quantitative data about respondents’ demographic backgrounds, including age, gender, occupation, education, and geographic areas. This helped in analyzing trends and perceptions specific to various groups.

In addition to the survey responses, qualitative data was collected through semi-structured discussions with selected participants to gain deeper insights. Limited offline data collection was conducted due to the predominant online focus of the survey, leading to underrepresentation of certain groups such as rural communities and individuals without formal education.

The researcher also utilized statistical tools like frequency analysis and percentages to interpret the demographic data. The survey explored variables like frequency of watching biopics, educational value, and audience perceptions of historical accuracy. This comprehensive approach aimed to understand both the emotional and intellectual impact of Indian biopics on diverse populations.

3.3.3. Sample

Sampling was conducted among individuals who watched Indian biopics, including students, working professionals, and respondents from diverse geographic areas. A total of 110 responses were collected, primarily through online surveys, with a focus on younger audiences and students.

This study used a non-probability sampling method for convenience, prioritizing accessibility and ease of data collection. Due to its online nature, the sample primarily included tech-savvy and urban participants, leading to an underrepresentation of rural and less formally educated respondents. Students from various fields, such as Engineering, Science, Commerce, and Arts, formed the majority, as they were considered most suitable for answering the survey questions.

Although the researcher reached out to 900 potential participants, only 110 responses were received within the given timeframe. Future studies might address this limitation by incorporating offline methods and expanding outreach to capture broader demographic representation.

3.3.4. Administration of Survey Questionnaire

Survey is one of the essential methods of data collection which was deliberately formulated, keeping its different elements in mind, for example: prevalent form, sequence, construction, and wording of questions/questionnaires. The researcher conducted it among chosen participants, with an appeal to respond to the questions and return the completed forms. The questionnaires consisted mostly of closed-ended questions, significant to the objectives of the research and aimed at evoking both personal and demographic information.

The questionnaires were meticulously worded, with clear orientation and instructions to assist the sample population in completing them accurately. After the participants had filled out the details on the sheets, the questionnaires were collected for analysis. It was observed that the

respondents, whether students or professionals, demonstrated sincerity and diligence in providing their responses.

The analyses of the survey data were utilized to provide the researcher with a comprehensive understanding of the perspectives and demographics of the respondents.

3.3.4.1. Questionnaires classification

Part – A: Demographic Details of Respondents

Focuses on age, gender, occupation, education, geographic area, and family structure to categorize the respondents.

Part – B: Frequency and Purpose of Watching Biopics

Covers viewing habits, motivations (e.g., inspiration, education, entertainment), and factors influencing engagement with biopics.

Part – C: Perceptions of Historical Accuracy

Examines how respondents perceive the factual accuracy of biopics and their potential for historical distortion.

Part – D: Emotional and Societal Impact

Focuses on how biopics influence emotions, life choices, and societal perceptions of historical and cultural narratives.

Part – E: Generational Perspectives on Biopics

Explores differences in engagement and preferences between younger and older audiences, including entertainment versus historical focus.

Part – F: Gender and Biopic Preferences

Analyzes how gender influences viewing habits, emotional engagement, and perceptions of authenticity in biopics.

Part – G: Influence of Occupation and Education

Investigates how educational and occupational backgrounds shape responses to biopics, including their inspirational and motivational elements.

Part – H: Cultural and Geographic Diversity

Studies the role of geographic area (urban, rural, metro) in shaping biopic preferences and perceptions, highlighting cultural influences.

3.3.5. Informed Consents

Whenever human beings are used as the subject of research, it is indispensable to acquire informed consent from the concerned parties or competent authorities on ethical grounds. The researcher sent a note to all the respondents, assuring them that the information provided in their responses would be used solely for academic purposes and would not be shared with any third party. The participants, particularly the students, exhibited great enthusiasm and participated wholeheartedly in the proceedings.

The information gathered from the semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires proved to be highly advantageous in addressing some of the main and sub-questions of the research, offering valuable insights to the researcher.

This classification ensures a comprehensive analysis of the data collected, covering key aspects of audience behavior and perception regarding Indian biopics.

3.4. Variables

A Variable is a characteristic of the research which changes yet affect the other characteristics involved with the research. There are several variables identified in the research and they are listed below.

3.4.1. Independent Variables

Independent variables in this study include factors like Age Groups (15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 44 and above), Gender(male, female, and the absence of non-binary representation), Occupation(students, employed, and unemployed), Education Background(undergraduate, postgraduate, secondary education, vocational training, primary education), Geographic Area (urban, metro, rural), Family Type (nuclear, joint, single-parent, extended), and Field of Study or Faculty(Technology, Science, Commerce, Arts). These variables were analyzed to observe their impact on audience perceptions of biopics, revealing how demographic and personal factors shape preferences and engagement with the genre.

3.4.2. Dependent Variables

The dependent variables were audience responses and perceptions shaped by the independent variables. These included:

- Frequency of watching biopics
- Views on historical accuracy
- Motivations for watching biopics
- Educational influence of biopics
- Preference for specific genres or figures
- Emotional and societal impact of biopics

Table 1 : Description of Dependent Variables

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

3.5. MEASUREMENT

Measurement refers to assigning numbers to variables according to a particular system. In this research the responses were numbered according to reverse coding. The demographic information about the respondents were also assigned numbers according to the category. But these numbers are only labels for the categories and there is no measure of the degree to which a variable is present. These are called nominal level measurement. The nominal level measurement was given to variables such as age, gender, educational status, geographical location and the state or the union territories the respondents live in. Their data obtained from these measurements is called as categorical data. They refer to the level of variables such as educational status which varies from illiteracy (no formal education to Post-Doctoral studies). The ordinal level measurement is used to rank the levels of understanding of the various statements and variables that are given in the research.

3.6. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is an expectation about events based on generalization of the assumed relationship between variables. Such assumptions become very important in a research so that the researcher begins the process at a point. Here the hypothesis is the various possibilities of perceptions and preconceived notions about biopics and their influence on audience understanding of history and culture. The study assumes that demographic factors like age, gender, education, and geographic background significantly impact audience perceptions. A directional hypothesis is employed, suggesting differences between these demographic factors and their influence on biopic preferences, accuracy concerns, and emotional engagement. Additionally, a null hypothesis is considered, positing no significant relationship between demographic factors and these preferences. The findings lean towards validating the null hypothesis, indicating no substantial relationships. This research aims to explore the nuanced interplay between viewer demographics and biopic interpretation, analyzing variables such as generational divides, historical accuracy concerns, and cultural impact. The study’s approach illustrates the complexities in audience perception of biopics, influenced by diverse sociocultural and personal factors.

Major Hypothesis 1

The age of the respondent significantly influences their perceptions, motivations, and interpretations of biopics.

Sub-hypothesis- age

The age of the respondent influences their preference for biopics about historical vs. contemporary figures.

The age of the respondent impacts their focus on entertainment value and glamour in biopics.

The age of the respondent affects their preference for fields of personalities portrayed in biopics, such as sports, politics, or science.

The age of the respondent influences their perception of historical accuracy and exaggeration in biopics.

The age of the respondent shapes their primary motivation for watching biopics, whether for inspiration, education, or entertainment.

The age of the respondent determines their frequency of watching biopics and choice of subject matter.

The age of the respondent affects how emotionally impactful biopics are when the subject is familiar.

The age of the respondent moderates the perceived educational value of biopics.

The age of the respondent influences their awareness of historical inaccuracies or dramatizations in biopics.

The age of the respondent impacts their likelihood of recognizing political or ideological narratives within biopics.

The age of the respondent affects their opinions on the exaggeration of conflicts or achievements portrayed in biopics.

The age of the respondent influences their preference for educational over entertainment value in biopics.

The age of the respondent moderates their sensitivity to gender representation in biopics. The age of the respondent shapes their perception of national pride as highlighted in biopics.

The age of the respondent determines their response to regional and cultural themes depicted in biopics.

Sub-hypothesis – Gender

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Preference for Historical Figures in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Preference for Contemporary Figures in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Focus on Historical Accuracy in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Engagement with the Emotional and Motivational Aspects of Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Preference for Biopics Highlighting National Pride.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Perception of Exaggeration in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Likelihood of Discussing Biopics with Friends or Family.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Career Aspirations Influenced by Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Perception of Gender Representation in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Preference for Biopics Featuring Female Protagonists.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Emotional Connection to Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Criticism of Historical Accuracy in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Perception of Biopics as Educational Tools.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Response to Biopics Highlighting Social Issues.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Engagement with Biopics Featuring National Pride.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Preference for Biopics About Sports Personalities.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Opinion About the Exaggeration of Conflict in Biopics.

The gender of the respondent will not have any significant influence on their Discussion of Biopics with Family and Friends.

Major Hypothesis 2

Biopics have a greater impact on younger generations due to their focus on entertainment and glamour, while older generations are influenced more by the historical accuracy and educational value of these films.

Sub-hypothesis

Biopics appeal to younger generations by emphasizing cinematic storytelling, glamour, and entertainment.

Biopics resonate with older generations by portraying historical accuracy and educational significance.

The preferences of younger audiences lean toward motivational and engaging narratives in biopics.

The preferences of older audiences prioritize the authenticity and factual representation of historical events.

FINDINGS, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 4

4.1. Demographic Profile

Biographical films, commonly known as biopics, play a crucial role in Indian cinema by portraying the lives of historical and contemporary figures. This study aims to analyze audience perceptions of Indian biopics using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research methodology involved a structured survey distributed among participants from different states, including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Puducherry, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, and Dubai. Respondents came from diverse backgrounds, including urban and rural areas, with varying educational and occupational statuses. While the study successfully gathered insights from students and working professionals, individuals without formal education were underrepresented due to the online nature of the survey. Some respondents engaged in semi-structured interactions with the researcher, providing further depth to the findings.

The demographic profile of the respondents indicates that the majority belonged to the 15-24 and 35-44 age groups. A significant portion (68.23%) were between 16-25 years old, primarily students. The gender distribution was nearly balanced, with men slightly outnumbering women. However, gender did not significantly influence responses to many survey questions. Most respondents had an educational background ranging from secondary education to postgraduate degrees, with 79% having completed an undergraduate or postgraduate program. The geographical distribution revealed that 64% of respondents came from urban clusters, 24% from urbanized areas, and 12% from rural villages. Due to pandemic-related restrictions, rural participation was lower than expected. Tamil Nadu had the highest number of respondents (61.7%), followed by participants from other states and international locations.

