Team work is the essence for the success of any venture. A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary to treat and prevent dental problems in a patient. Orthodontics and periodontics are interrelated in a variety of ways. Orthodontic treatment is based on the principle that if prolonged pressure is applied to a tooth, tooth movement will occur as the bone around the tooth remodels. Bone is selectively removed in same areas and added in others. In essence, the tooth moves through the bone carrying its attachment apparatus with it, as the socket of the tooth migrates. Since the bony response is mediated by the periodontal ligament, tooth movement is primarily a periodontal ligament phenomenon.
Orthodontic tooth movement, which is the basis of the orthodontic treatment, is possible because of the inherent nature of the periodontium. Many advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in the process of tooth movement. However, there are many pathologic conditions affecting the periodontium which may affect these mechanisms of tooth movement and alter the end result of the orthodontic treatment. Similarly awareness of the pathologic changes or other undesirable changes which can occur in the periodontium as a result of ideal or less than ideal orthodontic procedures would help in better treatment procedure and management of the patients. Altered tooth position may affect periodontal health. Placement of orthodontic appliances causes microbiological changes as well as changes in the periodontium. With the success, in the recent decades of the fixed multi banded appliance, orthodontic treatment in adults has continuously grown in the United States and Europe. It is in connection with adult orthodontics that periodontal factors are becoming more important to the orthodontist.
Orthodontics in the adult patient, specially the periodontally compromised patient requires adequate periodontal considerations to maintain the periodontium in a healthy condition during and after treatment. Minor periodontal surgery may be required to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. In addition, since periodontal diseases can secondarily cause malocclusion, very often orthodontic treatment would be an essential adjunct if the periodontal therapy is to succeed.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- INTRODUCTION
- THE BIOLOGIC BASIS OF ORTHODONTIC THERAPY
- Periodontal and bone response to normal function
- Periodontal ligament and bone response to sustained orthodontic force
- Biologic control of tooth movement
- Biologic electricity
- Pressure tension theory
- Effect of force magnitude
- Physiologic response to sustained pressure against a tooth
- GINGIVAL RESPONSE TO ORTHODONTIC FORCE
- Effect of force
- Clinical observations
- Histologic findings
- Ultrastructural analysis
- Molecular analysis
- Changes in the phenotype of gingival fibroblast and tooth relapse
- Effect on root structure
- Effect of force
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALTERED TOOTH POSITION AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND DISEASE
- EFFECT OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ON THE HEIGHT OF ALVEOLAR BONE
- ORTHODONTICS AND PERIODONTAL PROPHYLAXIS
- PERIODONTAL ASPECTS OFADULT ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
- Minimal periodontal involvement
- Moderate periodontal involvement
- Severe periodontal involvement
- Types of orthodontic appliances
- Tissue response to certain types of tooth movement
- INTERRELATIONSHIP OF ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT WITH PERIODONTAL HEALTH
- Loss Of Periodontal Attachment And Bone Relative To Orthodontic Therapy
- Gingival recession relative to orthodontic therapy
- Interdental recession
- Gingival hyperplasia relative to orthodontic therapy
- Mucogingival considerations
- ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AS A PART OF PERIODONTAL THERAPY
- PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN AN ORTHODONTIC PAIENT
- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This book explores the multifaceted relationship between orthodontics and periodontics. The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these two disciplines interact, influencing both the success of orthodontic treatment and the maintenance of periodontal health.
- The biologic basis of orthodontic therapy, including the response of the periodontal ligament and bone to orthodontic forces.
- The gingival response to orthodontic force, covering both clinical and histological observations, as well as ultrastructural and molecular analyses.
- The relationship between altered tooth position and periodontal health and disease, examining the impact of malocclusion on periodontal stability.
- The effects of orthodontic treatment on the height of alveolar bone, discussing how tooth movement can influence bone levels and contours.
