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Die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie in Görlitz unter Dr. Reimer und Dr. Kahlbaum

Title: Die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie in Görlitz unter Dr. Reimer und Dr. Kahlbaum

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation , 2021 , 376 Pages , Grade: Magna cum laude

Autor:in: Friederike Schlichting (Author)

Medicine - History
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Vor Eröffnung der privaten „Heilanstalt für Epileptiker“ 1855 durch Hermann A. Reimer gab es in Görlitz und der Umgebung keine spezialisierte Betreuung und Behandlung von Epilepsiekranken. Die Aufnahme von Epileptikern in öffentlichen „Irrenanstalten“ war im Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz sogar verboten. Somit hatte Reimer nachweislich in Deutschland, wenn nicht sogar in Europa, eine der ersten ärztlich geleiteten und spezialisierten Einrichtungen für Epileptiker gegründet.

Aufgrund des nur ungenügenden Patientenzustroms im ersten Jahr nach Anstaltseröffnung musste Reimer das Spektrum der zu behandelnden Patienten auch auf Patienten mit anderen Geistesstörungen ausweiten. Mit der Erweiterung seiner Institution im Jahr 1856 zur privaten „Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Gehirn- und Nervenkranke“ entstand in Görlitz erstmals die Möglichkeit, auch psychisch Kranke speziell zu versorgen und zu behandeln.

1866 stellte Reimer den Nervenarzt und Privatdozenten Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum als ersten Assistenten ein, dem er bereits 1867 seine Anstalt übergab. Bereits während Kahlbaums Anstellung an der staatlichen „Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Allenberg“ konzentrierte er sich auf die klinische Beobachtung und Dokumentation der psychiatrischen Patienten, woraus er entgegen der seinerzeit vertretenen „Einheitspsychose“- eine klinisch-orientierte Klassifikation für psychiatrische Krankheitsbilder zu entwickeln versuchte. Mit der klinischen Betrachtungsweise seiner Patienten war nicht nur eine Differenzierung der Patienten, sondern auch die Erstellung neuer Diagnosen und damit auch eine Prognoseabschätzung möglich geworden, die schließlich auch zu einer weiteren Spezialisierung im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie führten. Im Zuge der Spezialisierung entstand nicht nur eine Pflegeabteilung für chronisch Kranke, sondern auch erstmals ein sogenanntes „Ärztliches Pädagogium“ speziell für psychisch kranke Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene des männlichen Geschlechts. Auch gab es bereits seit den 1870er Jahren regelmäßig Sprechstundenzeiten im Sinne einer ambulanten Patientenbetreuung.

Beide Ärzte bemühten sich frühzeitig um ein balanciertes Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis im Sinne eines „moral management“ mit zunehmender Distanz weg von „Zwangsanwendungen“, hin zu einem „no-restraint System“ und offenem Fürsorgekonzepts.

