Nanotechnology has gained a lot of attention due to its potential in energy , environmental and biomedical applications. In this study, titanium dioxide and manganese dioxide has been synthesis under a controlled chemical method. The synthesized nanoparticle were characterized to evaluate there structures, morphological and optical properties. SEM revealed that both the nanoparticle showed uniform distribution with particles size in nanometer. TEM confirmed the crystalline nature and a detailed description on its lattice size, purity and well defined morphology. Further UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the absorption peaks, confirming their potential as photocatalyst and energy harvesting materials. This work shows the importance of synthesized nanoparticle, there characterization and application in nanomaterial based technologies.
Table of Contents
- List of table
- List of graphs
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Background of Anaesthetic Gas Safety in OTs
- 1.2 Existing Chamber Limitations and Need for Improvement.
- 1.3 Research Aim and Objectives.
- CHAPTER 2:- Literature Review
- 2.1 Types and Properties of Anaesthetic Gases..
- 2.2 Safety Standards and Regulations
- 2.3 Materials in Anaesthetic Gas Equipment
- 2.4 Key Recommendation..
- CHAPTER 3 :- Experimentation, Result & Discussion.
- 3.1 Material & Methods:-
- 3.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis of MnO2-TiO2 & Chitosan Nanocomposite
- 3.3 Result & Discussion.
- 3.3.1 XRD Analysis
- 3.3.2 UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS)
- 3.3.3 NMR Analysis
- 3.3.4 Photocatalytic Activity
- CHAPTER:- 4 Application
- 4.1 Antimicrobial Activity: Procedure:-
- Results: Antimicrobial Activity of MnO2 Nanoparticles.
- Results: Antimicrobial Activity of TiO2-Chitosan Nanoparticles
- 4.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity by HSRBC Membrane Stabilization
- Method
- Procedure:
- Results:
- 4.3 Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay
- Results:
- Results and Discussion :-
- Conclusion
Objectives & Thematic Focuses
This research aims to address the urgent clinical need for an improved anaesthetic gas chamber. The primary goal is to develop a system that overcomes the limitations of current scavenging technologies by integrating technological dependability with user-centered design, ensuring enhanced safety against occupational exposure, and simplifying installation, cleaning, and maintenance. A core objective involves the identification and assessment of innovative materials capable of withstanding prolonged chemical exposure and repeated sterilization cycles.
- Enhancing safety and efficiency in anaesthetic gas scavenging systems.
- Investigating material properties for improved durability and chemical resistance in medical equipment.
- Developing novel nanocomposite materials (MnO2-TiO2-Chitosan) with diverse biological and photocatalytic activities.
- Addressing occupational hazards and environmental concerns associated with waste anaesthetic gases.
- Designing a user-friendly and ergonomically optimal prototype for operating room integration.
- Benchmarking the performance of new prototypes against existing commercial solutions.
Excerpt from the Book
1.2 Existing Chamber Limitations and Need for Improvement.
Although scavenging systems are now frequently used in contemporary operating rooms, many of the designs still use antiquated techniques. Connectors and seals that gradually loosen over time are a common problem. During regular use, these joints are frequently moved and reattached, and even slight misalignments can cause little gas leaks. The problem is that waste anesthetic gases can enter the operating room undetected during the procedure because these leaks are usually silent and undetectable (EBME, n.d.; OSHA, n.d.) .xxv xxvi
The materials utilized in the production of scavenging systems present another difficulty. To avoid infection, hospital equipment is frequently cleaned and exposed to potent disinfectants. A large number of the elastomers and polymers used in gas chambers nowadays are not completely resistant to frequent cleaning. This may eventually cause the material to become weaker, develop microcracks, and alter in texture or color. Interactions between particular anesthetic gases and the materials used in the system can occasionally further jeopardize dependability and reduce the equipment's operating lifespan (BeaconMedaes, 2024; CDC, 2007). xxvii xxviii
Practical difficulties in operating rooms might also arise from the general layout and dimensions of current scavenging systems. Due to their size and rigidity, many units are challenging to install in small or modular OTs. The positioning of anesthesia machines, monitoring devices, and surgical carts must be given top priority in smaller facilities with constrained floor space. Large scavenging systems can make it difficult to move around, slow down operations, and raise the possibility of unintentional disconnections during daily tasks (EBME, n.d.; Royal College of Anaesthetists, 2019) xxix xxx
An additional difficulty is routine maintenance. Typically, scavenging systems are made up of several interconnected parts, such as hoses, filters, adapters, and valves, all of which need to be inspected frequently and replaced by qualified staff. Without easily accessible replacement parts or technical assistance, minor problems could continue and develop into major malfunctions. This issue is particularly noticeable in environments with limited resources, when access to qualified specialists and maintenance budgets are frequently constrained (CDC, 2007; OSHA, n.d.). xxxi xxxii
Operating room personnel also face a number of operational difficulties while using scavenging systems in their daily work. Certain equipment produce audible noise while in use, which might interfere with efficient team communication and be distracting during delicate procedures. Furthermore, some versions are difficult to use, especially in emergency situations where quick adjustments are necessary, because they require several steps to open or close valves and reroute gas flow. Uncomfortable control placement and poor ergonomics may deter regular system use (ASA, n.d.; EBME, n.d.).xxxiii xxxiv
Another underlying issue is material stability. Certain components are not made to resist repeated exposure to particular disinfectants and anesthetics. Surfaces may deteriorate, crack, or acquire rough textures with time, endangering the integrity of the system and posing new dangers like contamination or tiny pieces of material getting into the gas line (BeaconMedaes, 2024; CDC, 2007).xxxvxxxvi
Summary of Chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter highlights the essential role of anaesthetic gases in modern surgery, addresses occupational hazards and environmental concerns related to waste gases, and identifies the limitations of existing scavenging systems, setting the stage for the research aims and objectives.
