A total of 160 blood samples were collected into EDTA tubes between 1- January to 31-march 2011, at the Antenatal Clinic of Hospital of Porto Novo during the first visit of the pregnant women to the reproductive section and Using Sysmex KX-21-N by Sysmex corporation, Japan. The haematological parameters of Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (HCT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV) and Red Cell Distribution Width in coefficient variation (RDW-CV) were determined in all the samples; the trimester stages of each pregnancy were noted. Out of the 160 pregnant women blood samples analyzed, 62(38.8%) were anaemic, and the majority 71% were mildly anaemic cases, whereas 29% were moderately anaemic and no severe anaemic cases were recorded. Iron deficiency anaemia was 8.1% whereas 91.9% showed mixed anaemia indicating Normocytic- Normochromic. Anaemia was higher (53.2%) in pregnant women in the second trimester. CONCLUSION: The administration of iron with folic acid (folicferro), vitaminB12 and food aid program should be re-inforced for all pregnant women.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSION
6. APPENDICES
6.1 PROPHYLAXIS
6.2 IRON RICH FOODS
6.3 ORAL IRON THERAPY
6.4 IRON SALT SELECTION
6.5 TIMING OF ORAL IRON INTAKE IN RELATION TO FOOD
6.6 PARENTERAL IRON
6.7 TDI REACTION
6.8 CALCULATING TDI
6.9 CONTRAINDICATION OF PARENTERAL IRON THERAPY
6.10 SEVERE ANAEMIA IN LATE PREGNANCY (After 32 weeks)
Research Objectives & Scope
This study aims to determine the prevalence, types, and primary causes of anaemia among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at the Hospital of Porto Novo, Cape Verde, to facilitate early detection and effective management strategies.
- Analysis of haematological parameters (Hb, HCT, MCV, RDW-CV) in 160 pregnant subjects.
- Evaluation of anaemia prevalence across different trimesters of pregnancy.
- Correlation between maternal age and the severity of anaemic conditions.
- Assessment of current iron supplementation and public health interventions in the region.
Excerpt from the Book
INTRODUCTION
Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children. It occurs when the concentration of haemoglobin falls below what is normal for a person´s age, gender and environment, resulting in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood being reduced.
Anaemia is often classified as mild degree (Hb 9.0 – 11.0g/dl), moderate (Hb 7.0 – 9.0g/dl), severe (Hb 4.0 – 7.0 g/dl), and very severe Hb less than 4.0 g/dl. It can also be classified based on the Haematocrit (PCV) %. A common etiological classification of anaemia identifies 3 major causative groups of anaemia; Nutritional, marrow disease and haemolytic disease. Nutritional anaemias are by far the most common type of anaemia worldwide and mainly include iron, folate and vitaminB12 deficiencies.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in developing countries, prevalence rates in pregnant women are commonly in the range of 40 to 60 percent. Around half of those with anemia, are suffering from iron deficiency anaemia, that is having deficient body iron stores but without frank anaemia; the latter are therefore considered to be at risk of iron deficiency anaemia. Folate deficiencies and other causes account for the major proportion of the remaining anaemia.
Summary of Chapters
INTRODUCTION: Provides a global overview of anaemia as a public health issue and details the specific physiological requirements of pregnant women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describes the clinical procedures, instrumentation (Sysmex KX-21-N), and data collection methods used to analyze blood samples from 160 pregnant women.
RESULTS: Presents tabulated data regarding anaemia prevalence, categorized by maternal age and pregnancy trimester.
DISCUSSION: Interprets the study findings in the context of Porto Novo and compares these results with global trends and existing literature from other countries.
CONCLUSION: Offers recommendations, including the reinforcement of iron and folic acid supplementation and the integration of professional nutritionists in antenatal care.
APPENDICES: Details management protocols for anaemia, including iron-rich dietary guidance, oral and parenteral therapy indications, and managing specific conditions like megaloblastic anaemia.
Keywords
Anaemia, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Public Health, Porto Novo, Cape Verde, Iron Deficiency, Nutritional Anaemia, Haemoglobin, Maternal Health, Micronutrient Deficiency, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Antenatal Care, Haematology.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on investigating the prevalence, types, and underlying causes of anaemia among pregnant women at the Hospital of Porto Novo to improve prenatal health outcomes.
What are the central topics addressed in the study?
The study addresses maternal nutritional status, the classification of anaemia (mild, moderate, severe), and the correlation between demographic factors like age and gestational stage with anaemic status.
What is the primary objective of this work?
The primary objective is to highlight the local situation in Porto Novo to assist antenatal healthcare providers in the early detection and prompt management of anaemia in pregnancy.
Which scientific methods were employed?
The methodology involved collecting 160 blood samples into EDTA tubes and analyzing them using the Sysmex KX-21-N automated haematology analyzer to measure key parameters like Haemoglobin and Haematocrit.
What does the main body of the text cover?
The main body covers the introduction to the problem, the specific clinical methodology, the statistical results, a comparative discussion with international studies, and practical clinical management guidelines in the appendices.
Which keywords best characterize the study?
The study is best characterized by terms such as Anaemia, Pregnancy, Public Health, Prevalence, and Micronutrient Deficiency.
What was the observed prevalence of anaemia in the study population?
The study found a prevalence rate of 38.8% among the 160 pregnant women tested in Porto Novo.
What does the author recommend for unemployed domestic pregnant women?
The author advocates for the implementation of food aid programs and improved access to iron-rich foods, as iron supplementation alone may suffer from poor patient compliance or side effects.
How is the total dose of iron infusion (TDI) calculated?
The total dose is calculated using the formula: (15 - patient's Hb in g/dl) x body weight in kg x 3 = total dose in mg.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Dr. Peter Ubah Okeke (Autor:in), 2012, Anaemia in pregnancy, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/202272