- Periodontal considerations in adult orthodontic treatment, outlining the importance of periodontal health in older patients and the management of patients with varying levels of periodontal involvement.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The introduction lays the foundation for the book, emphasizing the interconnected nature of orthodontics and periodontics and the significance of understanding their interplay for successful treatment outcomes. It highlights the crucial role of the periodontal ligament in tooth movement, as well as the potential impact of periodontal conditions on orthodontic treatment.
The chapter "The Biologic Basis of Orthodontic Therapy" delves into the mechanisms underlying tooth movement, discussing the structure and function of the periodontal ligament, the response of bone to normal function, and the complex biological control mechanisms governing tooth movement. It further explores the effects of force magnitude on the periodontal ligament and the associated bone remodeling processes.
The chapter "Gingival Response to Orthodontic Force" investigates the impact of orthodontic forces on the gingiva, examining clinical observations, histological findings, ultrastructural analysis, and molecular studies. It sheds light on the changes in gingival fibroblasts and their potential role in tooth relapse, and analyzes the effect of orthodontic forces on root structure.
The chapter "Relationship Between Altered Tooth Position and Periodontal Health and Disease" examines the association between malocclusion and periodontal health. It discusses the influence of crowded teeth on oral hygiene, the potential for malposed teeth to be more susceptible to periodontal disease, and the role of trauma from occlusion in periodontal breakdown. The chapter also explores the conflicting findings of studies investigating the correlation between malocclusion and periodontal disease.
The chapter "Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Height of Alveolar Bone" examines the potential for orthodontic treatment to influence bone levels and contours in periodontally involved cases. It discusses the impact of extrusive and intrusive forces on bone height, explores the various ways in which osseous topography can be altered through orthodontic treatment, and presents clinical cases illustrating the use of orthodontic techniques to improve osseous defects.
The chapter "Orthodontics and Periodontal Prophylaxis" emphasizes the importance of achieving optimal periodontal health before initiating orthodontic treatment. It discusses the need for plaque control and the reduction of inflammation, highlights the potential for orthodontic appliances to exacerbate periodontal problems, and outlines the importance of post-treatment occlusal adjustment.
The chapter "Periodontal Aspects of Adult Orthodontic Treatment" highlights the increasing importance of periodontal considerations in older patients, particularly those with pre-existing periodontal problems. It outlines the treatment approach for patients with minimal, moderate, and severe periodontal involvement, discusses the selection of appropriate orthodontic appliances, and emphasizes the need for vigilant plaque control throughout the treatment process.
The chapter "Interrelationship of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Periodontal Health" delves into the effects of orthodontic tooth movement on periodontal attachment, bone levels, and gingival recession. It examines the influence of periodontal disease on the outcome of orthodontic treatment, the potential for tooth movement to exacerbate existing periodontal problems, and the need for preventive measures to minimize the risk of gingival recession.
The chapter "Orthodontic Treatment as a Part of Periodontal Therapy" discusses the rationale for using orthodontic treatment as a part of periodontal therapy, exploring its benefits for reducing plaque retention, improving gingival and osseous form, facilitating prosthetic replacements, and enhancing aesthetics. It also outlines the indications and contraindications for orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease.
The chapter "Periodontal Considerations in an Orthodontic Patient" explores the potential impact of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health, discussing the transient nature of gingival changes caused by appliances and the importance of maintaining excellent oral hygiene. It further examines the use of orthodontic techniques, such as forced eruption and intrusion, for the management of periodontal defects.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The key terms and concepts explored in this book include: orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal ligament, bone remodeling, gingival response, malocclusion, periodontal health and disease, alveolar bone height, periodontal prophylaxis, adult orthodontics, periodontal involvement, attachment loss, gingival recession, interdental recession, gingival hyperplasia, mucogingival considerations, guided tissue regeneration, occlusal adjustment, and relapse.
- Quote paper
- vinita boloor (Author), 2004, Orthodontic-periodontic Interrelationship, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/215839