CHAPTER 2: Literature Review: This section reviews the types and physicochemical properties of anaesthetic gases, outlines critical safety standards and regulations (NIOSH, ISO), discusses the materials commonly used in anaesthetic gas equipment, and proposes key recommendations for system improvements.
CHAPTER 3: Experimentation, Result & Discussion: This chapter details the methods for hydrothermal synthesis of the MnO2-TiO2 & Chitosan nanocomposite, presenting and analyzing experimental results obtained from X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis, and photocatalytic activity tests.
CHAPTER 4: Application: This chapter evaluates the biological activities of the synthesized nanoparticles, specifically assessing their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory (using the HRBC membrane stabilization method), and antioxidant (via the DPPH radical scavenging assay) potentials.
Conclusion: This study concludes that the TiO2-Chitosan nanocomposite exhibits superior antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties compared to MnO2 nanoparticles, making it a promising candidate for various biomedical and environmental applications, with recommendations for future in vivo validation and toxicity assessments.
Keywords
Anaesthetic gas safety, operating room, scavenging systems, nanocomposite, MnO2-TiO2-Chitosan, photocatalysis, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, material research, prototype assembly, occupational exposure, environmental impact, sustainable anesthesia.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is this work fundamentally about?
This work is fundamentally about improving the safety and efficiency of anaesthetic gas scavenging systems in hospital operating rooms through material research and prototype assembly, specifically focusing on developing novel nanocomposite materials with enhanced properties.
What are the central thematic fields?
The central thematic fields include anaesthetic gas safety, occupational health in hospitals, environmental impact of medical gases, material science and engineering of nanoparticles, and the biological applications (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant) of synthesized nanocomposites.
What is the primary goal or research question?
The primary goal is to create a technologically dependable and user-centered anaesthetic gas chamber system that overcomes existing limitations, ensures safety against occupational exposure, and features simple installation, thorough cleaning, and easy maintenance. The research implicitly asks how novel materials can contribute to these improvements.
Which scientific method is used?
The research employs a multi-step hydrothermal synthesis method for material creation, followed by extensive characterization using analytical techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Biological activities are assessed through in vitro assays like agar well diffusion, HRBC membrane stabilization, and DPPH radical scavenging.
What is covered in the main part?
The main part of the work covers the detailed experimental procedures for synthesizing MnO2-TiO2 & Chitosan nanocomposites, the characterization of their structural and optical properties, and a comprehensive evaluation of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, including a discussion of the results.
Which keywords characterize the work?
The work is characterized by keywords such as Anaesthetic gas safety, operating room, scavenging systems, nanocomposite, MnO2-TiO2-Chitosan, photocatalysis, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, material research, prototype assembly, occupational exposure, environmental impact, and sustainable anesthesia.
Why is the TiO2-Chitosan nanocomposite considered superior to MnO2 nanoparticles in biological activities?
The TiO2-Chitosan nanocomposite showed superior inhibition zones and lower MIC values in antimicrobial activity, higher membrane stabilization in anti-inflammatory assays, and significantly higher radical scavenging activity in antioxidant tests compared to MnO2. This enhanced efficacy is attributed to the synergistic effect of TiO2's photocatalytic properties and chitosan's bioactive nature and ability to disrupt microbial membranes.
What are the environmental concerns related to anaesthetic gases discussed in the paper?
The paper highlights that anaesthetic gases, particularly volatile agents like desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane, are chemically stable in the atmosphere and act as potent greenhouse gases. After passing through scavenging systems, they are often released into the environment, contributing to long-term climate change and air pollution.
What specific analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanocomposite materials?
The synthesized nanocomposite materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm successful synthesis and crystallite size, UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) to assess optical absorption properties and bandgap energy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (13C and 1H) to investigate the molecular structure and chemical stability of chitosan within the composite.
What are the proposed future applications for the developed nanoparticles?
The findings suggest that the TiO2-Chitosan nanoparticles have strong potential for various applications, including drug delivery systems, wound healing, water purification, and as antimicrobial coatings, due to their superior biological activities.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Neha Mishra (Autor:in), Mahesh Banappa (Autor:in), 2025, Material Research and Prototype Assembly for Anaesthetic Gas Chamber in OT of Hospitals, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1665887