Regarding biopic viewing habits, most respondents reported watching Indian biopics at least occasionally. Students exhibited the highest engagement, with many watching biopics "very often," whereas working professionals were more selective. Women preferred biopics featuring contemporary figures, particularly those from the Arts and Entertainment sector, while men gravitated toward historical figures, especially in the fields of Military, Defense, and Sports. Urban audiences showed greater interest in biopics about social reformers, whereas rural respondents were more inclined toward biopics depicting political and religious figures.

The survey further examined the perceived impact of biopics on Indian society. Many respondents viewed biopics as valuable educational tools that introduce audiences to important

historical and contemporary figures. A common belief was that biopics serve as sources of inspiration, highlighting perseverance and success in the face of adversity. Several respondents emphasized that biopics help bring forgotten historical figures into public memory, increasing awareness about their contributions. Additionally, biopics were seen as a way to preserve and promote Indian culture, particularly when focused on freedom fighters and social activists. However, there were also concerns about the negative aspects of biopics, such as the distortion of facts for dramatic purposes. A notable portion of respondents felt that biopics often glorify individuals excessively, presenting them as flawless heroes rather than complex human beings. There were also concerns about political agendas, with some respondents believing that biopics were used as propaganda tools to shape public opinion. Moreover, students and younger audiences expressed concerns that the growing popularity of biopics has led to a decline in original storytelling in Indian cinema.

A gender-based analysis revealed that women were more likely to perceive biopics as inspirational, while men tended to be more critical regarding their accuracy and influence. Women largely focused on biopics’ motivational aspects, whereas men were more skeptical, often questioning the historical accuracy of such films. Despite these differences, both men and women agreed that biopics have a stronger emotional impact when the viewer is already familiar with the person being depicted.

The occupation-based analysis revealed further distinctions in perception. Students were the most frequent viewers of biopics, especially those centered around sports, entertainment, and young achievers. In contrast, employed individuals were more selective, preferring political and historical biopics. Students were also more likely to believe that biopics inspire and educate, whereas working professionals had a more skeptical approach, often questioning the agenda behind certain films. While many students expressed concerns about the decline in original storytelling, working professionals were divided on the issue, with some believing that biopics serve to highlight overlooked historical figures rather than replace original content.

In conclusion, the survey findings indicate that Indian biopic films have a significant influence on audiences. While biopics serve as powerful tools for education and inspiration, they also raise concerns regarding accuracy, propaganda, and over-glorification. Students and women generally view biopics more favorably, whereas men and working professionals tend to be more skeptical. Younger audiences are more engaged with biopics, perceiving them as motivational narratives rather than purely historical accounts. However, concerns about historical distortion and the decline of original scriptwriting in Indian cinema remain prevalent among critical viewers. Despite these varying perceptions, biopics continue to be a dominant force in Indian cinema, shaping public understanding of history, culture, and contemporary figures.

Table 2: Age wise categorization

1. Age wise categorization of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

Most of the respondents (84.55%) fall in the 15 to 24 age group, meaning the dataset is overwhelmingly dominated by young individuals. The 25 to 44 age ranges combined make up only 8%, and the 44 and above group has a slightly better presence at 7.27%.

Reflections

Since younger individuals are more active online and likely to participate in surveys, their high presence here isn’t surprising. However, this also means that perspectives from older generations—those who may have different experiences and insights—are largely missing.

Interpretation

The findings are likely heavily influenced by youthful opinions, trends, and preferences. If the goal is to get a balanced perspective across all age groups, future surveys should focus on increasing participation from middle-aged and older individuals, possibly through different outreach methods like workplace distribution or offline engagement.

Table 3: Gender wise distribution

2. Gender wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

The survey results are evenly split between males and females, ensuring an unbiased gender perspective.

Reflections

It’s great to see a balanced gender representation, as this ensures both male and female perspectives are equally considered. However, there is no representation of non-binary or gender-diverse individuals, which suggests the survey may not have been fully inclusive in its gender options or outreach.

Interpretation

While the equal male-female ratio makes the dataset fair, future surveys should consider making gender options more inclusive to reflect a broader range of identities.

Table 4: Occupation wise distribution

3. Occupation wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

A huge majority (73.64%) of respondents are students, while only 17.27% are employed, and 9.09% are unemployed.

Reflections

Since students dominate this dataset, the responses are likely influenced by their academic and future career-focused perspectives. The low number of employed individuals means that real- world job market experiences may be underrepresented.

Interpretation

If the survey aims to reflect working professionals’ viewpoints, additional outreach to workplaces and job-seeking communities would help. The current dataset mainly captures the perspectives of students, not experienced professionals.

Table 5: Faculty wise distribution

4. Faculty wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

Most respondents come from technical and science fields (53.63%), with a fairly even split between Commerce (20.91%) and Arts (20%).

Reflections

This means the dataset is dominated by people who think in data-driven, logical, and analytical ways—as is common with tech and science backgrounds. Humanities, arts, and creative perspectives are significantly lower in number.

Interpretation

To create a more balanced dataset, getting more responses from humanities, arts, and management students would be valuable. These fields bring different perspectives that could enrich the study’s findings.

Table 6 : Education background wise distribution

5. Education Background wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

The dataset is made up of highly educated individuals, with 65.45% holding a Bachelor’s degree and another 21.82% with a Master’s or Ph.D.

Reflections

Since most responses come from well-educated individuals, their perspectives may not represent those with less formal education. This might bias the dataset toward academically inclined viewpoints.

Interpretation

To create a more inclusive dataset, efforts should be made to reach people with diverse educational backgrounds, including those who pursued vocational training or self-taught paths.

Table 7: Geographic area wise distribution

6. Geographic area wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

Most respondents are from urban (51.82%) and metro (34.55%) areas, with only 13.64% from rural areas.

Reflections

This highlights a strong urban bias in the dataset. Rural perspectives—which might include different cultural, social, and economic viewpoints—are underrepresented.

Interpretation

To ensure that the survey represents the entire population, it would be beneficial to increase rural participation through offline methods.

Table 8: Family type wise distribution

7. Family type wise distribution of the respondents

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Observations

The nuclear family structure (58.18%) is the most common, while joint families (22.73%) still have a significant presence. Single-parent families (13.64%) are also notable.

Reflections

This reflects the modern shift toward nuclear families, especially in urban settings. The presence of single-parent families is a key insight, suggesting that many individuals grow up in non-traditional family structures.

Interpretation

This diversity in family types could impact opinions on family-related topics. It would be interesting to analyze how perspectives vary between nuclear, joint, and single-parent households.

4.2. SURVEY QUESTIONS

4.2.1. UNDERSTANDING OF BIOPICS

How Often Do People Watch Biopic Films? Observations

Many respondents watch biopic films occasionally or very often, indicating a significant interest in the genre. However, some rarely watch them, which could suggest a selective audience that prefers only certain types of biographical narratives.

Reflections

This pattern suggests that while biopics remain a popular choice, their viewership depends on the subject matter, cast, and production quality. Those who watch them rarely might find them less engaging or prefer other genres.

Interpretation

The varied frequency of watching biopics suggests that while many see them as a valuable genre, they may not be universally appealing. The entertainment factor plays a crucial role in their consumption.

Do Biopics Influence Understanding of Indian History and Culture? Observations

A large portion of respondents (52%) believe biopics somewhat influence their understanding of history and culture, while 41% feel they have a strong impact. A small minority (5%) believe biopics do not contribute at all to historical knowledge.

Reflections

These responses highlight the educational value of biopics, but also indicate skepticism about their historical accuracy. Some respondents may feel that creative liberties taken in biopics dilute their factual authenticity.

Interpretation

Biopics serve as a bridge between entertainment and education, shaping public perceptions of history. However, their effectiveness as historical sources depends on their factual accuracy.

Are Biopics A Good Educational Tool? Observations

A majority (61%) believe biopics are useful for education, while 40% were uncertain. Only 9% disagreed, implying that while most people see value in biopics for learning, some question their accuracy or effectiveness.

Reflections

The strong agreement indicates that biopics play a role in informal education. However, the uncertainty and disagreement reflect concerns that some biopics prioritize storytelling over accuracy.

Interpretation

Biopics have educational potential, but their reliability as learning tools varies based on how faithfully they portray historical events.

Do Biopics Create a Larger-Than-Life Image of Their Subjects? Observations

47% of respondents agreed that biopics tend to exaggerate their subjects, while 54% said they "sometimes" do. Only 9% believed biopics do not exaggerate at all.

Reflections

The perception of exaggeration in biopics suggests that audiences recognize the dramatic storytelling techniques filmmakers use to engage viewers.

Interpretation

Biopics blend fact and fiction, often making their subjects appear more heroic or dramatic than reality.

Are Younger and Older Generations Affected Differently by Biopics? Observations

41% of respondents believe younger audiences are influenced by the glamour and entertainment value of biopics. 26% believe older audiences are more focused on historical accuracy.

Reflections

The generational divide suggests that younger viewers enjoy the storytelling aspects, while older viewers are more concerned with authenticity.

Interpretation

This distinction highlights how different age groups engage with biopics, shaping their impact on historical awareness.

4.2.2. Viewing Habits and General Perceptions

1. How often do you watch Indian biopic films?

The survey revealed that a majority of respondents watch Indian biopics at least occasionally, with students being the most frequent viewers. Young adults aged 16-25 reported watching biopics more regularly compared to older participants. Women were slightly more likely to watch biopics frequently, while working professionals watched them selectively based on the subject matter.

2. What is the primary reason you watch biopic films?

Respondents highlighted various reasons for watching biopics. The most common motivations included seeking inspiration from real-life stories, gaining historical knowledge, and appreciating strong performances by actors. Many students noted that sports and entertainment- based biopics were particularly motivating, while professionals preferred political and military- based biopics for their historical significance.

3. Do you think biopic films accurately portray the lives of the individuals they depict?

There were mixed opinions regarding the accuracy of biopics. While many respondents acknowledged that biopics provide an overview of significant personalities, a large portion expressed skepticism about factual distortion and dramatization. Men were more likely to question the historical accuracy of biopics, whereas women were more likely to see them as emotionally engaging stories.

4. Do you feel biopic films influence your understanding of Indian history and culture?

Most respondents agreed that biopics contribute to their understanding of Indian history and culture. Biopics about freedom fighters, social activists, and historical leaders were particularly praised for their educational value. However, some participants noted that biased portrayals could mislead audiences.

5. Do you find biopic films to be more inspiring than fictional films?

A significant portion of the audience found biopic films more inspiring than fictional movies, mainly because they depict real-life struggles and achievements. Younger viewers and students were particularly influenced by biopics that showcased sports figures, entrepreneurs, and social reformers.

