A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 152 patients with nodular thyroid lesions between January 2000 and December 2006, attended at the Endocrinology - Head and Neck Surgery clinic of the "Guillermo Domínguez López" General Teaching Hospital in Puerto Padre, who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) where 22 cases were operated. 12 positives by cytology, 6 suspected and 4 by clinical and imaging data of malignancy, with the aim of specifying the clinical indications of this procedure, determining the age groups and sexes most affected by thyroid nodules, as well as the most frequent cytohistological variants in this environment and finally evaluating the degree of cytopathological and histopathological correlation of the operated cases. The studies conducted showed that the clinical indication was higher in the single thyroid nodule, with female sex and ages between 31 and 40 years prevailing. On the other hand, colloid goiter was the most frequent variety among benign lesions, while papillary carcinoma was the most representative among malignant lesions. The indication for FNA predominated in the single thyroid nodule, female sex and in the fourth decade of life, the most frequent benign nodular lesions of the thyroid was colloid goiter, while papillary carcinoma in malignant thyroid was also demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 66.6% and an efficacy of 90.90%. with positive and negative predictive values of between 88.8 and 100%, respectively.
Table of Contents
1. Summary
2. Introduction
3. Objectives
3.1 General
3.2 Specific
4. Material and Method
5. Results
6. Discussion
Objectives and Themes
The primary objective of this research is to enhance the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, particularly those presenting as nodules, by utilizing the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) technique. The study investigates clinical indications, demographic distribution, cytohistological variants, and the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure within a specific clinical setting in Puerto Padre.
- Clinical indications for fine-needle aspiration biopsy
- Demographic analysis (age and sex) of affected patients
- Identification of frequent cytohistological variants
- Evaluation of cytopathological and histopathological correlation
- Diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of the FNAB method
Excerpt from the Book
Discussion
Thyroid FNA and subsequent cytological examination of the material obtained can provide useful information in the study of several entities that affect the gland, however, its main indication is the differential diagnosis of the etiology of the nodule, therefore in our series the fundamental indication was the single nodule, followed by the nodular goiter and the multinodular goiter, coinciding with other studies in this regard (see Graph 1) (Llatjós & Lucas, 1999), (Greenspan, 1995), (Arpa & González, 2001).
It should be borne in mind that when cancer and nodule studies are carried out, malignancy in the single nodule is more frequent (15-20%), although this should not force us to adopt a passive approach to nodular and multinodular goiters, since the frequency of cancer is not negligible (Ochoa, Gil, & Alavez, 2001).
When we analyzed the age distribution (see graph 2), we observed that the largest number of cases corresponded to between 31 and 50 years of age, coinciding with other studies conducted (Llatjós & Lucas, 1999), (Greenspan, 1995), (Arpa & González, 2001), (Ochoa, Gil, & Alavez, 2001).
From an epidemiological point of view, they are more frequent between the fourth and fifth decade of life, even in people over 60 years of age, it is 5% (Mazzaferri, 1993), (Cassola, Guerra, & Peralta, 1999).
Summary of Chapters
Summary: Provides an overview of the study scope, methodology, and primary findings regarding the efficacy and accuracy of FNAB in the studied patient cohort.
Introduction: Outlines the clinical relevance of fine needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules and the challenges associated with distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.
Objectives: Defines the general and specific goals of the research, focusing on improving the diagnosis of thyroid nodules through standardized biopsy procedures.
Material and Method: Describes the study design, patient selection criteria, sampling techniques, and the statistical methods used for data analysis.
Results: Presents the statistical data gathered, including patient demographics, frequency of nodule types, and the correlation between cytological and histological findings.
Discussion: Interprets the findings in the context of existing literature, evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the FNA technique in the clinical setting.
Keywords
Thyroid nodule, Fine needle aspiration biopsy, FNAB, Cytopathology, Histopathology, Diagnostic accuracy, Papillary carcinoma, Colloid goiter, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive value, Thyroid pathology, Oncology, Surgical indication, Clinical diagnosis
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on evaluating the diagnostic efficacy and clinical application of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for patients with nodular thyroid lesions at a specific hospital in Puerto Padre.
What are the primary themes addressed in the work?
Key themes include the clinical indications for biopsy, the demographic profile of patients, the identification of benign versus malignant variants, and the correlation between cytology and histology.
What is the primary goal of the study?
The primary goal is to improve the diagnostic accuracy and knowledge of thyroid diseases in nodular form, ultimately helping to define appropriate therapeutic strategies and reduce unnecessary surgical interventions.
Which scientific methodology is employed?
The study utilizes a cross-sectional observational methodology, involving diagnostic fine needle aspiration, cytological evaluation, and subsequent histological verification for operated cases, supported by statistical significance testing.
What aspects are covered in the main body?
The main body covers the introduction of the technique, research objectives, detailed study methodology, presentation of demographic and clinical data via graphs and tables, and a critical discussion of the results.
How would you characterize this work with keywords?
The work is characterized by terms such as thyroid nodule, FNAB, cytopathology, diagnostic accuracy, and histological correlation, reflecting its clinical and diagnostic nature.
How do the results help in reducing unnecessary surgeries?
By achieving high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing benign nodules through FNA, clinicians can better identify patients who do not require surgery, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary procedures and associated health costs.
Why is papillary carcinoma highlighted in the findings?
Papillary carcinoma is highlighted because it was identified as the most representative and frequent malignancy among the operated thyroid lesions in this study, aligning with broader medical literature.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Manuel Medina Suarez (Autor:in), Dr. Alfredo Vallés Gamboa (Autor:in), Dr. Lisander Acosta Vergés (Autor:in), Dr. Grisel Cuesta (Autor:in), Manuel Javier Medina Rodriguez (Autor:in), 2007, Cytopathology in thyroid nodule, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1604320
