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Korea’s Experiences in reforming the Financial Sector toward a Marked-Based System and Lessons for Vietnam

Title: Korea’s Experiences in reforming the Financial Sector toward a Marked-Based System and Lessons for Vietnam

Master's Thesis , 2007 , 91 Pages

Autor:in: Dang Thanh Ngo (Author)

Economics - Economic Cycle and Growth
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Basically, the Korea’s financial sector has gone through three development period under two different types of financial systems. During these three periods, in theory, two financial systems were applied into the Korea’s financial sector: the relationship-based (or state-led) system (from 1960s to late 1980s) and the market-based system (after late 1980s till now). But in fact, due to the differences in applying the market style into Korea, we can see in the second system’s time, there was obviously two periods, the period of ‘gradualism’ and the period of ‘Big Bang’ with the turning point is in 1997. Therefore, it is better to define the history of Korea’s financial development into three periods. The first period started from early 1960s (after the military coup which brought Park Chung Hee to the position of President) to the late 1980s, in which Korea’s economy was under the relationship-based system; the second period lasted from late 1980s to 1997 when the financial crisis occurred due to wrong policies under ‘gradualism’ and bad effects of the first period; and the last period started from 1997 up to now when Korea take ‘Big Bang’ approach to cure its illness after the failure in 1997.
Researching the evolution of Korea’s financial system during the three periods as a whole process is important to collect experiences for under-developing country such as Vietnam to improve its financial system. Even though the conditions of Vietnam and Korea are different, but still, the logic behind each policy that the Korean government used in the past will be a big help to Vietnam as well as finding out the reasons of the failures that Korea did not avoid.

Excerpt


Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I. KOREA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR BEFORE THE ‘TAKE-OFF’

I.1. Korea’s economy after the Korean War.

I.2. Financial sector and the need of government control

Chapter II. THE RELATIONSHIP-BASED SYSTEM (period 1960s-1980s)

II.1. The governmental control over banking sector and the export-led policy (1961-1971)

II.1.1. The nationalization of banking system

II.1.2. The allocation of capital supporting exports activities

II.2. Strengthening selective credit policy for the HCI drive (1972-1979)

II.3. The role of the state in reforming financial institutions

II.3.1. Establishing new banking institutions

II.3.2. Improving transparency and efficiency in the market

II.3.3. The capital market’s intervention

II.3.4. The effectiveness of the relationship-based government

Chapter III. THE REFORMING TOWARD A MARKET-BASED SYSTEM AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS 1997

III.1. The early market-based system before 1997

III.1.1. The paradigmatic shift from state-led developmentalism to liberal market economy in the period 1980s-1990s

III.1.2. The rise of chaebols over NBFIs and its negative consequences

III.2. The 1997 financial crisis

Chapter IV. THE NEW REFORM OF KOREA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR AFTER 1997 AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM

IV.1. The new reform of Korea’s market-based financial system after 1997

IV.1.1. Strategies and institutional framework of the new reform

IV.1.2. Progress and results of the new reform

IV.1.3. Impacts of the new reform and problems need to solve

IV.2. Lessons for Vietnam’s financial sector transitions

IV.2.1. The reform of Vietnam’s financial market since 1990s

IV.2.1. Vietnam’s financial market has the same problems as Korea’s

IV.2.2. Suggestion for the development of Vietnam’s financial sector

CONCLUSION

Zielsetzung & Themen

Die Arbeit analysiert die Evolution des koreanischen Finanzsektors von einem beziehungsbasierten System hin zu einem marktbasierten Modell, um daraus wertvolle Erfahrungen für Schwellenländer wie Vietnam abzuleiten. Dabei werden die Ursachen für den Erfolg des "koreanischen Wunders" sowie die Faktoren hinter der Finanzkrise von 1997 kritisch beleuchtet.

  • Historische Entwicklung des beziehungsbasierten Finanzsystems in Korea (1960er-1980er Jahre).
  • Übergang zum marktbasierten System und Analyse der Finanzkrise 1997.
  • Bewertung der Reformen nach 1997 und deren Auswirkungen.
  • Vergleich der koreanischen Erfahrungen mit dem vietnamesischen Finanzsektor.
  • Empfehlungen für eine schrittweise Reform ("Gradualismus") für Vietnam.

Auszug aus dem Buch

II.3.4. The effectiveness of the relationship-based government

Combine all the conditions of the Korea's economy in the period of 1960-1970, we can clearly say that this was an underdeveloped market: inexperience investors did not know where to invest, customers did not know how to maximize their utilities, producers could not answer the three 'Wh' questions for producing, etc. In other words, in this market, a transaction was hardly 'contractually allocated', or the function to allocating resources effectively of the market could not be done (low contractability). Thereby, the actions of the government in nationalize the banking system, promoting transparency, reforming financial institutions, etc. were needed and brought efficiency to the market. Along with that, the limit of funds as well as the inefficient of the price signal (due to the weak market) and the lack of opportunity for invest also made it difficult for individual investors to choose profitable investments. This fact brought Korea into the situation of low capital relative to opportunities. In this condition, the government interventions in choosing 'national industries' or allocating funds for exports and HCI firms were to bring effectiveness to the usage of limited capital. Therefore, under these condition, the relationship-based system was successful in bring efficiency into the Korea's financial market and it explains why this market could grow in the 1960-1970 period to make such a 'Korean miracle' (Rajan & Zingales, 1999).