4.2.3. Impact of Performances and Popularity

6. How much does the actor's performance impact your enjoyment of a biopic?

Most respondents agreed that a strong lead performance greatly enhances a biopic’s impact. Recognizable actors playing historical figures were seen as an important factor in the film’s success. However, some participants noted that over-dramatization could overshadow the real story.

7. Do you think biopic films promote national pride?

A significant number of respondents believed that biopics contribute to a sense of national pride, especially those that highlight freedom fighters, scientists, and sports achievements. However, some participants were concerned that certain biopics exaggerate nationalistic sentiments for political purposes.

8. Do you feel that biopics are more popular now than in previous decades?

The majority of respondents observed that biopics have gained significant popularity in recent years, particularly due to increased media coverage and digital streaming platforms. Younger audiences were more engaged with recent biopic releases, whereas older respondents compared them to classic biographical films.

9. Do you discuss biopic films with friends or family after watching them?

Most respondents reported discussing biopic films with others, particularly when the films had historical or political themes. Students and younger audiences were more likely to engage in debates about the accuracy and message of a biopic.

10. Do you think that biopics influence your career choices or life goals?

A notable portion of younger respondents stated that biopics have influenced their career aspirations, especially those featuring sports figures, scientists, and entrepreneurs. However, working professionals were less likely to say that biopics had an impact on their career decisions.

4.2.3. Educational Value and Societal Impact

11. Do you think that biopics are a good tool for educational purposes?

Most respondents agreed that biopics serve as an educational tool, particularly for history and social awareness. However, some participants cautioned that dramatic embellishments in biopics could misrepresent historical facts.

12. Do you think younger generations are more influenced by the glamour and entertainment value of biopics?

A majority of participants believed that younger viewers are drawn to the glamour and entertainment aspects of biopics, often valuing high production quality and dramatic storytelling over historical accuracy.

13. Do you think older generations are more interested in the historical accuracy of biopics?

Respondents agreed that older generations focus more on the historical accuracy of biopics, often expressing concerns about exaggeration and fictionalization.

14. What is the most significant positive impact of biopic films on Indian society?

The most frequently mentioned positive impacts included inspiration, education, and the revival of forgotten historical figures. Many respondents appreciated how biopics highlight social issues and encourage national pride.

15. What is the most significant negative impact of biopic films on Indian society?

The biggest concerns were historical distortion, excessive glorification of personalities, and potential political propaganda. Some respondents felt that certain biopics manipulate facts to serve a specific agenda.

4.2.4. Themes and Representation

16. Do you believe that some biographical films are used as propaganda?

There was a clear divide in responses, with some believing that biopics are sometimes politically motivated, while others saw them as purely entertainment-driven narratives.

17. Do you prefer biopics about historical figures or contemporary figures?

Men and older respondents preferred historical figures, whereas younger viewers and women were more interested in contemporary figures.

18. Which field of personality or contemporary figure do you prefer for biopics?

- Sports and Entertainment: Most popular among students and younger audiences.
- Politics and Military: Preferred by older viewers and working professionals.
- Science, Innovation, and Social Activism: Gained strong interest from respondents who value biopics for educational purposes.

4.2.5. Impact on the Film Industry

19. Do you think that the increased popularity of biopics has caused a decline in original scriptwriting in the Indian film industry?

A significant number of respondents felt that the rise of biopics has led to fewer original stories in Indian cinema. However, others argued that biopics bring attention to real-life heroes who may otherwise be forgotten.

20. Do you think that biopics create a larger-than-life image of the person being portrayed?

Many participants agreed that biopics often exaggerate their subjects, turning them into legendary figures rather than portraying them as flawed individuals.

21. Do you think that the emotional impact of a biopic is more powerful when the viewer is already familiar with the person being depicted?

A vast majority agreed that knowing about the person beforehand enhances the emotional connection, making the film more impactful.

4.3. Pie Charts and Interpretation

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Fig 8: Age pie chart

The pie chart represents the age distribution of 110 respondents. The largest segment, 84.5%, falls within the 15 to 24 years age group, indicating that the majority of respondents are young individuals. A smaller portion, 7.3%, belongs to the 44 and above category, showing that older respondents make up a minor fraction of the total. Other age groups, such as 25 to 34 years and 35 to 44 years, are present but in smaller proportions.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that the majority of respondents are young adults, with a significantly lower representation of older individuals. This distribution may reflect the demographic composition of the survey participants, possibly influenced by factors such as accessibility, interest in the topic, or the nature of the survey itself.

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Fig 9: Gender pie chart

The pie chart represents the gender distribution of 110 responses, showing an equal split between male and female respondents, each making up 50% of the total. The chart uses blue to represent male respondents and red for female respondents. While the legend also includes an option for "Prefer not to say," it is not represented in the chart, indicating that none of the respondents selected this category.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that the responses were evenly distributed between male and female participants, creating a balanced representation of gender in the dataset. This balance could indicate an equitable reach across different demographics, ensuring diverse perspectives in the survey results.

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Fig 10: Occupation pie chart

The pie chart titled "OCCUPATION" represents the distribution of 110 responses across different occupational categories. The largest segment, 73.6%, consists of students, indicating that the majority of respondents are currently pursuing education. 17.3% of respondents are employed, suggesting that a smaller portion is engaged in professional work. Meanwhile, 9.1% of respondents are unemployed, reflecting those who are not currently working or studying.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that students form the dominant group among respondents, highlighting a strong academic presence. Employment is represented but in a much smaller proportion, while unemployment accounts for a minority of responses. This distribution provides insight into the respondents' occupational status, possibly influenced by factors such as age, education level, or economic conditions.

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Fig 11: Education Background pie chart

Overall Interpretation:

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Fig12:Faculty pie chart

The pie chart represents the distribution of faculty responses among 110 respondents. The largest segment, 28.2%, belongs to Political faculty, indicating that this category has the highest representation. Commerce faculty follows closely with 25.5%, suggesting a strong presence in this field. Science faculty accounts for 20.9%, showing a significant interest in scientific disciplines. Arts faculty makes up 20%, reflecting a notable engagement in creative and humanities-related subjects.

Smaller percentages are allocated to Tech, English language, Maths, and Computers, represented by thin slices in various colours. These categories have lower representation compared to the major faculties.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that Political and Commerce faculties are the most represented among respondents, followed by Science and Arts. The lower percentages for Tech, English language, Maths, and Computers indicate that these fields have a smaller presence in the dataset. This distribution highlights the varying levels of interest across different academic disciplines.

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Fig13:Geographical details pie chart

The pie chart titled "GEOGRAPHIC DETAILS" represents the distribution of 110 responses across different geographic areas. The largest segment, 51.8%, corresponds to Urban areas, indicating that most respondents reside in cities or towns. 34.5% of respondents belong to Metro areas, suggesting a significant portion lives in major metropolitan regions. Meanwhile, 13.6% of respondents are from Rural areas, showing a smaller representation of individuals from countryside locations.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that the majority of respondents come from urban and metro areas, with rural representation being comparatively lower. This distribution may reflect broader demographic trends, where urbanization continues to shape population dynamics.

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Fig14:Type of family pie chart

The pie chart represents the distribution of different types of families among 110 respondents. The majority, 58.2%, belong to nuclear families, indicating that this is the most prevalent family structure. 22.7% of respondents are part of joint families, suggesting that extended familial living arrangements remain significant in some households. Meanwhile, 13.6% come from single-parent families, showing that this structure is also common among the respondents. A smaller percentage, 5.5%, live in extended families, which typically include multiple generations living together.

Overall Interpretation:

The data suggests that nuclear families are the dominant family structure among the respondents, followed by joint families. Single-parent families and extended families are present but in smaller proportions. This distribution reflects diverse living arrangements, possibly influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors.

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Fig15:QT 1 pie chart

Based on the pie chart, the data reveals that the primary reason people watch biopic films is to learn about historical figures, with 51.8% of responses reflecting this motivation. A significant portion, 25.5%, watches them for entertainment purposes. Another notable segment, 19.1%, views them to gain inspiration. Smaller percentages indicate other reasons like passing time, having no interest, or simply wanting to understand historical events.

This suggests that biopic films serve multiple roles—educating audiences, providing entertainment, and inspiring viewers. However, the dominant trend highlights how they are often valued for their informational and historical insights.

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Fig16:QT 2 pie chart

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Fig17:QT 3 pie chart

The pie chart illustrates the opinions of respondents on whether biopic films accurately portray the lives of the individuals they depict. The largest group, 44.5%, believes that biopics usually remain faithful to real events but include some dramatization. Meanwhile, 25.5% trust that these films are always accurate, suggesting a strong belief in their authenticity. However, 20.9% think biopics are sometimes exaggerated, while 9.1% believe they rarely reflect reality.

Overall, while most viewers acknowledge some level of dramatization, the majority still see biopics as generally reliable sources of historical storytelling.

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Fig18:QT 4 pie chart

The data highlights how biopic films influence viewers' understanding of Indian history and culture. A significant portion, 47.3%, believes these films somewhat contribute to their historical awareness, indicating that while they provide valuable insights, people may also rely on other sources for a more complete perspective. Meanwhile, 37.3% feel that biopics influence their understanding very much, suggesting that many viewers find them to be an impactful medium for learning about India's past. However, 10.9% express skepticism, stating that these films do not influence much, possibly due to concerns over dramatization or inaccuracies in storytelling. A smaller group, 4.5%, believes biopic films do not influence their understanding at all, likely viewing them as entertainment rather than reliable historical accounts. Overall, the findings suggest that biopic films do shape people's knowledge of Indian history and culture to varying degrees, depending on personal perceptions and how the films are presented.

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Fig19:QT 5 pie chart

The data reveals how viewers perceive the inspirational impact of biopic films compared to fictional films. Out of 110 respondents, 41.8% believe that biopic films are more inspiring, suggesting that real-life stories and achievements resonate with them deeply. The largest group, 51.8%, feels that the level of inspiration depends on the specific biopic, highlighting the importance of storytelling, accuracy, and subject matter in shaping audience perception. A small percentage of respondents do not find biopics more inspiring than fictional films, indicating that some prefer fictional narratives for their creativity and emotional depth. Overall, the findings suggest that biopic films do have an inspiring effect on audiences, but the extent varies based on individual preferences and the quality of the film itself.

