With the growth of organized societies and the advent of hydraulic structures, aqueducts, and early drainage systems, anthropogenic contamination began to broadly impact water systems. The true turning point came with the Industrial Revolution. Fossil fuel combustion and large-scale manufacture as well as intensive chemical production rapidly expanded; never before had such volumes of emissions been released into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
Pollution evolved from being a localized environmental burden to attaining dimensions of a crisis at a global scale in the modern era. Now a days the anthropogenic pollution is now even seen in rural areas. And the pristine surrounding because of the long-range transport. Like for example the microplastic found in the polar snow and deep marines shows the effect of human generated contaminations. Thus, what we initially thought as a accidental by product has now become a widespread environmental emergency that has become a serous risk to ecological system, biodiversity and public healt all over the world.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1: Type of Pollution
- Chapter 2: Type of air pollutant and pollution
- Chapter 3: Experimentation
- Chapter 4: Result And Discussion
- Chapter 5: Application
- Chapter 6: Toxicology and Safety Assessment
- Publication
- Conclusion
- References
- Conference
- Appendix
Objective & Thematic Focus
This project fundamentally aims to develop and evaluate eco-friendly, next-generation air filters utilizing herbal and agricultural waste, specifically targeting the filtration of N2O gas. The core research question revolves around the synthesis, characterization, and application of titanium dioxide and manganese dioxide nanoparticles as effective components within these sustainable filtration systems.
- Eco-Friendly Filtration Technologies
- Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization (TiO2, MnO2)
- Utilization of Herbal and Agricultural Waste for Filter Media
- Air Pollution Control and Pollutant Removal Efficiency
- Toxicological and Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials
- Diverse Applications of Sustainable Filtration Systems
Excerpt from the Book
1.2 Why Pollution Matters: Environmental, Health, and Economic Impacts
Pollution is not just an environmental problem but is actually a silent killer that takes more live every year than any war, huger or natural disaster. The global studies shows that every year 9 million people die due to pollution which means for every six people who dies one of them dies due to pollution related problem. Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis combined do not surpass this number. And the most shocking information is that the number has not reduced since 2015 in fact it has increased even though we prosper in technology and development. So, we can say that right now pollution is indeed a very big threat to mankind. xi
Environmental Impacts: Nature's Warning Signs
It is not only about the sufferings of human but also the ecosystems. The real victims are the rivers and oceans that are been poisoned by toxic contaminants which in turn leads to air showing climate change and soil contamination. Under such situations the coral reefs bleach and forest wither meanwhile the wildlife population is also affected which is the clear sign of planet under pressure. The main problem with pollution is that it increases day by day and it makes the loss of species and also worsen the global warming problem. xii
Health Impacts: The Invisible Epidemic
The health dangers of pollution are typically unseen yet devastating. Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) from vehicles and industry penetrates deep into the lungs and enters the bloodstream, contributing to heart disease, strokes and cancer. Lead poisoning in children whose brains are still developing can result in aggressive behavior, learning disorders and stunted brain development. “Contaminated water spreads fatal infections and also exposure to lead with the children who are still under-developed stage of life exhibits aggressive behavior among many infections, diseases and learning disorders. In 2019 alone, air pollution was responsible for 6.7 million xiii deaths, water pollution 1.4 million xiv, and lead exposure 900,000 xv numbers that are statistics, but also lives lost and families shattered. In addition to human suffering, pollution siphons the global economy. Healthcare expenses soar, productivity drops, and crop yields tumble.
Summary of Chapters
Chapter 1: Type of Pollution: Discusses the historical and evolving nature of pollution, from the Industrial Revolution to the 21st century, detailing its environmental, health, and economic impacts, including air, water, soil, and noise pollution.
Chapter 2: Type of air pollutant and pollution: Categorizes air pollutants by source and characteristics (primary, secondary, hazardous, greenhouse gases) and explains their effects on human health and the environment.
Chapter 3: Experimentation: Outlines the experimental methodology for synthesizing key materials like manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the fabrication process for the Corchorus olitorius-based filter media.
Chapter 4: Result And Discussion: Presents the analytical results from UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD characterization of the synthesized MnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, discussing their morphological and optical properties.
Chapter 5: Application: Explores diverse potential applications of eco-friendly air filters, ranging from residential and healthcare settings to industrial, transportation, military, space, and urban infrastructure.
Chapter 6: Toxicology and Safety Assessment: Addresses the crucial evaluation of human and environmental safety of nanomaterials, including nanoparticle leaching risks, cytotoxicity testing, and regulatory compliance.
Conclusion: Summarizes the successful design, fabrication, and evaluation of the eco-friendly filter system, highlighting its high pollution removal efficiency and environmental benefits as a sustainable alternative.
Keywords
Eco-Friendly Filtration, Nanoparticles, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Manganese Dioxide (MnO2), Air Purification, Herbal Waste, Agricultural Waste, N2O Gas, Pollution Control, Material Characterization, Photocatalysis, Environmental Remediation, Sustainable Technology, Biodegradable Filters.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is this work fundamentally about?
This work fundamentally focuses on the development of eco-friendly, next-generation air filters using a combination of herbal and agricultural waste with synthesized manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, primarily for the filtration of N2O gas.
What are the central thematic areas?
The central thematic areas of this research include nanomaterials, environmental chemistry, sustainable air purification technologies, waste valorization, and public health impact assessments.
What is the primary objective or research question?
The primary objective is to design, fabricate, and evaluate a sustainable air filtration system made from herbal and agricultural waste, functionalized with MnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, to effectively remove N2O gas and other airborne pollutants.
Which scientific method is used?
The scientific methods employed include hydrothermal synthesis for MnO2 nanoparticles, sol-gel synthesis for TiO2 nanoparticles, detailed material characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD, and evaluation of filter performance for pollutant removal efficiency.
What is covered in the main part?
The main part of the work covers a comprehensive overview of pollution types and impacts, the detailed experimental methodology for nanoparticle synthesis and filter fabrication, the results and discussion from material characterization, and an exploration of the various applications and safety assessments of the developed eco-filters.
Which keywords characterize the work?
Key terms characterizing this work are Eco-Friendly Filtration, Nanoparticles, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Manganese Dioxide (MnO2), Air Purification, Herbal Waste, Agricultural Waste, and Pollution Control.
What type of agricultural waste is incorporated into the filter medium?
The filter medium is fabricated using Corchorus olitorius (jute) fibers, which are processed from freshly harvested stems through water retting and mechanical extraction.
What is the reported pollution removal efficiency of the developed filter system?
The developed filter system demonstrated an average pollution removal efficiency of 86.1% across various gaseous contaminants (COx, SOx, NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, PM14).
How do the MnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles enhance the filter's performance?
The MnO2 nanoparticles contribute through their catalytic redox activity, while TiO2 nanoparticles provide photocatalytic oxidation properties. Both, along with activated carbon, facilitate the degradation and adsorption of pollutants, contributing to the filter's high efficiency.
What are the future application areas identified for these eco-friendly filters?
Future application areas include residential and indoor spaces, healthcare and biomedical settings, industrial environments, transportation (automobiles, aircraft), military and space missions, and urban infrastructure for public health.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Neha Mishra (Autor:in), Soni Singh (Autor:in), 2025, Eco-Friendly Filtration. Designing Next-Gen Air Filters from Herbal and Agricultural Waste for N2O Gas, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1618223
