Drought stress is a major global constraint limiting wheat productivity, necessitating the identification of stable genotypes and reliable selection criteria for breeding programs. The present study was conducted at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, during Rabi 2017–18 using sixteen spring wheat genotypes, including thirteen coded lines and three local checks (Kiran-95, NIA-Sunhari, and Chakwal), evaluated under three irrigation regimes (T1 = zero, T2 = two, and T3 = four irrigations). Significant genetic variability was observed among genotypes and treatments for most agronomic traits, including relative water content, tillers per meter², plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index.
Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was consistently and strongly associated with biological yield (r = 0.87** under T1; r = 0.87** under T2; r = 0.88** under T3) and with harvest index under higher irrigation (r = 0.65**). The overall correlation across environments confirmed significant positive associations of grain yield with biological yield (r = 0.89**) and harvest index (r = 0.66**). Genotypes such as CIM-04-10, C5-13-4a, and C2-98-8 demonstrated superior performance across multiple traits, while NIA-Sunhari excelled among local checks.
These findings suggest that spike length, peduncle length, grains per spike, biological yield, and early heading can serve as effective selection criteria for improving spring wheat productivity under drought stress. The study underscores the potential of correlation and regression analysis in identifying key yield components to guide future wheat breeding strategies under water-limited conditions.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter II: Review of Literature
- 2.1 Impact of Drought Stress on Wheat Physiology and Yield
- 2.2 Interrelationships among Yield Components and Their Contribution to Grain Yield
- 2.3 Application of Statistical Tools: Correlation and Regression
- 2.4 Screening and Identification of Drought-Tolerant Genotypes
- 2.5 Conclusion from the Literature Review
- Chapter III: Materials and Methods
- 3.1 Experimental Site and Plant Material
- 3.2 Experimental Design and Irrigation Treatments
- 3.3 Recorded Traits
- 3.5 Experimental Layout
- Chapter IV: Results
- 4.1 Correlation Coefficient
- 4.1.1 Correlation Coefficient of Polled data
- 4.1.2 Correlation Coefficient in T₁ (zero irrigation)
- 4.1.3 Correlation Coefficient in T2 (Two irrigations)
- 4.1.4 Correlation coefficient in T3 (four irrigations)
- 4.2 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b)
- 4.2.1 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of pooled data
- 4.2.2 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T₁ (zero irrigation)
- 4.2.3 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T2 (two irrigations)
- 4.2.4 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T3 (four irrigations)
- 4.1 Correlation Coefficient
- Chapter V: Discussions
- Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusion
Objectives and Key Themes
The objective of this research is to analyze the yield and yield components of spring wheat under various drought stress conditions using correlation and regression analysis. The study aims to understand the relationships between different yield components and their contribution to overall grain yield under different irrigation regimes.
- Impact of drought stress on wheat physiology and yield.
- Interrelationships among yield components and their contribution to grain yield.
- Application of correlation and regression analysis to understand yield relationships.
- Identification of drought-tolerant genotypes.
- Analysis of yield under different irrigation treatments.
Chapter Summaries
Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter introduces the topic of drought stress in spring wheat and its impact on yield. It sets the stage for the research by highlighting the significance of understanding drought tolerance mechanisms in wheat and the importance of statistical tools like correlation and regression analysis in this field. The chapter likely outlines the specific research questions and hypotheses that will guide the study.
Chapter II: Review of Literature: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on drought stress in wheat. It examines previous studies investigating the physiological effects of drought on wheat plants and the impact on various yield components. The review likely explores the relationships between yield components and their contribution to overall grain yield. Furthermore, it discusses the application of statistical methods such as correlation and regression analysis in similar studies and explores methodologies used for screening and identifying drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. Finally, it summarizes the key findings from the literature review, creating a foundation for the current research.
Chapter III: Materials and Methods: This chapter details the experimental design and methodology employed in the study. It describes the experimental site, plant material used (spring wheat varieties), and the experimental design chosen (likely including different irrigation treatments representing various drought stress levels). The chapter specifies the traits measured (yield components such as number of grains per spike, grain weight, etc., and overall grain yield) and the experimental layout. A detailed explanation of the irrigation schedule and growth stages monitored will also be present.
Chapter IV: Results: This chapter presents the findings of the correlation and regression analyses performed on the collected data. The results likely include correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination (R²), and regression coefficients for various yield components under different irrigation treatments. The chapter is organized to present the results in a structured manner, potentially separating the findings based on the pooled data and the different irrigation treatments (zero, two, and four irrigations).
Chapter V: Discussions: This chapter interprets the results presented in Chapter IV. It discusses the observed relationships between yield components and their contribution to grain yield under drought stress. The chapter likely explains the statistical significance of the findings and connects the results to the existing literature reviewed in Chapter II. It may also address any limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.