Excerpt


Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Einleitung

2 Quellen und Methodik

3 Unterbringung psychisch Kranker im 19. Jahrhundert in Europa

3.1 „Irrenanstalten“ allgemein

3.1.1 Getrennte Heil- und Pflegeanstalten

3.1.2 Relativ verbundene Heil- und Pflegeanstalten

3.1.3 Kombinierte Heil- und Pflegeanstalten

3.1.4 Alternative Unterbringungsformen

3.1.5 Privatanstalten

3.1.6 Anstalten für geistesgestörte Kinder

3.1.7 „Irrenärztliche“ Ausbildung

3.2 Heil- und Pflegeanstalten im Königreich Preußen

3.2.1 Öffentliche „Irrenanstalten“ Preußens zwischen 1852 und 1875

3.2.2 Private „Irrenanstalten“ Preußens zwischen 1852 und 1875

3.2.3 Öffentliche Heil- und Pflegeanstalten in der preußischen Provinz Schlesien

4 Görlitz zwischen Gründerzeit und Jahrhundertwende

5 Die „Irrenversorgung“ in Görlitz

6 Die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für an Epilepsie Erkrankte in Görlitz

6.1 Hermann Andreas Reimer

6.1.1 Familie und Schulzeit

6.1.2 Studium der Medizin

6.1.3 Beruflicher Beginn

6.1.4 Praktische Tätigkeit als Arzt, Wundarzt und Geburtshelfer in Görlitz

6.1.5 Berufliche Neuorientierung als Leiter einer Privatanstalt für Epileptiker

6.1.6 Gesellschaftliche und soziale Aktivitäten Reimers

6.1.7 Voraussetzung, Motivation für die Etablierung einer Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Epileptiker

6.2 Gründung der privaten Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Gemüts- und Nervenkranke in Görlitz von Reimer

6.2.1 Die private Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für an Epilepsie Erkrankte aus den gebildeten Ständen zwischen 1855 und 1856

6.2.2 Erweiterung und Umbenennung der Reimerschen Anstalt in Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Gemüts- und Nervenkranke 1856-1867

6.2.3 Übergabe der Reimerschen Anstalt an Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum

6.3 Reimers berufliche Entwicklung nach seiner Zeit in Görlitz

6.3.1 Beruflicher Neubeginn in Dresden

6.3.2 Übernahme der Großherzoglichen Heilanstalt Sachsenberg/Schwerin

6.3.3 Zwischenstationen in Berlin und Dresden

6.3.4 Lebensabend in Stuttgart

7 Die private Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Gemüts- und Nervenkranke 1867-1899

7.1 Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum

7.1.1 Familie und Schulzeit

7.1.2 Studium

7.1.3 Beruflicher Werdegang

7.1.4 Anstellung an der privaten Nervenheil- und Pflegeanstalt Reimers in Görlitz

7.1.5 Gesellschaftliche und soziale Aktivitäten Kahlbaums

7.2 Kahlbaums Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Psychiatrie

7.2.1 Kahlbaums Klinische Erweiterung der „Einheitspsychose“

7.2.2 Das Spannungsirresein/ Katatonie

7.2.3 Hebephrenie, Heboidophrenie

7.2.4 Zirkuläres Irresein

7.3 Die private Nervenheilanstalt unter Kahlbaum

7.3.1 Das psychiatrische Konzept Kahlbaums im Zusammenspiel mit der architektonischen Entwicklung seiner Anstalt

7.3.2 Therapeutische Maßnahmen Kahlbaums

7.3.3 Die Entwicklung der Patientenzahlen und der personellen Situation zwischen 1867-1899

7.4 Die Persönlichkeit Kahlbaum

Zielsetzung & Themen

Die vorliegende Dissertation zielt darauf ab, die regionale Medizingeschichte des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts in Görlitz aufzuarbeiten, indem sie insbesondere die Reimersche bzw. Kahlbaumsche Nervenheil- und Pflegeanstalt wissenschaftlich untersucht. Dabei steht die Erforschung der beruflichen Hintergründe von Hermann Andreas Reimer und Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum sowie deren Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie vor Ort im Vordergrund.

  • Beitrag von Hermann Andreas Reimer zur Gründung und Entwicklung der Privatanstalt in Görlitz.
  • Wissenschaftliche Verdienste von Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum in der Psychiatrie.
  • Vergleichende Analyse der therapeutischen Ansätze von Reimer und Kahlbaum.
  • Einfluss der gesellschaftlichen und industriellen Entwicklung auf die psychiatrische Versorgung in Görlitz.
  • Bedeutung der Anstalt als Ausbildungsstätte für deutsche Psychiater.