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Fig20:QT 6 pie chart

The pie chart illustrates how much the actors' performance impacts viewers' enjoyment of a biopic. The majority of respondents, 55.5%, believe that the actors' performance influences their enjoyment very much, indicating that strong performances are crucial in making biopics engaging and believable. Another 30% feel that performances somewhat affect their experience, suggesting that while acting is important, other factors like storytelling and direction also play a role. Meanwhile, 11.8% think performances have very little impact, meaning they may prioritize historical accuracy or plot over acting. A small fraction, 2.7%, believe that performances do not impact their enjoyment at all, implying that they focus on the story itself rather than the actors' portrayal.

Overall, the data suggests that actors' performances are a significant factor in shaping audience engagement with biopic films, with the majority valuing strong and convincing portrayals.

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Fig21:QT 7 pie chart

The data suggests that biopic films play a significant role in promoting national pride, with 60% of respondents agreeing that these films contribute to a sense of patriotism and cultural identity. This indicates that many viewers feel inspired by the portrayal of historical figures and events, reinforcing their connection to their country's heritage. However, 32.7% of respondents remain neutral, suggesting that while they acknowledge the potential impact of biopic films, they may not view them as a primary driver of national pride. A smaller percentage of respondents do not believe that biopic films promote national pride, possibly seeing them more as entertainment rather than historical or patriotic narratives. Overall, the findings highlight how biopic films can influence national sentiment, though their impact varies based on individual perspectives and the content of the films themselves.

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Fig22: QT 8 pie chart

The data suggests that biopic films have grown in popularity over the years, with 54.5% of respondents agreeing that they are more popular now than in previous decades. This increase in interest may be due to advancements in filmmaking, improved storytelling techniques, and a greater appreciation for real-life narratives that provide historical and cultural insights. However, 31.8% of respondents are unsure about this trend, possibly indicating that biopic films have always had a steady audience or that their rise in popularity is not universally recognized. Meanwhile, 13.6% of respondents do not believe biopic films have gained popularity, suggesting that they view them as consistently niche or overshadowed by other genres. Overall, while most people acknowledge the growing prominence of biopics in cinema, the perception of their popularity remains varied among audiences.

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Fig23: QT 9 pie chart

The pie chart illustrates how often people discuss biopic films with friends or family after watching them. The largest portion of respondents, 47.3%, rarely engage in discussions about these films, suggesting that while biopics may be interesting, they do not frequently inspire conversation. A smaller but notable percentage, 23.6%, frequently discuss biopic films, indicating that some viewers find them compelling enough to share their thoughts with others. Meanwhile, 21.8% of respondents discuss biopics sometimes, showing a moderate level of engagement. The smallest segment, 7.3%, never discusses biopics, implying that these films hold little conversational interest for them. Overall, the data suggests that biopic films do spark discussions, but primarily among a select group of viewers, with most people discussing them only occasionally or rarely.

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Fig24: QT 10 pie chart

The pie chart illustrates how biopic films influence individuals' career choices and life goals. Among the 110 respondents, 28.2% believe that biopics directly impact their aspirations, suggesting that these films inspire viewers by showcasing real-life achievements and struggles. A larger portion, 45.5%, responded with "Maybe," indicating that while biopics may have some influence, their impact depends on the subject matter and personal circumstances. Meanwhile, 26.4% of respondents do not feel that biopics affect their career or life decisions, implying that they view these films primarily as entertainment rather than sources of motivation. Overall, the data suggests that biopic films have the potential to shape career aspirations and life goals, but their influence varies among individuals based on personal perspectives and experiences.

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Fig25: QT 11 pie chart

the data reveals that the majority of respondents 55.5% view biopics as good tools for educational purposes, reflecting a strong belief in their ability to inform and educate audiences. A significant portion, 36.4%, remains uncertain, indicating mixed opinions likely influenced by concerns over dramatization versus factual accuracy. Lastly, a smaller percentage of 8.2% disagrees, suggesting skepticism about their educational value.

This interpretation highlights that biopics serve multiple functions, with a dominant trend emphasizing their role in educating viewers. However, the notable uncertainty suggests a need to explore how biopics balance storytelling with accurate representations to maximize their educational impact.

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Fig26: QT 12 pie chart

The data reveals that 50% of respondents believe younger generations are influenced by the glamour and entertainment value of biopics, suggesting that the polished visuals and engaging storytelling strongly appeal to youth. Meanwhile, 37.3% remain neutral, indicating mixed opinions about the extent of this influence perhaps reflecting uncertainty regarding how biopics balance entertainment with historical depth. On the other hand, 12.7% disagree, believing that younger audiences are not significantly swayed by the glamorous portrayal in biopics. This analysis highlights the dual nature of biopics, showing that while they can educate and inform, their aesthetic appeal plays a major role in capturing younger viewers' attention.

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Fig26:QT 13 pie chart

The pie chart indicates that a significant majority of respondents, 70%, believe that older generations are more interested in the historical accuracy of biopics, reflecting a strong preference among this demographic for factual representation in such films. A noteworthy 21.8% of respondents remain neutral, suggesting they neither agree nor disagree, possibly due to varied experiences or perspectives on the matter. Meanwhile, only 8.2% of respondents disagree, indicating skepticism about older generations' interest in historical accuracy. Overall, this data highlights the importance of historical authenticity for older viewers, which filmmakers might consider when targeting this audience.

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Fig27:QT 16 pie chart

Based on the pie chart provided, the data reveals diverse perspectives regarding the use of biographical films as propaganda. A significant 43.6% of respondents believe that some biographical films serve as propaganda tools, indicating concerns about biased portrayals or agenda-driven narratives. Meanwhile, 46.4% are unsure, reflecting uncertainty or ambivalence about the extent to which biopics influence public perceptions. Only 10% of respondents dismiss this idea, suggesting that a smaller group views biopics primarily as creative works rather than instruments of propaganda. Overall, the chart highlights the nuanced and varied opinions surrounding the potential political or ideological influence of biographical films.

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Fig28:QT 17 pie chart

The data provides insightful perspectives on audience preferences for biopics, revealing a nearly even split between those favoring historical figures 40.9% and those expressing no strong preference 42.7%. This suggests a general interest in biographical narratives, albeit without a definitive lean toward any specific era. Meanwhile, a smaller segment 16.4% shows a preference for contemporary figures. These results indicate that while historical biopics maintain a robust appeal, a significant portion of the audience remains flexible, creating opportunities for filmmakers to explore diverse themes and subjects without alienating the majority. Understanding these trends can guide strategic decisions in content creation, aligning projects with viewer interests.

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Fig29:QT 18 pie chart

The pie chart highlights varied preferences for biopics among 110 respondents, with sports figures leading at 28.2%, showcasing strong public interest in athletic achievements and their personal journeys. Political figures follow at 20.9%, indicating a significant intrigue in leadership and governance narratives. Fields like science and innovation 12.7% social activism 9.1% arts and entertainment 9.1% and business and entrepreneurship 9.1% also garner attention, reflecting appreciation for diverse contributions to society. Military and defense figures hold 8.2%, while Hindutva, swarajy, sanatan figures rank the lowest at 2.7%, suggesting niche interest in these historical or cultural narratives. Overall, the data emphasizes the diverse yet predominant fascination with sports and politics in biographical storytelling. Let me know if you'd like further refinement!

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Fig 30:QT 19 pie chart

The pie chart provides insight into the mixed sentiments surrounding the impact of biopics on original scriptwriting in the Indian film industry. Out of the 110 respondents, the largest segment 39.1% expressed uncertainty, reflecting either a lack of awareness or ambivalence regarding this issue. A closely following 37.3% believe that the increased popularity of biopics has indeed caused a decline in originality, suggesting concerns over creative stagnation. Meanwhile, the remaining 23.6% disagreed, highlighting that a portion of the audience sees no negative influence of biopics on scriptwriting. These varied opinions emphasize the complexity and division in perceptions of the evolving dynamics within India's cinematic landscape.

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Fig31:QT 20 pie chart

The pie chart captures diverse opinions on whether biopics create a larger-than-life image of the individuals they portray. Among 110 respondents, the majority 49.1% believe that biopics sometimes magnify the personas of their subjects, suggesting variability in how audiences perceive these films. A notable 42.7% think biopics consistently enhance the subject’s image beyond reality, indicating that many view this genre as inherently idealizing. Conversely, only 8.2% of respondents disagree, believing biopics do not glorify their subjects. This spread of responses underscores a prevailing sentiment that biopics frequently, if not always, elevate their subjects to extraordinary stature, shaping audience perceptions accordingly.

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Fig32:QT 21 pie chart

The pie chart reveals that familiarity with the subject of a biopic plays a significant role in its emotional impact. A majority of respondents 62.7% believe that knowing the person being depicted enhances their emotional connection to the film. On the other hand, 31.8% think that familiarity doesn't matter, suggesting that for some, the storytelling and execution of the biopic hold more importance than prior knowledge of the subject. A minimal 5.5% disagreed entirely, indicating that they don't see any added emotional impact from familiarity. These findings suggest that filmmakers aiming to evoke strong emotional responses might benefit from choosing well-known subjects, though a compelling narrative remains vital for broader audience appeal.

Conclusion

The survey results highlight the growing influence of biopics on Indian audiences, with a majority seeing them as educational, inspirational, and culturally significant. However, concerns regarding historical accuracy, propaganda, and excessive glorification remain prevalent. Younger viewers are more engaged with biopics, valuing entertainment and inspiration, while older audiences and working professionals tend to be more critical of historical distortions. Despite these concerns, biopics continue to dominate Indian cinema, shaping public perceptions of history and contemporary figures

4.4. INDIAN BIOPICS AND STORY LINE

4.4.1. M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story

Mahendra Singh Dhoni is a goalkeeper in school football team. Bannerjee a school cricket coach asks him to join his cricket team and practice daily with him for two hours’ time passes and he becomes a big state-level cricketer, but for a longtime luck doesn't favors him to become a member of the Indian Cricket team. Dhoni takes a job in Indian Railways as a ticket-checker and plays cricket for the railways; after four years he gets selected for the Indian Cricket team and turns out to be one of the best cricketing captains in the history of Indian Cricket.

Two significant scenes in “M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story” are:

1. The ICC Cricket World Cup Final (2011):

This scene shows Mahendra Singh Dhoni (played by Sushant Singh Rajput) leading India to victory against Sri Lanka at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. Dhoni’s winning six and the emotional celebration with his teammates and family are iconic moments that highlight his leadership and determination.

