This study examines the influence of mobile banking adoption on the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Rwanda over the period 2019-2024. Mobile banking has expanded rapidly across Rwanda's banking sector, yet empirical evidence disaggregating its specific dimensions and linking them to bank-level profitability remains limited. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the Resource-Based View, Financial Intermediation Theory, and Transaction Cost Theory, the study adopts a descriptive and explanatory quantitative design using secondary panel data from the four banks listed on the Rwanda Stock Exchange: Bank of Kigali Plc, I&M Bank Rwanda Plc, Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, and KCB Bank Rwanda Plc.
Annual data for 2019-2024 (24 bank-year observations) were extracted from audited financial statements, annual reports, and National Bank of Rwanda publications. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS, with Stata 13 used for panel diagnostic tests (multicollinearity, unit-root, and normality). Financial performance was proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), with bank size and GDP growth rate entered as control variables. The regression model was statistically significant (F = 3.888, p = 0.014) and explained 51.9 percent of the variance in ROA (R-squared = 0.519). Mobile banking users had a positive and significant effect on ROA (beta = 1.549, p = 0.019), as did mobile banking transaction value (beta = 0.001, p = 0.028), while mobile banking commission fees exerted a significant negative effect (beta = -0.113, p = 0.020). Bank size and GDP growth were positive but statistically insignificant. The findings indicate that mobile banking adoption is a significant, but unevenly distributed, driver of profitability: customer uptake and transaction activity enhance performance, whereas aggressive fee structures may erode it. The study contributes disaggregated, bank-level evidence to a literature that has largely relied on aggregate digitalization indices, and offers guidance for balancing digital revenue generation with sustained customer usage in African banking markets.
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- Emmanuel BUNANI (Author), 2026, The Influence of Mobile Banking Adoption and the Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Rwanda (2019-2024), Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1749224