Auszug aus dem Buch

1 Einleitung

Im Jahr 2004, etwa 150 Jahre nach Eröffnung der Reimerschen Heil- und Pflegeanstalt in der damals noch preußischen Stadt Görlitz, wurden die Tore der in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts als zweite Medizinische Klinik des Görlitzer Bezirkskrankenhaus weitergeführten Einrichtung endgültig geschlossen. Seitdem sind das Gelände sowie die teils im Original erhaltenen Bauten zunehmend dem Verfall preisgegeben worden. Dennoch ist das bestehende Areal an der nach dem Zweitbesitzer benannten Dr.-Kahlbaum-Allee den meisten Görlitzer Bürgern noch gut in Erinnerung.

Auch nach fast zwei Jahrzehnten ist das Interesse an einer Wiedereröffnung der ehemaligen Reimerschen/ Kahlbaumschen Nervenheil- und Pflegeanstalt groß. Verschiedene Investoren bemühten sich über die Jahre, das Gelände seiner ursprünglichen Funktion zurückführen zu können. Vielversprechend schien das Konzept eines Zentrums für Demenzkranke, welches bis zum heutigen Tag jedoch nicht umgesetzt werden konnte. Bereits Jahrzehnte zuvor begannen sich einzelne Görlitzer Ärzte mit den Begründern der späteren zweiten Medizinischen Klinik zu beschäftigen.

Zunehmend in den Fokus der regionalen Öffentlichkeit gelangte schließlich aber nur Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, da dieser bereits Bekanntheitsgrad unter den psychiatrischen Fachvertretern weltweit erworben hatte, ihn in Görlitz jedoch kaum jemand kennt. Bedeutung erlangte Kahlbaum nicht nur mit der Beschreibung der Katatonie und Hebephrenie, sondern auch mit seiner neuaufgestellten Klassifikation psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder, die jedoch zunehmende Anerkennung erst durch Emil Kraepelin erfuhr. Auch wenn die Kahlbaumschen Lehren im 20. Jahrhundert weite Verbreitung fanden, ist kaum jemandem der Ursprung und der Ort seines Wirkens bekannt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, nicht nur die regionale Medizingeschichte weiter aufzuarbeiten, sondern auch die Bedeutung Reimers und Kahlbaums für die Stadt Görlitz und für die Psychiatrie im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert in den Vordergrund zu stellen. Zudem wurde dem eigentlichen Begründer der Privatanstalt, Hermann Andreas Reimer, bisher kaum Beachtung geschenkt. Seine Bedeutung für die Stadt und die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie in Görlitz ist jedoch nicht unerheblich, sodass seine Person und Arbeit mit dieser Dissertation entsprechend gewürdigt werden soll.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel

1 Einleitung: Diese Einleitung führt in die historische Bedeutung der Reimerschen und Kahlbaumschen Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Görlitz ein und umreißt die Zielsetzung der medizinhistorischen Forschung.

2 Quellen und Methodik: Es wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Quellenrecherche erläutert, wobei insbesondere die Nutzung von Archiven in Berlin, Liegnitz und Görlitz sowie die Auswertung von Fachzeitschriften hervorgehoben wird.

3 Unterbringung psychisch Kranker im 19. Jahrhundert in Europa: Dieses Kapitel bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung psychiatrischer Unterbringungsformen in Europa und Preußen, von der Verwahranstalt bis hin zur kombinierten Heil- und Pflegeanstalt.

4 Görlitz zwischen Gründerzeit und Jahrhundertwende: Der Kontext der wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen der Stadt Görlitz wird als Voraussetzung für die Etablierung der Privatanstalt Reimers analysiert.

5 Die „Irrenversorgung“ in Görlitz: Die spezifischen lokalen Bedingungen der psychiatrischen Versorgung in Görlitz vor und während der Zeit von Reimer und Kahlbaum werden dargelegt.

6 Die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für an Epilepsie Erkrankte in Görlitz: Dieses umfangreiche Kapitel widmet sich der Biografie von Hermann Andreas Reimer, seinen beruflichen Anfängen und der Gründung seiner Privatanstalt.