2. Dhoni’s Childhood Coach Scene:

This scene features a young Dhoni being asked by his coach to focus on wicket-keeping instead of batting. Dhoni responds with determination, saying, “Sir, I love batting more in cricket.” This moment underscores his passion for batting and foreshadows his future success as a cricketer

Supporting Character: Keshav Banerjee (Rajesh Sharma) – Dhoni’s coach in school, Keshav Banerjee, recognizes his potential early on and encourages him to pursue cricket. His guidance and belief in Dhoni’s talent are instrumental in shaping his early career.

Opposing Character: Cricket Administration – Bureaucratic challenges and skepticism from selectors present hurdles Dhoni overcomes to succeed.

Main Characteristics: Determined, disciplined, visionary, resilient, and humble.

4.4.2. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag

The film follows the life of Milkha Singh, an Indian athlete known as “The Flying Sikh.” Traumatized by the loss of his family during the Partition of India, Milkha overcomes immense challenges and hardships. He discovers his talent for running while serving in the Indian Army and goes on to become a champion athlete. Despite facing personal struggles and near-misses, including narrowly missing a medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics, Milkha’s determination never wavers. His journey culminates in breaking the national record at the 1962 National Games. The film highlight’s themes of resilience, perseverance, and the power of the human spirit.

Two significant scenes in “Bhaag Milkha Bhaag” are:

1. The Race Against the Train:

This scene shows a young Milkha Singh (played by Farhan Akhtar) running alongside a moving train to catch up with his schoolmates. This moment is pivotal as it showcases his incredible speed and determination, which later becomes a defining trait of his athletic career.

2. The 1960 Rome Olympics:

This scene depicts Milkha Singh competing in the 400 meters race at the 1960 Rome Olympics. Despite being a favorite to win, he stumbles and falls, ultimately finishing fourth. This moment is crucial as it highlights the intense pressure and emotional turmoil Milkha faced during his career.

Supporting Character: Pritam Singh (Pawan Malhotra) – Pritam’s mentorship and training play a crucial role in Milkha’s athletic development.

Opposing Character: Personal Struggles – Milkha battles internal demons and trauma from the Partition, pushing him to achieve greatness.

Main Characteristics: Tenacious, determined, disciplined, patriotic, and relentless in pursuit of excellence.

4.4.3. Mary Kom

The film “Mary Kom” is a biographical sports drama that chronicles the life of Indian boxer Mary Kom, portrayed by Priyanka Chopra. The story follows her journey from a small village in Manipur to becoming a world champion boxer. Despite facing numerous obstacles, including societal prejudices, financial struggles, and personal sacrifices, Mary Kom’s determination and passion for boxing drive her forward. With the support of her coach and husband, she rises to international fame, winning multiple championships and making a significant impact on Indian sports. The film highlights themes of resilience, empowerment, and the triumph of the human spirit.

Two significant scenes in Mary Kom are:

1. Mary’s First Victory in the Boxing Ring.

This scene is a turning point in the film, showcasing Mary’s determination and talent. It marks her initial success and sets the stage for her journey in the world of boxing. The energy and emotion in this scene encapsulate the challenges and triumphs that Mary faces as she pursues her passion for boxing. Her perseverance and skill are highlighted, making this scene a pivotal moment in her career.

2. Mary’s Comeback After Motherhood

After becoming a mother, Mary faces the challenge of returning to the boxing ring. This scene is significant as it portrays her struggle to balance her family life with her professional aspirations. It emphasizes her resilience and the support she receives from her family, particularly her husband. This moment is inspirational, showing that despite personal and societal obstacles, Mary remains committed to her dreams and achieves a remarkable comeback.

Supporting Character: Onler Kom (Darshan Kumaar) – Onler’s consistent encouragement and emotional support enable Mary to balance family life and her boxing career.

Opposing Character: Sports Federation Officials – The resistance and lack of support from sports authorities challenge Mary to prove her worth.

Main Characteristics: Strong-willed, resilient, passionate, focused, and determined to break barriers.

4.4.4. Dangal

“Dangal” is a biographical sports drama that follows the true story of Mahavir Singh Phogat, a former wrestler, and his two daughters, Geeta and Babita. Despite facing societal norms and financial challenges, Mahavir trains his daughters to become world-class wrestlers, aiming to fulfill his unfulfilled dream of winning a gold medal for India. The film highlights the rigorous training, personal sacrifices, and unwavering determination of the Phogat family. Geeta and Babita go on to achieve remarkable success, with Geeta becoming India’s first female wrestler to win gold at the Commonwealth Games. The film emphasizes themes of gender equality, empowerment, and the power of perseverance.

Two significant scenes in Dangal are

1. Geeta’s First International Victory

This scene is a landmark moment in the film and in Geeta Phogat’s career. It showcases her winning her first international wrestling match, which is a culmination of her rigorous training and her father's unwavering belief in her abilities. The intense match, Geeta’s determination, and the national anthem playing as she stands victorious are emotionally charged and celebrate her breaking new ground for Indian women in sports.

2. The Final Wrestling Match

The climax of the film revolves around Geeta’s final match at the Commonwealth Games. This scene is packed with tension and excitement as it portrays the high stakes of the competition. It highlights Geeta’s strategy, skill, and resilience, as well as the psychological battle she faces against her opponent. The match is not just about winning a medal but also about validating her father’s dreams and their shared journey. The triumph in this scene is deeply satisfying and serves as the emotional high point of the film.

Supporting Character: Mahavir Singh Phogat (Aamir Khan) – Mahavir’s rigorous training and belief in his daughters inspire them to achieve wrestling success.

Opposing Character: Gender Stereotypes – Societal norms and expectations serve as obstacles that Geeta and Babita must overcome to excel in wrestling.

Main Characteristics: Determined, hardworking, focused, and driven by a desire to prove herself.

4.4.5. Sanju

“Sanju” is a biographical drama that depicts the tumultuous life of Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt. The film, starring Ranbir Kapoor as Sanjay Dutt, chronicles his journey from his early days in the film industry to his struggles with addiction, legal battles, and relationships. The narrative explores the complexities of his personal and professional life, highlighting his bond with his father, Sunil Dutt, and his friends. Despite numerous setbacks and controversies, Sanjay’s resilience and determination help him overcome the challenges he faces. The film emphasizes themes of redemption, forgiveness, and the enduring power of hope.

Two significant scenes in Sanju are

1. Sanjay’s Confession to His Father

This emotional scene occurs when Sanjay (played by Ranbir Kapoor) confesses to his father, Sunil Dutt (played by Paresh Rawal), about his drug addiction. It’s a heart-wrenching moment where Sanjay breaks down, admitting his struggles and the extent of his addiction. Sunil Dutt’s reaction is a mix of sorrow, anger, and compassion as he tries to support his son through this difficult time. This scene is significant as it showcases the bond between father and son and the beginning of Sanjay’s journey towards recovery.

2. Sanjay’s Release from Jail

This scene marks a major turning point in the film, highlighting Sanjay’s release from prison after serving his sentence. It is a powerful moment of redemption and reflection for Sanjay as he steps out of jail, greeted by his loyal friends and family. The emotions run high as he experiences a mix of relief, joy, and the realization of the impact his past actions had on his life and the lives of those around him. This scene signifies a new beginning and the hope for a better future.

Supporting Character: Kamlesh Kapasi (Vicky Kaushal) – Kamlesh’s friendship and loyalty provide Sanjay Dutt with emotional support and guidance.

Opposing Character: Media Scrutiny – The relentless media coverage and public judgment add pressure to Sanjay’s struggle with addiction and legal issues.

Main Characteristics: Flawed, charismatic, vulnerable, resilient, and determined to overcome his past.

4.4.6. Mahanati

“Mahanati” is a biographical film that tells the life story of the iconic South Indian actress Savitri. The narrative follows her journey from a young girl with dreams of becoming an actress to her rise as one of the most celebrated stars in Indian cinema. The film delves into her professional achievements, personal life, and relationships, including her marriage to fellow actor Gemini Ganesan. Despite her immense success, Savitri faces several challenges, including personal struggles and addiction, which eventually lead to her tragic downfall. The film highlights themes of ambition, love, fame, and the complexities of stardom.

Two significant scenes in Mahanati are

1. Savitri’s Breakthrough Performance

This scene captures the moment when Savitri (played by Keerthy Suresh) delivers a stunning performance in her first major film role. The audience and the film industry recognize her immense talent, and this becomes a turning point in her career. The scene is significant as it highlights her rise to stardom and the beginning of her illustrious journey in the film industry. Savitri’s natural acting prowess and captivating screen presence are beautifully showcased, making it a memorable moment.

2. The Heart-Wrenching Decline

This emotional scene depicts the later years of Savitri’s life, where she faces personal and professional hardships. Her struggles with alcoholism, financial troubles, and strained relationships are poignantly portrayed. The contrast between her glorious past and the difficult present is stark and moving. This scene is significant as it sheds light on the challenges she faced behind the glamour of her film career and evokes empathy for her struggles and resilience.

Supporting Character: Madhuravani (Samantha Akkineni) – Madhuravani’s investigation into Savitri’s life brings her legacy and struggles to light.

Opposing Character: Industry Politics – Professional rivalries and personal betrayals contribute to Savitri’s downfall.

Main Characteristics: Talented, compassionate, strong-willed, dedicated to her craft, and emotionally complex.

4.4.7. 12th Fail

“12th Fail” follows the story of Manoj Kumar Sharma, a young man from Chambal, Madhya Pradesh, who dreams of becoming an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. After failing his 12th- grade exams due to a crackdown on cheating, Manoj is undeterred and works various odd jobs to support his education. He faces numerous challenges but remains determined, eventually clearing his exams and moving to Delhi fo invaluable support from his mentor, friends, and girlfriend. The film is an inspiring tale of resilience and perseverance against all odds.

Two significant scenes in 12th fail are

1. The Moment of Failure

This scene depicts the protagonist, Manoj Kumar Sharma, receiving his 12th-grade exam results and learning that he has failed. The weight of this moment is heavy as Manoj grapples with the disappointment and the judgment from those around him. This scene is significant because it sets the stage for his journey of perseverance and determination to overcome failure and pursue his dream of becoming an IPS officer.

2. The Final Interview

The climax of the film revolves around Manoj’s final interview for the UPSC exam. This Intense scene captures the pressure and anxiety he feels, as well as his confidence and preparedness. It’s a pivotal moment that showcases the culmination of his hard work and resilience. The interview panel questions him on various topics, and Manoj’s responses reflect his knowledge, dedication, and passion for public service.

Supporting Character: Teachers and Friends – Their support helps the protagonist overcome academic and personal challenges.

