Grundlinien der Stadtentwicklung in Ost-Deutschland 1960-1990


Seminararbeit, 2006

15 Seiten


Leseprobe


Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Maps

List of Images

List of Case Studies

Abbreviations

List of Appendices

Currency exchange rates

Introduction

1. Household energy consumption in Developing Countries
1.1 Biomass – cooking fuel for the poor
1.2 Kerosene - fuel based lighting for the poor

2. The importance of household energy in reaching the Millennium Development Goals
2.1 How the use of traditional biomass leads to environmental degradation
2.2 Traditional biomass and respiratory infections
2.3 Socio-economic impacts of the use of traditional biomass
2.4 The effects of fuel based lighting

3. The growing importance of Renewable Energy Technologies
3.1 The status of renewable energy technologies in Developing Countries
3.2 Increasing affordability due to reduction in costs
3.3 Growing investment in the establishment of renewable energy technologies

4. Barriers for the diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing Countries
4.1 The need for accurate data
4.2 The importance of a conducive, institutional environment
4.2.1 Government policy interventions for the wider promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies
4.2.2 Policy impacts on rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa
4.2.3 Possible interventions in favour of rural electrification
4.2.3.1 Co-operatively managed off-grid schemes
4.2.3.2 Are rural households able to pay for energy services?
4.2.3.3 Rural Energy Service Company – overcoming initial costs and service constraints
4.2.3.4 The potential of micro-financing
4.2.4 The need for a local supply infrastructure
4.2.5 The need for quality control
4.3 Social acceptance by consumers
4.3.1 The diffusion of innovations
4.3.2 The need for technology cooperation
4.3.3 No awareness: no adoption

5. Sub-Saharan Africa’s dependency on traditional biomass and kerosene
5.1 The practicability of sustainably producing traditional biomass
5.2 The feasibility of increasing the energy efficiency of traditional biomass

6. Household energy in Kenya
6.1 Electricity, a future energy source for the poor?
6.1.1 The Rural Electrification Programme
6.1.2 Can future electricity generation meet the demand?
6.1.3 Affordable tariffs vs. unaffordable connection fees
6.2 Kenya’s potential for ‘stand alone’ renewable based power generation
6.2.1 The potential of micro-hydro power
6.2.2 The potential of wind energy
6.2.3 The potential of solar photovoltaics
6.2.4 The potential of bioenergy
6.2.4.1 Direct combustion of biomass
6.2.4.2 The potential of bio-chemical conversion
6.2.4.3 The potential of biofuel

7. Jatropha curcas L. – the potential of a multipurpose oil tree
7.1 Properties of the species
7.1.1 Medicinal value of leaves and seeds
7.1.2 Energy value of crude jatropha oil
7.1.3 Geographical distribution within Kenya
7.2 Jatropha plantations in Developing Countries and their viability
7.2.1 Agro-economical requirements
7.2.2 Environmental impacts
7.2.3 Socio-economic effects
7.2.4 Intercropping – Outgrower scheme
7.2.5 The feasibility of an international certification scheme
7.3 Overview of Jatropha activities in Kenya

8. The suitability of Jatropha for decentralized energy provision
8.1 Implementing agency and project design
8.2 The Stakeholders
8.3. Materials and Methods

9. The areas of examination
9.1 The Natural Environment
9.1.1 Geology and geomorphology
9.1.2 the Soils
9.1.3 The Climate
9.1.4 Population and ethnic groups
9.2 Economics
9.2.1 Agricultural potential
9.2.2 Land-use practices
9.2.3 The importance of tree crops

10. Household energy consumption
10.1 Energy for cooking
10.2 Energy for lighting
10.3 Perceived problems in relation to different fuel sources

11. The production – Jatropha as buffer zone and hedge plant
11.1 Community knowledge about Jatropha
11.2 The importance of buffer zones to protect indigenous forests
11.2.1 Makaya - biodiversity hot spots under threat
11.2.2 Kaya Muhaka’s biodiversity
11.2.3 The Jatropha buffer zone
11.3 Production on farms – Jatropha hedges to protect food crops
11.3.1 The viability of Jatropha for a drought coping strategy
11.3.2 Productivity of Jatropha trial areas
11.3.3 Jatropha’s economic viability as a hedge plant in Kenya

12. The processing of Jatropha seeds
12.1 Combining the production of crude jatropha oil and jatropha seed cake briquettes
12.2 Financing the expeller

13. The potential of Jatropha products for household energy usage
13.1 The need for affordable and socially accepted energy appliances
13.2 The introduction of crude Jatropha oil and Jatropha seed cake briquettes – building on households’ familiarity
13.2.1 The Akiba lamp
13.2.2 Crude Jatropha oil as a renewable alternative to kerosene
13.2.3 Jatropha seed cake briquettes as a renewable alternative to firewood

14. Trading of feedstock vs. decentralized processing
14.1 The Jatropha Value Chain
14.2 Can production meet demand - a prognosis

15. Discussion and perspectives

Cited Literature

Zusammenfassung

Executive Summary

Ende der Leseprobe aus 15 Seiten

Details

Titel
Grundlinien der Stadtentwicklung in Ost-Deutschland 1960-1990
Hochschule
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz  (Geographisches Institut)
Veranstaltung
Humangeographie I - Siedlungsgeographie - Übung
Autor
Jahr
2006
Seiten
15
Katalognummer
V159563
ISBN (eBook)
9783640719938
ISBN (Buch)
9783640720019
Dateigröße
3536 KB
Sprache
Deutsch
Schlagworte
Grundlinien, Stadtentwicklung, Ost-Deutschland
Arbeit zitieren
Benjamin Mustafic (Autor:in), 2006, Grundlinien der Stadtentwicklung in Ost-Deutschland 1960-1990, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/159563

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