A study of the extent and forms of school violence and delinquency: the dynamics of race, age, gender, social class, poverty and family.
Table of Contents
1. Agnew, Robert. “A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency”
2. Agnew, Robert. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency”
3. Bishop, Donna M, Donald Shoemaker “Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations of delinquent Behaviour”
4. Blue, John T. “The relationship of Juvenile Delinquency, Race and Economic Status”
5. Boehnke, Klaus, Dagmar Bergs- Winkles. “Juvenile Delinquency under Conditions of Rapid Social Change”
6. Brown, Stephen E, and Larry J. Siegel et al. “Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law”
7. Deoseran, Ramesh. “School Violence and Delinquency: The dynamics of race, gender, class, age and parenting in the Caribbean”
8. Deoseran, Ramesh, Derek Chadee. “Juvenile delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago: Challenges for Social Policy and Caribbean Criminology”
9. Fritz gale, Ilongo. “Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency”
10. Hirschi, Travis, “A control Theory of Delinquency”
11. Kvaraceus, William C. “Juvenile Delinquency and Social Class”
12. Marshall T.F and A Mason. “A Framework for the Analysis of Juvenile delinquency causation”
13. Mears, Daniel P, Samuel H. Field. “A Closer look at the Age, Peers and delinquency Relationship”
14. Merton, Robert. “Social Structure and Anomie”
15. Peterson, Betsy Ann Lambert. Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice and Legal Reform: A case for an evidence- based approach
16. Phillips, Daphne. “The Political Economy of School Violence in Trinidad: Towards a Caribbean Theory of Youth Crime”
17. Wax, Douglas E. “Social Class, Race and Juvenile Delinquency: A review of the literature”
Research Objectives and Themes
This annotative bibliography serves as a comprehensive literature review exploring the multifaceted causes of juvenile delinquency and school violence, with a specific focus on the dynamics of race, age, gender, social class, poverty, and family structure.
- Analysis of sociological theories including Strain Theory, Control Theory, and Anomie.
- Examination of the interrelationship between socioeconomic status and delinquent behavior.
- Evaluation of family structure and parenting styles as contributing factors to youth delinquency.
- Investigation of regional perspectives on youth crime, specifically within the Caribbean context.
- Critical review of juvenile justice systems and policy frameworks for reform.
Excerpt from the Book
A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency
Current Strain Theories argue that delinquency results from the blockage of goal seeking behaviour. The inability to achieve value goals results in the individual becoming frustrated and may turn to delinquency as a result. This paper also points to another source of frustration and delinquency- pain avoidance behaviour. The theory argued that adolescents are compelled to remain in certain environment, such as family and school. If these environments are painful there is little the adolescents can do to escape this situation. This can have a major impact on delinquency. The data was tested by a national sample of adolescent boys.
Critique of Strain theory includes the inability of adolescent to achieve certain goals. According to Cohen and Cloward (1964) the goal blockage is unlikely to lead to delinquency unless the adolescent form or join delinquent subcultures. Strain theory also believed that social classes cause delinquency but Braithwaite (1981) indicated that delinquency is quite common in the middle class and the relationship between class and delinquency is negligible. In conclusion the data have provided support for the idea that blockage of pain avoidance behaviour is a major source of delinquency. The revised Strain theory argues that a major negative effect/ relationship leads to delinquency, and frustration may lead to illegal escape attempts or anger based delinquency. Overall, this theory can influence my research because it explains delinquency among individuals overtime and between groups and the factors that condition the link between delinquencies.
Summary of Chapters
Agnew, Robert. “A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency”: This chapter explores how frustration arising from blocked goals and painful environments drives adolescent delinquent behavior.
Agnew, Robert. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency”: This section introduces a revised strain theory focusing on negative social relationships and the resulting negative affective states like anger.
Bishop, Donna M, Donald Shoemaker “Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations of delinquent Behaviour”: The authors provide a structured overview and critique of various criminological perspectives, including control and labeling theories.
Blue, John T. “The relationship of Juvenile Delinquency, Race and Economic Status”: This study investigates the correlation between economic status and race, arguing that economic factors are more closely linked to delinquency than race alone.
Boehnke, Klaus, Dagmar Bergs- Winkles. “Juvenile Delinquency under Conditions of Rapid Social Change”: The authors analyze how rapid societal shifts disrupt family stability and peer interactions, leading to increased delinquent behavior.
Brown, Stephen E, and Larry J. Siegel et al. “Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law”: This work integrates theoretical frameworks with the practical application of law and the functioning of juvenile justice systems.