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel

INTRODUCTION: Einführung in die Thematik der koreanischen Finanzmarktentwicklung und deren Relevanz für Vietnam.

Chapter I. KOREA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR BEFORE THE ‘TAKE-OFF’: Darstellung des wirtschaftlichen Ausgangszustands Koreas nach dem Koreakrieg.

Chapter II. THE RELATIONSHIP-BASED SYSTEM (period 1960s-1980s): Analyse der staatlich gelenkten Finanzpolitik und deren Rolle bei der Förderung von Exporten und Schwerindustrie.

Chapter III. THE REFORMING TOWARD A MARKET-BASED SYSTEM AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS 1997: Untersuchung der Liberalisierungsbemühungen, der Rolle der Chaebols und der Ursachen der Finanzkrise.

Chapter IV. THE NEW REFORM OF KOREA’S FINANCIAL SECTOR AFTER 1997 AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM: Bewertung der "Big Bang"-Reformen in Korea und konkrete Lehren für den vietnamesischen Transitionsansatz.

CONCLUSION: Abschließende Einschätzung zur Übertragbarkeit der koreanischen Erfahrungen auf Vietnam unter Berücksichtigung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen.

Schlüsselwörter

Finanzsystem, Korea, Vietnam, beziehungsbasiertes System, marktbasiertes System, Finanzkrise 1997, Liberalisierung, Chaebols, Gradualismus, Big Bang, Exportförderung, Industriepolitik, Bankenreform, Wirtschaftswachstum, NPLs.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit grundsätzlich?

Die Arbeit untersucht die historische Transformation des koreanischen Finanzsektors, um auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse Strategien für die Entwicklung des vietnamesischen Finanzmarktes abzuleiten.

Was sind die zentralen Themenfelder?

Zentrale Themen sind das beziehungsbasierte Finanzmodell, die Rolle der Regierung bei der Kapitalallokation, der Wandel zu einem marktgesteuerten System, die Ursachen der Finanzkrise 1997 und die Notwendigkeit institutioneller Anpassungen in Schwellenländern.

Was ist das primäre Ziel der Forschungsarbeit?

Das Ziel ist es, die Erfolgskriterien und Fehler der koreanischen Finanzreformen zu identifizieren, um zu beurteilen, inwieweit Vietnam diese Erfahrungen für seine eigene ökonomische Transformation nutzen kann.

Welche wissenschaftliche Methode verwendet die Arbeit?

Die Autorin nutzt einen methodischen Mix aus deskriptiver Analyse, Zeitreihenbetrachtungen, logischer Argumentation und komparativen Studien zwischen Korea und Vietnam.

Was wird im Hauptteil der Arbeit behandelt?

Der Hauptteil gliedert sich in die beziehungsbasierte Phase Koreas, den Übergang zum marktbasierten System inklusive der Finanzkrise 1997 sowie die Reformen nach der Krise und deren Implikationen für den vietnamesischen Kontext.

Welche Schlüsselwörter charakterisieren die Arbeit?

Die Arbeit wird maßgeblich durch Begriffe wie "Beziehungsbasiertes System", "Big Bang", "Gradualismus", "Finanzliberalisierung" und "Institutionelle Interdependenz" geprägt.

Warum empfiehlt die Autorin für Vietnam den "Gradualismus" und nicht den "Big Bang"?

Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen ökonomischen und politischen Bedingungen in Vietnam könnte ein plötzlicher, radikaler Reformschritt (Big Bang) zu instabilen sozialen und ökonomischen Zuständen führen, weshalb eine schrittweise Anpassung sicherer ist.

Was ist die zentrale Schlussfolgerung in Bezug auf die Chaebols?

Die Autorin stellt fest, dass die Macht der Chaebols und ihre privilegierte Verbindung zum Finanzsektor einer der Hauptgründe für die Verzerrungen und die darauffolgende Finanzkrise in Korea waren.

Wie bewertet die Arbeit die Rolle von NPLs (Non-Performing Loans)?

NPLs werden als kritischer Indikator für systemische Instabilität gesehen; die Arbeit betont, dass nicht nur die Kreditausfälle selbst, sondern auch die zugrunde liegenden Zinsdeckungsquoten (IPCR) zur Vermeidung künftiger Risiken genau überwacht werden müssen.

Welche Rolle spielt die institutionelle Interdependenz?

Die Autorin betont, dass Finanzreformen nicht isoliert betrachtet werden dürfen, da Institutionen voneinander abhängen; eine Reform kann nur dann erfolgreich sein, wenn komplementäre Institutionen ebenfalls angepasst werden.

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Details

Title
Korea’s Experiences in reforming the Financial Sector toward a Marked-Based System and Lessons for Vietnam
Author
Dang Thanh Ngo (Author)
Publication Year
2007
Pages
91
Catalog Number
V187829
ISBN (eBook)
9783656114604
ISBN (Book)
9783656114345
Language
German
Tags
korea’s experiences financial sector marked-based system lessons vietam
Product Safety
GRIN Publishing GmbH
Quote paper
Dang Thanh Ngo (Author), 2007, Korea’s Experiences in reforming the Financial Sector toward a Marked-Based System and Lessons for Vietnam, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/187829
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