Opposing Character: Educational System – Systemic obstacles and personal setbacks test the protagonist’s resolve.

Main Characteristics: Inspirational, determined, empathetic, and committed to providing quality education to underprivileged students.

4.4.8. Shakuntala Devi

“Shakuntala Devi” is a biographical drama film directed by Anu Menon, starring Vidya Balan as the titular character. The film traces the life of Shakuntala Devi, known as the “Human Computer” for her extraordinary mathematical abilities. It highlights her journey from a young girl in Bangalore, who astounds everyone with her talent for solving complex problems in her head, to becoming a global celebrity. The film also delves into her personal life, including her relationships and struggles, particularly with her daughter, Anupama Banerjee. It's a tribute to her genius and indomitable spirit

Two significant scenes in Shakuntala Devi are

1. Shakuntala’s First Public Calculation

This scene showcases Shakuntala Devil’s incredible mathematical abilities as she performs a complex calculation in front of a large audience. The scene captures the astonishment and admiration of the crowd as she effortlessly solves the problem within seconds. This moment is significant as it highlights her extraordinary talent and sets the stage for her journey as the “Human Computer”

2. The Reconciliation with Her Daughter

In this emotiorial scene, Shakuntala Devi and her daughter Anupama Banerj (played by Sanya Malhotra) have a heartfelt conversation where they reconcile after years of estrangement. The scene is powerful as it portrays the complexities of meir relationshic and the deep love they have for each other. It emphasizes the importance of family and forgiveness, adding a personal touch to Shakuntala’s story

Supporting Character: Anupama Banerji (Sanya Malhotra) – Anupama’s relationship with her mother highlights Shakuntala’s balancing act between career and family.

Opposing Character: Gender Norms – Societal expectations challenge Shakuntala’s unconventional lifestyle and career choices.

Main Characteristics: Brilliant, independent, unconventional, confident, and determined to make her mark.

4.4.9. Super 30

“Super 30” is a biographical drama film directed by Vikas Bahl, based on the life of mathematician Anand Kumar. Anand, played by Hrithik Roshan, is a mathematics genius from Bihar who starts a unique program called “Super 30” to coach 30 underprivileged students for the IIT entrance exams. Despite facing financial hardships and opposition from powerful coaching institutes, Anand remains dedicated to his mission of proving that even the poorest students can achieve greatness. The film showcases his journey, struggles, and ultimate success in transforming the lives of many aspiring students

Two significant scenes in Super 30 are

1. Anand’s Decision to Teach Underprivileged Students

This scene is pivotal as it shows Anand Kumar (played by Hrithik Roshan) deciding to teach underprivileged students for free, despite facing financial difficulties himself. This moment is significant because it highlights Anand’s selflessness and dedication to providing quality education to those who cannot afford it. His decision sets the foundation for the Super 30 program and showcases his commitment to making a difference in society.

2. The Final Exam Results

The climax of the film revolves around the results of the students’ final exams. This scene is packed with tension and emotion as the students anxiously await their results. When the results are announced, and the students pass with flying colors, it is a moment of triumph and celebration. This scene is significant as it represents the success of Anand’s efforts and the impact of his teaching on the lives of the students. It is a powerful testament to the potential of education to change lives.

Supporting Character: Anand Kumar’s Brother (Nandish Singh) – His support and belief in Anand motivate him to pursue his vision of education for underprivileged students.

Opposing Character: Corruption and Societal Barriers – Anand battles systemic corruption and societal resistance to create opportunities for his students.

Main Characteristics: Visionary, passionate, empathetic, determined, and committed to social change.

4.4.10. Major

“Major” is a biographical action film directed by Sashi Kiran Tikka, based on the life of Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan, an Indian Army officer who was martyred during the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. The film stars Adivi Sesh as Major Sandeep and traces his journey from childhood to his heroic role during the attacks. It showcases his bravery, dedication, and the sacrifices he made for his country. The narrative also delves into his personal life, highlighting his relationships with his family and loved ones, portraying the human side of a national hero.

Two significant scenes Major are

1. The Mumbai Attacks Sequence:

This intense sequence showcases Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan’s bravery and heroism during the 2008 Mumbai attacks. His courage and determination to protect the hostages and fight the terrorists are both gripping and emotional.

2. The Final Standoff:

The climax of the movie features a powerful standoff between Major Sandeep and the terrorists. This scene highlights his unwavering commitment to his duty and his uftimate sacrifice for the nation.

Supporting Character: Pramoda (Sobhita Dhulipala) – Her love and understanding provide emotional strength to Major Sandeep.

Opposing Character: Terrorists – The terrorists represent the immediate threat that Major Sandeep confronts with valor.

Main Characteristics: Brave, patriotic, selfless, determined, and committed to his duty.

4.4.11. Shershaah

“Shershaah” is a biographical war film about Captain Vikram Batra, who was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India’s highest military honor, for his bravery during the 1999 Kargil War. The film, directed by Vishnuvardhan and starring Sidharth Malhotra as Vikram Batra, traces his journey from a young boy inspired by the TV show “Param Vir Chakra” to becoming a fearless soldier.

Vikram’s love story with Dimple Cheema (played by Kiara Advani) and his heroic actions during the war form the core of the narrative. The film highlights his courage, dedication, and the ultimate sacrifice he made for his country

Two significant scenes in Shershaah are

1. The Proposal Scene:

This scene is where Vikram Batra (played by Sidharth Malhotra) proposes to his love interest, Dimple (played by Kiara Advani). The simplicity and heartfelt nature of his proposal make it one of the most memorable moments in the film.

2. The Final Battle:

The climax of the movie features a powerful and intense battle sequence where Vikram leads his team to capture a crucial enemy position. This scene showcases his bravery and leadership, and it’s a pivotal moment in the film.

Supporting Character: Dimple Cheema (Kiara Advani) – Her love and promise to marry after the war drive Captain Vikram Batra’s courage.

Opposing Character: Enemy Forces – The Pakistani forces during the Kargil War are the adversaries Vikram Batra bravely fights against.

Main Characteristics: Fearless, patriotic, charismatic, determined, and a natural leader.

4.4.12. Amaran

“Amaran” is a biographical action war film directed by Rajkumar Periasamy, based on the life of Major Mukund Varadarajan, who was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra for his bravery during a counter-terrorist operation in Jammu and Kashmir. The film stars Sivakarthikeyan as Major Mukund and Sai Pallavi as his wife, Indhu Rebecca Varghese. The story is narrated by Indhu as she travels to New Delhi to receive the Ashoka Chakra, recounting Mukund’s journey from his college days to his heroic actions in the military. The film highlights his dedication to his country, his love story with Indhu, and the sacrifices he made.

Two significant scenes in Amaran are

1. The Counterterrorism Mission:

This intense sequence showcases Major Mukund Varadarajan’s bravery and heroism during a critical counterterrorism operation. His leadership and courage in the face of danger are both gripping and inspiring.

2. The Final Battle:

The climax of the movie features a powerful and emotional battle sequence where Major Mukund leads his team to capture a crucial enemy position. This scene highlights his unwavering commitment to his duty and his ultimate sacrifice for the nation.

Supporting Character: Major Mukund’s Team Members – Their camaraderie and collective effort play a vital role in the mission’s success.

Opposing Character: Terrorists – The terrorists are the adversaries that Major Mukund and his team face.

Main Characteristics: Brave, selfless, dedicated, determined, and a natural leader.

4.4.13. The Accidental Prime Minister

“The Accidental Prime Minister” is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Vijay Gutte, based on the memoir by Sanjaya Baru. The film stars Anupam Kher as Dr. Manmohan Singh, the 13th Prime Minister of India, and Akshaye Khanna as Sanjaya Baru. It explores Manmohan Singh’s tenure as Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014 and the challenges he faced due to the interference of the Congress Party, particularly from Sonia Gandhi and her family. The film highlights how Singh’s decisions were often contradicted and how he was sidelined to maintain the political influence of the Gandhi family

Two significant scenes in The Accidental Prime Minister are

1. The Introduction Scene:

This scene sets the tone for the movie, introducing Dr. Manmohan Singh (played by Anupam Kher) and his unexpected rise to the position of Prime Minister. It highlights the political maneuvering and the influence of the Congress Party.

2. The Press Conference Scene:

This scene is pivotal as it showcases Dr. Singh’s struggle to assert his authority and make independent decisions amidst political pressure. It’s a powerful moment that underscores the challenges he faced in balancing his role as Prime Minister with the expectations of the Congress Party.

Supporting Character: Sanjaya Baru (Akshaye Khanna) – His strategic advice and loyalty aid Dr. Manmohan Singh’s tenure.

Opposing Character: Political Pressures – The internal party dynamics and opposition present significant challenges to Dr. Singh’s leadership.

Main Characteristics: Intelligent, humble, soft-spoken, determined, and committed to his responsibilities.

4.4.14. Chhaava

“Chhaava” is a historical action drama based on the life of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, the son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Directed by Laxman Utekar and starring Vicky Kaushal as Sambhaji, the film follows his journey as he takes over leadership of the Maratha Empire after his father’s death. The story showcases his bravery, particularly during a surprise attack on Burhanpur, a key Mughal administrative center. The film also highlights the internal conflicts within the Maratha court and Sambhaji’s efforts to resist the Mughal forces led by Emperor Aurangzeb

Two significant scenes in Chhaava are

1. The Indoor Clash Scene:

This scene involves an intense indoor battle between Maratha and Mughal warriors. The warriors create a canopy with their shields, and the fight becomes suffocating and intense as bodies close in from all sides. The muted background score adds to the tension, making it a standout moment in the film.

2. The Opening Scene:

The movie opens with the news of Chhatrapati Shivaji’s demise reaching Mughal ruler Aurangzeb’s court, triggering the Deccan wars. This scene sets the stage for Sambhaji’s rise and the ensuing conflicts, highlighting the historical context and the challenges he faces.

Supporting Character: Sambhaji’s Allies and Family – Their loyalty and support are crucial for Sambhaji’s leadership.

Opposing Character: Mughal Rulers – The Mughals represent the oppressive force that Sambhaji fights against.

Main Characteristics: Courageous, determined, patriotic, strategic, and a natural leader

4.4.15. “Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi”

“Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi” is a 2019 biographical action drama film directed by Krish Jagarlamudi and Kangana Ranaut, who also stars in the title role as Rani Lakshmi Bai. The film traces the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai, from her childhood as Manikarnika Tambe in Varanasi to becoming the Queen of Jhansi. It showcases her journey as she marries Maharaja Gangadhar Rao and later leads her kingdom’s fight against British colonial forces during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The film highlights her bravery, leadership, and unwavering spirit in the face of adversity

Two significant scenes in Manikarnika are

1. The Tiger Encounter Scene:

This early scene shows a young Manikarnika (played by Kangana Ranaut) fearlessly facing a tiger. This moment is crucial as it establishes her bravery and sets the tone for her future as a warrior queen.