7 Die private Heil- und Pflegeanstalt für Gemüts- und Nervenkranke 1867-1899: Im Fokus steht hier das Wirken von Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, seine psychiatrischen Leistungen sowie die strukturelle und architektonische Weiterentwicklung seiner Anstalt.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychiatriegeschichte, Görlitz, Nervenheilanstalt, Hermann Andreas Reimer, Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, Epilepsie, Irrenanstalten, Anstaltspsychiatrie, Katatonie, Hebephrenie, Medizingeschichte, Nervenheilkunde, Heil- und Pflegeanstalt, 19. Jahrhundert, Patientenfürsorge.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Worum geht es in der Arbeit grundsätzlich?

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der medizinhistorischen Bedeutung der privaten Nervenheil- und Pflegeanstalt in Görlitz, die durch Dr. Hermann Andreas Reimer begründet und durch Dr. Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum zu internationaler Bekanntheit geführt wurde.

Was sind die zentralen Themenfelder?

Die zentralen Themenfelder umfassen die Geschichte der Psychiatrie im 19. Jahrhundert, die architektonische und therapeutische Entwicklung von Anstalten sowie die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Kahlbaum in der Klassifikation psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder.

Was ist das primäre Ziel der Arbeit?

Das Ziel ist es, die regionale Medizingeschichte von Görlitz aufzuarbeiten und die Bedeutung von Reimer und Kahlbaum für die Entwicklung der modernen Psychiatrie in Deutschland herauszustellen.

Welche wissenschaftliche Methode wird verwendet?

Es handelt sich um eine wissenschaftshistorische Arbeit, die auf einer umfassenden Quellenrecherche (Archive, Korrespondenzen, zeitgenössische medizinische Fachliteratur) basiert.

Was wird im Hauptteil behandelt?

Der Hauptteil behandelt die historische Entwicklung des Irrenanstaltswesens, die Gründungsgeschichte der Görlitzer Klinik, die Leistungen von Kahlbaum auf dem Gebiet der Psychiatrie sowie die therapeutischen und baulichen Konzepte der Anstalt.

Welche Schlüsselwörter charakterisieren die Arbeit?

Psychiatriegeschichte, Görlitz, Nervenheilanstalt, Hermann Andreas Reimer, Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum, Epilepsie, Anstaltspsychiatrie, Katatonie und Hebephrenie.

Welche Bedeutung hatte Reimer für die Psychiatrie in Görlitz?

Reimer war der eigentliche Begründer der Privatanstalt in Görlitz, ursprünglich für Epileptiker, und legte das Fundament für die spätere spezialisierte Nervenheilanstalt, die Kahlbaum weiterentwickelte.

Was zeichnete Kahlbaums psychiatrisches Konzept aus?

Kahlbaums Konzept zeichnete sich durch eine systematische klinische Patientenbeobachtung, eine klinisch-nosologische Einteilung von Geisteskrankheiten und eine ganzheitliche Therapie (Milieutherapie) aus, die ihn zu einem Wegbereiter der modernen Psychiatrie machte.

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Details

Title
Die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie in Görlitz unter Dr. Reimer und Dr. Kahlbaum
College
Dresden Technical University  (Geschichte der Medizin)
Grade
Magna cum laude
Author
Friederike Schlichting (Author)
Publication Year
2021
Pages
376
Catalog Number
V1582474
ISBN (PDF)
9783389129302
ISBN (Book)
9783389129319
Language
German
Tags
Reimer Kahlbaum Psychiatrie Hebephrenie Katatonie Fröding Herzlieb Ärztliches Pädagogium Görlitz Medizingeschichte
Product Safety
GRIN Publishing GmbH
Quote paper
Friederike Schlichting (Author), 2021, Die Entwicklung der Psychiatrie in Görlitz unter Dr. Reimer und Dr. Kahlbaum, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1582474
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
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  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
  • Depending on your browser, you might see this message in place of the failed image.
Excerpt from  376  pages
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