The paper deals with the linguistic phenomenons of scripts and frames and their influnece on our daily life. The focus lies with the well known Restaurant Script and the Travel Frame.
Intr.
In the early 70s the US linguist Charles J. Fillmore introduced the notion of frame. The aim was “to widen the scope of lexical and grammatical analysis” (Ungerer & Schmid 2006:207) The initial interpretation of the term, however soon change into a cognitive way. In 1992 Fillmore talks about frames as “cognitive structure [...] knowledge of which is presupposed for the concepts encoded by words.” (Ungerer & Schmid 2006:210) We can state that the notion of frames shifted from being a linguistic construct towards a cognitive one. But not only in linguistics has the frame notion been used, but also in terms of artificial intelligence, namely computer, which have become part of our daily lives and irreplaceable just as language itself.
Concl.
In total we can say that the notion of frame laid the foundation for scripts and event-frames. Both contributed to improve the understanding of the way people hear, speak and think. Scripts were developed or introduced to “account for knowledge structures that represent larger sequences of events by casual chains.” (Ungerer & Schmid 2006: 217) Furthermore are script a necessity for computer scientists to feed computers with information in order to create a kind of artificial intelligence. Without these structures and information of standard situations and the behavior concerning it, computers would not be able to process the information given which could be seen on the example of the definite article in the first little story about football. Especially examples like the Restaurant Script can be used to explain the properties of scripts in general. Event-frames were designed to widen the scope of the linguistic analysis. This means in particular taking into account parts of sentences which before had not been examined like adverbials or even expressions that are not contained in the written form. Furthermore are event-frames interesting in terms of language acquisition and use in different languages, which could be seen with the story “Frog, where are you?” Here it becomes clear that satellite-framed languages like English seem to be more feasible when it comes to describing motion as the MANNER is incorporated in the PATH. In the end scripts and event-frames can be labeled as important scientific aspects of cognitive linguistics.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Scripts
- The Restaurant Script
- Script Deviations
- Script Interactions
- Types of Scripts
- The Travel Script
- Event Frames
- Windowing of Attention
- PATH and MANNER in Verb-Framed vs. Satellite-Framed Languages
- Translation of MANNER in Motion Events
- Frog, Where are You?
- The Travel Event-Frame
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper aims to explore the cognitive processes involved in understanding and describing travel events. It does so by examining the concepts of scripts and event-frames within the framework of cognitive linguistics.
- The role of scripts in understanding and interpreting everyday events.
- The application of scripts to the analysis of travel scenarios.
- The concept of event-frames as cognitive structures for understanding motion events.
- The windowing of attention in motion events and its relationship to language structure.
- Cross-linguistic differences in the expression of PATH and MANNER.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Introduction: This chapter introduces the concepts of frames and scripts, highlighting their importance in cognitive linguistics and artificial intelligence.
- Scripts: This chapter delves into the concept of scripts, which are structures that represent knowledge about stereotypical sequences of events in specific contexts. It analyzes the Restaurant Script as a prominent example, illustrating its structure, components, and deviations.
- The Travel Script: This chapter focuses on the Travel Script, examining its structure, scenes, and preconditions. It uses the primitive ACTs to illustrate the events within the script.
- Event Frames: This chapter introduces the notion of event-frames, which are cognitive structures that encapsulate the conceptual components of events. It explores the concept of windowing of attention, highlighting the different types of paths and how they are expressed linguistically.
- The Travel Event-Frame: This chapter applies the concept of event-frames to a specific travel scenario, analyzing the different components of the event-frame and their relationship to language structure.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
This paper explores the use of scripts and event-frames in cognitive linguistics, focusing on the analysis of travel events. Key concepts include scripts, event-frames, windowing of attention, PATH, MANNER, and cross-linguistic differences in motion event expression.
- Quote paper
- Martin Steger (Author), 2010, Describing Travel in Terms of Scripts and Event-Frames, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/201099