Keywords
Spring wheat, drought stress, yield components, correlation analysis, regression analysis, irrigation treatments, drought tolerance, grain yield, statistical analysis, plant physiology.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter II: Review of Literature
- 2.1 Impact of Drought Stress on Wheat Physiology and Yield
- 2.2 Interrelationships among Yield Components and Their Contribution to Grain Yield
- 2.3 Application of Statistical Tools: Correlation and Regression
- 2.4 Screening and Identification of Drought-Tolerant Genotypes
- 2.5 Conclusion from the Literature Review
- Chapter III: Materials and Methods
- 3.1 Experimental Site and Plant Material
- 3.2 Experimental Design and Irrigation Treatments
- 3.3 Recorded Traits
- 3.5 Experimental Layout
- Chapter IV: Results
- 4.1 Correlation Coefficient
- 4.1.1 Correlation Coefficient of Polled data
- 4.1.2 Correlation Coefficient in T₁ (zero irrigation)
- 4.1.3 Correlation Coefficient in T2 (Two irrigations)
- 4.1.4 Correlation coefficient in T3 (four irrigations)
- 4.2 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b)
- 4.2.1 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of pooled data
- 4.2.2 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T₁ (zero irrigation)
- 4.2.3 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T2 (two irrigations)
- 4.2.4 Correlation (r) Coefficient of determination (r²) and regression coefficient (b) of T3 (four irrigations)
- 4.1 Correlation Coefficient
- Chapter V: Discussions
- Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusion
Objectives and Key Themes
The objective of this research is to analyze the yield and yield components of spring wheat under various drought stress conditions using correlation and regression analysis. The study aims to understand the relationships between different yield components and their contribution to overall grain yield under different irrigation regimes.
- Impact of drought stress on wheat physiology and yield.
- Interrelationships among yield components and their contribution to grain yield.
- Application of correlation and regression analysis to understand yield relationships.
- Identification of drought-tolerant genotypes.
- Analysis of yield under different irrigation treatments.
Chapter Summaries
Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter introduces the topic of drought stress in spring wheat and its impact on yield. It sets the stage for the research by highlighting the significance of understanding drought tolerance mechanisms in wheat and the importance of statistical tools like correlation and regression analysis in this field. The chapter likely outlines the specific research questions and hypotheses that will guide the study.
Chapter II: Review of Literature: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on drought stress in wheat. It examines previous studies investigating the physiological effects of drought on wheat plants and the impact on various yield components. The review likely explores the relationships between yield components and their contribution to overall grain yield. Furthermore, it discusses the application of statistical methods such as correlation and regression analysis in similar studies and explores methodologies used for screening and identifying drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. Finally, it summarizes the key findings from the literature review, creating a foundation for the current research.
Chapter III: Materials and Methods: This chapter details the experimental design and methodology employed in the study. It describes the experimental site, plant material used (spring wheat varieties), and the experimental design chosen (likely including different irrigation treatments representing various drought stress levels). The chapter specifies the traits measured (yield components such as number of grains per spike, grain weight, etc., and overall grain yield) and the experimental layout. A detailed explanation of the irrigation schedule and growth stages monitored will also be present.
Chapter IV: Results: This chapter presents the findings of the correlation and regression analyses performed on the collected data. The results likely include correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination (R²), and regression coefficients for various yield components under different irrigation treatments. The chapter is organized to present the results in a structured manner, potentially separating the findings based on the pooled data and the different irrigation treatments (zero, two, and four irrigations).
Chapter V: Discussions: This chapter interprets the results presented in Chapter IV. It discusses the observed relationships between yield components and their contribution to grain yield under drought stress. The chapter likely explains the statistical significance of the findings and connects the results to the existing literature reviewed in Chapter II. It may also address any limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.
Keywords
Spring wheat, drought stress, yield components, correlation analysis, regression analysis, irrigation treatments, drought tolerance, grain yield, statistical analysis, plant physiology.
Frequently asked questions
What is the primary objective of this research on spring wheat?
The primary objective of this research is to analyze the yield and yield components of spring wheat under various drought stress conditions. It uses correlation and regression analysis to understand the relationships between these components and their contribution to overall grain yield under different irrigation regimes.
What key themes are explored in this study?
The key themes explored are: the impact of drought stress on wheat physiology and yield, the interrelationships among yield components and their contribution to grain yield, the application of correlation and regression analysis, the identification of drought-tolerant genotypes, and the analysis of yield under different irrigation treatments.
What does Chapter 1 cover?
Chapter 1 introduces the topic of drought stress in spring wheat and its impact on yield. It highlights the significance of understanding drought tolerance mechanisms and the importance of statistical tools in this field, setting the stage for the research questions and hypotheses.
What is the focus of the Literature Review in Chapter II?
Chapter II provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on drought stress in wheat. It examines previous studies on the physiological effects of drought, the impact on yield components, the relationships between these components, the application of statistical methods, and methodologies for identifying drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. It concludes with a summary of key findings from the literature.
What does Chapter III detail?
Chapter III details the experimental design and methodology used in the study. It describes the experimental site, plant material (spring wheat varieties), and the experimental design, including different irrigation treatments. It specifies the traits measured, the experimental layout, and provides a detailed explanation of the irrigation schedule and growth stages monitored.
What is presented in Chapter IV?
Chapter IV presents the findings of the correlation and regression analyses performed on the collected data. The results include correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination (R²), and regression coefficients for various yield components under different irrigation treatments. The chapter is structured to present the results based on pooled data and different irrigation treatments.
What is discussed in Chapter V?
Chapter V interprets the results presented in Chapter IV, discussing the observed relationships between yield components and their contribution to grain yield under drought stress. It explains the statistical significance of the findings, connects the results to existing literature, and may address limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.
What are the key words associated with this research?
The keywords associated with this research are: Spring wheat, drought stress, yield components, correlation analysis, regression analysis, irrigation treatments, drought tolerance, grain yield, statistical analysis, plant physiology.
- Quote paper
- Muzamil Hussain Memon (Author), 2025, Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat under Drought Stress, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1611532