2. The Battle of Jhansi Scene:

The climactic battle scene where Rani Lakshmi Bai leads her troops against the British forces is both intense and inspiring. Her leadership and courage in this battle highlight her determination to protect her kingdom and fight for independence.

Supporting Character: Tantia Tope (Atul Kulkarni) – His alliance and support help Rani Lakshmi Bai in her fight against the British.

Opposing Character: British Forces – The British represent the external threat that Rani Lakshmi Bai courageously confronts.

Main Characteristics: Courageous, determined, patriotic, strong-willed, and a natural leader.

FINDINGS, DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 5

5.1. Findings

"The survey data offers a rich tapestry of insights into audience engagement with Indian biopic films, allowing for a nuanced examination of the genre's influence on various aspects of viewers' lives and perceptions. A key demographic finding is the significant representation of the 15-24 age group, a cohort whose responses are particularly critical for understanding the motivational and emotional impact of biopics.

1. Emotional Effects on Age Groups

The survey responses suggest that biopics evoke distinct emotional responses across age groups. Younger viewers (15-24) frequently report feelings of intense inspiration and aspiration, often identifying with the struggles and triumphs of the protagonists. The emotional arc of biopics, which typically involves overcoming adversity and achieving success, appears to resonate strongly with their own formative experiences and ambitions. In contrast, older viewers (35 and above) tend to express a more reflective and critical emotional engagement. While they also appreciate the inspirational aspects, they are more likely to focus on the historical accuracy and the emotional authenticity of the portrayal. Their responses often reveal a deeper sense of nostalgia and a comparative perspective, drawing on their own lived experiences to evaluate the film's emotional impact. Further analysis of open-ended responses, perhaps using sentiment analysis, could provide a more detailed understanding of the specific emotional nuances expressed by different age groups.

2. Impact on Understanding Historical and Contemporary Figures

A central theme emerging from the data is the impact of biopics on the understanding of historical and contemporary figures. While many respondents acknowledge that biopics enhance their knowledge and appreciation of these individuals, there is also a pervasive concern about the potential for distortion and misrepresentation. The tension between historical accuracy and dramatic license is a recurring point of contention. Some respondents express a desire for greater fidelity to historical facts, while others acknowledge the necessity of creative interpretation to engage audiences. This highlights the complex role of biopics in shaping public memory and influencing perceptions of key figures. The survey data suggests that viewers are often aware of the potential for bias and are actively engaged in evaluating the authenticity of the portrayal.

3. Motivation of Youth Audience

Biopics serve as a powerful source of motivation for the youth audience, particularly in their formative years. The narratives of struggle, resilience, and achievement often resonate deeply with their aspirations and challenges. The survey reveals that young viewers frequently cite 'inspiration' as a primary reason for watching biopics, emphasizing the motivational impact of these films. The portrayal of individuals who overcome obstacles to achieve their goals can instill a sense of empowerment and encourage young people to pursue their own ambitions. Furthermore, biopics can introduce young viewers to role models and mentors, providing them with positive examples of success and ethical conduct.

4. Influence on Career Choices

The survey data indicates that biopics can influence career choices among both students and professionals. For students, the portrayal of individuals in specific professions, such as scientists, entrepreneurs, or athletes, can spark interest and inspire them to pursue related fields. The survey responses suggest that exposure to the challenges and rewards of these careers can shape students' aspirations and influence their academic and professional decisions. Similarly, professionals may find themselves reflecting on their own career paths after watching biopics, prompting them to consider new opportunities or pursue different goals. However, the extent of this influence varies depending on individual circumstances and career stage.

5. Generational Perceptions

Different generations exhibit distinct perceptions of the impact of biopics. Older generations (45 and above) tend to place a greater emphasis on historical accuracy and authenticity. Their responses often reflect a concern about the potential for biopics to distort historical events or misrepresent the lives of important figures. They may also express a preference for biopics that provide a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of historical context. Younger generations, while also valuing accuracy, are more likely to prioritize entertainment value and emotional engagement. They may be more accepting of creative license if it enhances the dramatic impact of the story. This generational difference highlights the evolving expectations and priorities of audiences in relation to biopics.

6. Entertainment vs. Education

The survey data clearly demonstrates the dual role of biopics as both a source of entertainment and an aid in education. Respondents frequently cite both 'entertainment' and 'learning' as motivations for watching these films. This underscores the genre's unique ability to combine compelling storytelling with informative content. However, the survey also reveals a tension between these two functions. Some respondents express concern that the pursuit of entertainment can sometimes compromise historical accuracy. Others argue that biopics can be a valuable educational tool, particularly for younger audiences, by making history more accessible and engaging. The ideal balance between entertainment and education remains a subject of debate among viewers.

7. Role in Social Order

Biopics play a complex role in either centering or disrupting prevailing social order. On the one hand, they can reinforce dominant narratives and celebrate established social hierarchies. Biopics that focus on national heroes and patriotic themes can contribute to a sense of national unity and social cohesion. On the other hand, biopics can also challenge the status quo by highlighting marginalized voices, exposing social injustices, and questioning traditional power structures. Films that portray social reformers, activists, or individuals who defy societal norms can disrupt prevailing social order and spark important conversations about social change. The survey data reveals a range of perspectives on this issue, with some respondents emphasizing the centering role of biopics and others highlighting their disruptive potential.

8. Implications for Understanding History

The implications of biopics for the understanding of history are significant and multifaceted. Biopics can enhance historical awareness by introducing viewers to important events, figures, and movements. They can make history more accessible and engaging, particularly for younger audiences who may find traditional history lessons less appealing. However, biopics also pose challenges to historical understanding. The potential for historical inaccuracies, biased portrayals, and oversimplification of complex events can distort public memory and create a flawed understanding of the past. The survey data suggests that viewers are often aware of these risks and are actively engaged in evaluating the historical authenticity of biopics.

9. Reception in Different Communities and Cultures

The reception of biopics can vary significantly across different communities and cultures. Cultural values, historical narratives, and social norms can all influence how viewers interpret and respond to these films. The survey data, when analyzed with geographical details and potentially demographic information about community affiliation, can reveal variations in reception based on regional identities, religious beliefs, or social class. For example, biopics that address sensitive social issues may be received differently in conservative and liberal communities. Similarly, the portrayal of historical figures or events that are central to one culture may be viewed differently by those from another cultural background.

10. Effect on Beliefs and Attitudes Over Time

Investigating the long-term effect of biopics on the beliefs and attitudes of the audience over time is a challenging but crucial area of inquiry. The survey data, as a snapshot in time, can provide insights into immediate reactions and opinions. However, understanding the enduring impact of biopics requires longitudinal studies that track changes in viewers' beliefs and attitudes over months or years. Biopics have the potential to shape viewers' perceptions of history, culture, and society, influencing their values, beliefs, and behaviors. The cumulative effect of repeated exposure to biopics can contribute to the formation of cultural narratives and the transmission of social values across generations.

5.2. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Despite its contributions, this study has certain limitations:

Lack of Long-Term Analysis: While the survey captures immediate reactions, it does not track the long-term impact of biopics on audience beliefs and attitudes. Future longitudinal studies could provide deeper insights into this evolving influence.

Limited Cultural Scope: While audience reception is explored, the study does not fully account for regional, caste, and socio-economic variations in biopic interpretations. Expanding the scope with diverse demographic data could enhance the findings.

Subjectivity in Audience Responses: Emotional engagement and perception of biopics are highly subjective. While trends are identified, individual experiences may vary widely based on personal background and exposure to historical narratives.

Historical Accuracy Challenges: The study discusses historical accuracy but does not assess specific instances of misinformation or biased representation. A deeper examination of historical distortions in biopics would strengthen the findings.

Entertainment vs. Education Balance: While the duality of biopics is acknowledged, the study does not empirically measure how audiences use biopics as educational tools. Future research could investigate structured learning applications of biographical films.

5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS

Indian biopics have become a powerful storytelling medium, shaping public perception and offering glimpses into historical, cultural, and social narratives. To foster a deeper appreciation and more informed engagement with these films, here’s a more detailed look at how audiences, filmmakers, and researchers can approach them:

For Audiences: Engaging with Biopics Thoughtfully

Indian cinema is abundant with inspiring real-life stories, but meaningful engagement requires a discerning approach.

- Seeking Diverse Stories: While biopics about famous figures are compelling, exploring lesser-known narratives can be equally enriching. Stories of activists, educators, athletes, and individuals from marginalized backgrounds can provide fresh perspectives.
- Critical Engagement: Biopics often take creative liberties for cinematic impact. Audiences should cross-check details with reliable sources to distinguish artistic interpretation from historical reality. Additionally, understanding the filmmaker’s lens and potential biases can enrich the viewing experience.
- Appreciating the Craft: The storytelling techniques, cinematography, and performances significantly contribute to how a real-life story is brought to the screen. Observing these elements helps audiences appreciate the artistic dimensions of biopics.

For Filmmakers: Crafting Meaningful Biopics

Filmmakers hold immense responsibility when representing real lives and events. Authenticity, ethical storytelling, and a balanced narrative are crucial.

- Prioritizing Authenticity: Extensive research is vital for portraying real-life figures accurately. Interviews with historians, family members, and subject-matter experts can strengthen authenticity.
- Balancing Drama and Truth: While biopics require dramatization, excessive embellishment can distort the essence of a subject’s life. The focus should remain on human struggles, triumphs, and emotional depth rather than merely creating spectacle.
- Considering Ethical Implications: Since biopics depict real individuals, their families, communities, and historical legacies must be handled with sensitivity and responsibility.
- Exploring Unconventional Narratives: Instead of glorifying figures, filmmakers can present multi-dimensional portrayals, including failures and vulnerabilities. Challenging traditional hero narratives can lead to more impactful storytelling.

For Researchers: Understanding Biopics Beyond Cinema

Biopics are not just movies; they serve as historical and cultural artifacts that influence public memory.

- Using Biopics as Primary Sources: Researchers can analyze how films reflect contemporary societal values and attitudes toward history.
- Studying the Impact of Biopics: Investigating how biopics shape public discourse, influence perceptions of historical figures, and contribute to national identity can provide critical insights.
- Contextualizing Biopics: Every biopic is a product of its time, shaped by political and cultural influences. Examining the conditions in which it was made, released, and received offers a more nuanced understanding.
- Comparative Studies: Analyzing biopics across different periods and regions within India can reveal variations in representation, storytelling, and historical interpretation.

