[...]
In my analysis I want to show that Hawthorne represents America and Europe as
opposites and turns them into opponents in the fight of America versus Europe. In the course
of this paper I would like to find out about the reasons for his contrary representations of the
two continents. Furthermore I want to uncover the purpose of Hawthorne’s different
representations.
The thesis, which I want to prove here, is that Hawthorne deals with the American
feeling of cultural inferiority towards Europe and its eventual overcoming by means of the
Myth of America. The characters in The Marble Faun are created according to the American
and European stereotypes, which the myth makes use of, and serve as means for expressing
the conflict. In this context, I want to show that The Marble Faun is a pro-America romance.
Pro-America because Hawthorne is conform to the Myth of America and praises innocence, a
virtue which America claims exclusively for itself. Based on the claim of innocence America
claims leadership, which is supported by Hawthorne.
First of all I will deal with the roots of the tensions between Europe and America and
the traditional stereotypical treatment of them. Then I will explain the Myth of America and
the reason for its invention.
After these two introductory parts I want to concern myself with the question of how
Hawthorne transferred the topic of America versus Europe into a story. Proceeding from the
assumption that the Myth of America served as a basis, I want to deal more closely with the
stereotypes and point out the parallels to the main characters. Coming from the stereotypes I
will take a closer look at the female figures, Miriam and Hilda. I will show that they represent
the stereotypical Europe and America most perfectly. The American character Hilda is for me
of great interest because she constitutes the moral center of the romance. Moreover
Hawthorne uses mostly her figure to carry out the pro-America tendencies of the book. By
looking at Hawthorne’s treatment of Hilda I will demonstrate the strong orientation at the
Myth of America and his praise of the American virtue.
In the last chapter I will come back to the American feelings of cultural inferiority
towards Europe. My intention is to show how Hawthorne deals with the problem and how he
uses the Myth of America to turn the American characters’ cultural inferiority into overall
superiority.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Europe - The American Problem in the 19th century
- The Myth of America
- Transferring the topic into a story
- The preface
- Using the stereotypes
- Who is Hilda?
- A characterization of Hilda
- Hilda as the moral center
- Hilda's crises
- From inferiority to superiority
- The changing description of Rome
- The Americans' development towards superiority
- And the winner is...
- Conclusion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper analyzes Hawthorne's novel "The Marble Faun" and focuses on the representations of Europe and America within the book. The author argues that Hawthorne portrays these continents as opposites and explores the reasons behind this contrast. The paper aims to uncover the purpose of these representations and demonstrate how Hawthorne uses the "Myth of America" to depict America's cultural inferiority towards Europe and its eventual overcoming.
- The contrast between Europe and America as depicted by Hawthorne
- The "Myth of America" and its role in shaping American identity
- The influence of stereotypes on character representations
- The role of innocence and guilt in the American and European cultures
- Hawthorne's pro-America stance and his praise of American virtues
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The introduction outlines the paper's objective and establishes the central thesis: that Hawthorne utilizes the "Myth of America" to address the American feeling of cultural inferiority towards Europe and its eventual overcoming. It also highlights the role of stereotypes in character development and the pro-American tendencies within the novel.
Chapter 2 delves into the historical context of America's relationship with Europe, highlighting the traditional stereotypes associated with both continents. The chapter explores America's dependence on Europe and the resulting feelings of inferiority among American artists. It also examines the American tourists' romanticized perception of Europe and the persistence of stereotypes even today.
Chapter 3 introduces the "Myth of America" as a mechanism for compensating for the perceived inferiority complex. The myth claims that America possesses innocence and freedom from guilt due to its lack of a dark past. The chapter explores the parallels between the myth and Puritan theology and argues that Europe is seen as guilty for having missed the first chance to become a land of Christian morality.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The main keywords of this paper are: American identity, European influence, "Myth of America," innocence, guilt, stereotypes, Hawthorne, "The Marble Faun," cultural inferiority, pro-America, representation, contrast, and opposition.
- Quote paper
- Tonia Fondermann (Author), 2003, New Meets Old: Hawthorne's Representation of America and Europe in The Marble Faun, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/17985