Deoseran, Ramesh. “School Violence and Delinquency: The dynamics of race, gender, class, age and parenting in the Caribbean”: A study of secondary students in Trinidad and Tobago, highlighting the impact of parental structure and social demographics on violence.
Deoseran, Ramesh, Derek Chadee. “Juvenile delinquency in Trinidad and Tobago: Challenges for Social Policy and Caribbean Criminology”: This research examines the profile of youth in juvenile homes and the urgent need for rehabilitative social policies.
Fritz gale, Ilongo. “Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency”: An exploration of how poverty, overcrowding, and fragmented family structures contribute to the development of delinquent behavior in youth.
Hirschi, Travis, “A control Theory of Delinquency”: This chapter details how weak social bonds, including attachment, commitment, and belief, increase the likelihood of delinquent acts.
Kvaraceus, William C. “Juvenile Delinquency and Social Class”: The author analyzes the link between parents' occupations, social frustration, and the prevalence of delinquent aggression in lower classes.
Marshall T.F and A Mason. “A Framework for the Analysis of Juvenile delinquency causation”: A classification of population groups used to understand how social and economic disadvantages block legitimate success paths, fostering delinquency.
Mears, Daniel P, Samuel H. Field. “A Closer look at the Age, Peers and delinquency Relationship”: This paper investigates the interaction between age and peer association and how they differentially impact delinquent behavior.
Merton, Robert. “Social Structure and Anomie”: A classic analysis of how structural inequality and the pressure to achieve the "American Dream" lead to tension and deviant adaptation.
Peterson, Betsy Ann Lambert. Juvenile Delinquency, Juvenile Justice and Legal Reform: A case for an evidence- based approach: An overview of the juvenile justice framework in Trinidad and Tobago with a call for evidence-based policy reform.
Phillips, Daphne. “The Political Economy of School Violence in Trinidad: Towards a Caribbean Theory of Youth Crime”: This thesis examines the "poverty complex" and environmental stressors that drive youth engagement in violence.
Wax, Douglas E. “Social Class, Race and Juvenile Delinquency: A review of the literature”: A comprehensive review concluding that restoring family identity and supportive environments is crucial to addressing delinquency in urban ghettos.
Keywords
Juvenile Delinquency, School Violence, Strain Theory, Social Control, Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, Criminology, Trinidad and Tobago, Race, Poverty, Rehabilitation, Youth Policy, Anomie, Adolescent Behavior, Peer Association
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research compilation?
The work provides a comprehensive annotative bibliography of key criminological theories and empirical studies concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency, with a focus on social and structural factors.
Which theoretical frameworks are addressed in the text?
The text covers major theories including Strain Theory, Social Control Theory, Anomie, and various biosocial and psychological explanations for delinquent behavior.
What is the central research question guiding the included studies?
The studies primarily seek to identify how environmental, social, and economic factors—such as race, poverty, family structure, and class—interact to influence the development and maintenance of delinquent behavior in youth.
What scientific methods are utilized by the researchers cited?
The authors employ a variety of methods, including quantitative surveys, focus group discussions, longitudinal data analysis, and literature reviews to examine delinquency across different cultural and demographic contexts.
What topics are covered in the core section of the bibliography?
The core content addresses the impact of social class, the dynamics of race and age in offending, the role of parenting and family structure, and the critical evaluation of juvenile justice systems and policy.
Which keywords best describe the scope of this work?
Key terms include Juvenile Delinquency, Strain Theory, Socioeconomic Status, Family Structure, Caribbean Criminology, and Evidence-Based Policy.
How does the research specifically address the context of Trinidad and Tobago?
Several papers, such as those by Deoseran and Phillips, specifically examine the unique social, educational, and political conditions of Trinidad and Tobago to develop local theories of youth crime.
What is the significance of "strain" in the context of these studies?
Strain, particularly as articulated by Agnew and Merton, refers to the tension or frustration individuals experience when social goals (like success) are blocked by structural inequalities, forcing them toward deviant adaptations.
Why is family structure considered a critical variable in this research?
Researchers like Fritz gale and Boehnke argue that family fragmentation, poor parental supervision, and economic hardship create a domestic environment that lacks the necessary emotional and moral resources to prevent delinquency.
- Quote paper
- BSc, MSc Stacy Ramdhan (Author), 2010, A study of the extent and forms of school violence and delinquency: the dynamics of race, age, gender, social class, poverty and family, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/175790