5.4. CONCLUSION

The analysis of survey data provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted influence of Indian biopics on audiences. These films serve as powerful tools for emotional engagement, historical interpretation, career inspiration, and social reflection.

The findings highlight the varying impact of biopics across age groups, revealing that younger audiences often connect with themes of resilience and aspiration, while older viewers tend to prioritize historical accuracy and nuanced storytelling. This generational divide underscores the evolving expectations of cinematic narratives.

Biopics play a crucial role in shaping historical awareness. While they can enhance public knowledge, the balance between creative license and factual representation remains critical.

Filmmakers bear the ethical responsibility of ensuring that dramatization does not compromise historical integrity.

Another compelling insight is the influence of biopics on career aspirations, particularly among students. Exposure to narratives of determination and success can inspire academic and professional choices, reinforcing the potential of cinema as a motivational force.

The dual nature of biopics—as both educational resources and entertainment—presents challenges in maintaining authenticity while engaging audiences. Striking this balance is essential for maximizing their constructive impact on historical literacy and cultural discourse.

Beyond individual engagement, biopics also contribute to social narratives, either reinforcing existing ideologies or challenging societal norms. Their ability to shape collective memory and influence public attitudes makes them significant cultural artifacts. However, viewers must approach them critically, recognizing cinematic biases and alternative perspectives.

The reception of biopics varies across cultural and community contexts, reflecting diverse interpretations shaped by historical narratives and social beliefs. Recognizing these variations enriches our perspective on cinematic storytelling and audience engagement.

While this study offers valuable insights into the immediate impact of biopics, further longitudinal research is needed to explore their lasting effects on beliefs and attitudes. Examining the cumulative influence of these films on public consciousness will provide a deeper understanding of their role in shaping societal perspectives.

Final Thoughts

In essence, Indian biopics are more than cinematic experiences—they are instruments of historical representation, cultural discourse, and personal reflection. By fostering informed engagement with these films while acknowledging their limitations, we can harness their potential to educate, inspire, and challenge prevailing narratives.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We express our sincere gratitude to the college management, to the principal and the Vice Principal for giving us the opportunity to work on this research paper, which helped in immensely enriching our knowledge. We would like to thank our mentor Fr. A. Prabhu SJ of B.A. Mass Communication Department of Loyola Academy for teaching us on this subject and for his constant support, help and expert opinion that helped us produce quality output. We would also like to extend our gratitude to other faculties of the Department of Psychology, English and Journalism for their relentless support in every aspect. Finally, we would like to thank our friends and family members without whose cooperation the research would have been a phenomenal task.

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Rosenstone, R. A. (2007). History on film/film on history. Pearson Education. Sakota-Kokot, N. (2011). Public memory and cultural identity. Palgrave Macmillan.

Sashi Kiran Tikka (Director). (2022). Major [Film]. Sony Pictures International Productions;

G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment; A+S Movies.

Sheehan, T. (2014). The biopic. Film Criticism, 38(3), 36-54.

Toplin, R. B. (1996). History by Hollywood: The Use and Abuse of the American Past. University of Illinois Press.

Toplin, R. B. (1996). History by Hollywood: The use and abuse of the American past. University of Illinois Press.

Utekar, L. (Director). (2025). Chhaava [Film]. Maddock Films.

Vidhu Vinod Chopra (Director). (2023). 12th Fail [Film]. Vinod Chopra Films; Zee Studios.

Vijay Ratnakar Gutte (Director). (2019). The Accidental Prime Minister [Film]. Bohra Bros Production.

Vikas Bahl (Director). (2019). Super 30 [Film]. Reliance Entertainment; Phantom Films; HRX Films; Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment.

Vinitzky-Seroussi, V. (2011). Remembering and forgetting in the post-Soviet sphere: Recontextualizing the past. Palgrave Macmillan.

Vishnu Varadhan (Director). (2021). Shershaah [Film]. Dharma Productions; Kaash Entertainment.

Vivian, B. (2010). Neoliberal epideictic: The ritual commemoration of Ronald Reagan. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 96(1), 1-26.

Welsh, J. (1993). Hollywood 'Faction' and the New Biofantasy. Studies in Popular Culture, 15, 57-66.

Willis-Chun, J. (2011). Media and cultural memory. Wiley-Blackwell.

Zelizer, B. (1995). Covering the body: The Kennedy assassination, the media, and the shaping of collective memory. University of Chicago Press.

Other relevant sources: (Include academic articles, books, or reputable journalistic pieces that discuss Bollywood biopics, women in Indian cinema, or related themes).

ANNEXURE-A

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

ANNEXURE-B

QUESTIONNAIRE

1. How often do you watch Indian biopic films?
- Very often
- Occasionally
- Rarely
- Never

2. What is the primary reason you watch biopic films?
- To learn about historical figures
- For entertainment
- To gain inspiration
- Other

3. Do you think biopic films accurately portray the lives of the individuals they depict?
- Yes, always
- Usually, but with some dramatization
- Sometimes, but often exaggerated
- No, rarely accurate

4. Do you feel biopic films influence your understanding of Indian history and culture?
- Very much
- Somewhat
- Not much
- Not at all

5. Do you find biopic films to be more inspiring than fictional films?
- Yes
- No
- Depends on the film

6. How much does the actor's performance impact your enjoyment of a biopic?
- Very much
- Somewhat
- Very little
- Not at all

7. Do you think biopic films promote national pride?
- Yes
- No
- Neutral

8. Do you feel that biopics are more popular now than in previous decades?
- Yes
- No
- I am unsure

9. Do you discuss biopic films with friends or family after watching them?
- Frequently
- Sometimes
- Rarely
- Never

10. Do you think that biopics influence your career choices or life goals?
- Yes
- No
- Maybe

11. Do you think that biopics are a good tool for educational purposes?
- Yes
- No
- Maybe

12. Do you think younger generations are more influenced by the glamour and entertainment value of biopics?
- Yes
- No
- Neutral

13. Do you think older generations are more interested in the historical accuracy of biopics?
- Yes
- No
- Neutral

14. In your opinion, what is the most significant positive impact of biopic films on Indian society? (Open-ended response)

15. In your opinion, what is the most significant negative impact, or potential negative impact, of biopic films on Indian society?

(Open-ended response)

16. Do you believe that some biographical films are used as propaganda?
- Yes
- No
- I am unsure

17. Do you prefer biopics about historical figures or contemporary figures?
- Historical figures
- Contemporary figures
- I have no preference

18. Which field of personality or contemporary figure do you prefer for biopics?
- Sports
- Politics
- Science and Innovation
- Social Activism
- Arts and Entertainment
- Business and Entrepreneurship
- Military and Defense
- Other

19. Do you think that the increased popularity of biopics has caused a decline in original script writing in the Indian film industry?
- Yes
- No
- I am unsure

20. Do you think that biopics create a larger-than-life image of the person being portrayed?
- Yes
- No
- Sometimes

21. Do you think that the emotional impact of a biopic is more powerful when the viewer is already familiar with the person being depicted?
- Yes
- No
- It does not matter

[...]

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Title: Generational Perceptions and Cultural Impact. How Indian Biopics Shape Audience Engagement Across Age Groups

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Title: Generational Perceptions and Cultural Impact. How Indian Biopics Shape Audience Engagement Across Age Groups
Course: Mass Communication
Grade: A
Publication Year: 2024
Pages: 130
Catalog Number: V1581608
ISBN (PDF): 9783389141298
ISBN (Book): 9783389141304
Language: English
Tags: Indian biopics audience perception generational impact of biopics cultural influence of biographical films historical narratives in Indian cinema age-based media engagement
Product Safety: GRIN Publishing GmbH

Quote paper: Anonymous,, 2024, Generational Perceptions and Cultural Impact. How Indian Biopics Shape Audience Engagement Across Age Groups, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1581608

Generational Perceptions and Cultural Impact. How Indian Biopics Shape Audience Engagement Across Age Groups

Excerpt

Content

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1

1.1. Introduction about Indian cinema

1.2. BACKGROUND

1.3. PERSPECTIVES FROM RESEARCHERS

1.4. OBJECTIVES

1.5. SCOPE

1.6. LIMITATIONS

1.7. CHALLENGES

1.8. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1.9. CONCEPTUAL - FRAMEWORK

1.10. THEORIES

3. USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY

5. FRAMING THEORY

6. COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Chapter 2

2.1.1. Literature Review-1

2.1.2. Literature Review-2 Introduction

2.1.3. Literature Review-3 Introduction

2.1.4. Literature Review-4 Introduction

2.1.5. Literature Review:5

2.1.6. Literature Review: 6

2.1.7. Literature Review: 7

2.1.8. Literature Review: 8

2.1.9. Literature Review: 9

2.2. THEMES: LITERATURE REVIEW:

2.3. REFLECTIONS:

2.3.1. BIOPICS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY:

2.4. RESEARCH GAPS IDENTIFIED

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 3

3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN

3.2. Pilot Study

3.3. Quantitative Research Method

3.3.1. Survey Method

3.3.2. Data Collection

3.3.3. Sample

3.3.4. Administration of Survey Questionnaire

3.3.4.1. Questionnaires classification

3.3.5. Informed Consents

3.4. Variables

3.4.1. Independent Variables

3.4.2. Dependent Variables

3.5. MEASUREMENT

3.6. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT

FINDINGS, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1. Demographic Profile

4.2. SURVEY QUESTIONS

4.2.1. UNDERSTANDING OF BIOPICS

4.2.2. Viewing Habits and General Perceptions

4.2.3. Impact of Performances and Popularity

4.2.3. Educational Value and Societal Impact

4.2.4. Themes and Representation

4.2.5. Impact on the Film Industry

4.3. Pie Charts and Interpretation

4.4. INDIAN BIOPICS AND STORY LINE

4.4.1. M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story

4.4.2. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag

4.4.3. Mary Kom

4.4.4. Dangal

4.4.5. Sanju

4.4.6. Mahanati

4.4.7. 12th Fail

4.4.8. Shakuntala Devi

4.4.9. Super 30

4.4.10. Major

4.4.11. Shershaah

4.4.12. Amaran

4.4.13. The Accidental Prime Minister

4.4.14. Chhaava

4.4.15. “Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi”

FINDINGS, DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.2. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY