To investigate the spectrum of organisms causing neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan and to assess their sensitivity to various groups of drugs.
Methods: Blood taken from newborn babies admitted to the special care baby unit at the Khyber Teaching Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was cultured. The data obtained from October 1997 to December 2000 were analysed and the results tabulated.
Results: A total of 1598 blood cultures were taken; 1003 were positive (positivity rate 62.8%).Escherichia coli was the most common organism found (36.6%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%), Pseudomonas (22.4%), Klebsiella (7.6%), and Proteus (3.8%). No group B streptococcus was grown. Listeria monocytogenes was found in one cerebrospinal fluid culture. E coli and Pseudomonas showed a high degree of resistance to commonly used antibiotics (ampicillin, augmentin, and gentamicin), a moderate degree of resistance to cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftzidime, and ceftrioxone), and low resistance to drugs not used for newborn babies (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxabid). S aureus showed a low resistance to all three groups of antibiotics.
Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of neonatal admission, morbidity, and mortality in developing countries. Gram negative organisms are the major cause of neonatal sepsis in Peshawar. Such organisms have developed multidrug resistance, and management of patients infected with them is becoming a problem in developing countries.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
Research Objective and Themes
This study aims to investigate the spectrum of organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis at the Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, and to evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity patterns to better inform clinical management in a developing country context.
- Prevalence of specific bacterial pathogens in neonatal blood cultures.
- Assessment of multidrug resistance patterns in gram-negative organisms.
- Comparison of local epidemiological findings with regional and global data.
- Impact of antibiotic usage policies and healthcare practices on sepsis treatment.
Excerpt from the Publication
Introduction
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common reasons for admission to neonatal units in developing countries. It is also a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. The spectrum of organisms that cause neonatal sepsis changes over time and varies from region to region. It can even vary from hospital to hospital in the same city. This is due to the changing pattern of antibiotic use and changes in lifestyle. Gram negative organisms were the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in Europe and America in the 1960s. It changed to group B streptococcus during the 1970s and coagulase negative Staphylococcus during the late 1980s and 1990s. In most of the developing countries, Gram negative organisms remain the major cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly early onset neonatal sepsis. These organisms have developed increasing multidrug resistance over the last two decades, due to the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antibiotics, over the counter sale of antibiotics, lack of legislation to control their use, poor sanitation, and ineffective infection control in the maternity services. The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant neonatal sepsis in developing countries is a new potential threat to the survival of newborn babies, who are often already in a poor condition.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides the clinical context of neonatal sepsis and discusses the global shift in causative organisms and the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in developing nations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describes the prospective study design at the Khyber Teaching Hospital, detailing the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the laboratory techniques used for bacterial culture and sensitivity testing.
RESULTS: Presents the statistical findings of the blood cultures, highlighting the prevalence of organisms like E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and details their sensitivity to various antibiotic classes.
DISCUSSION: Compares the study's findings with international research and analyzes the systemic causes of multidrug resistance, emphasizing the urgent need for better antibiotic stewardship.
Keywords
Neonatal sepsis, antimicrobial resistance, blood culture, Pakistan, Peshawar, gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, multidrug resistance, newborn babies, antibiotic sensitivity, infection control, pediatric care, public health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research?
The research focuses on identifying the bacterial spectrum causing neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan, and assessing how these organisms respond to different antibiotics.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The paper covers neonatal health, antibiotic resistance patterns, clinical diagnostic methods, and the impact of socio-economic factors on infection control in hospitals.
What is the primary objective or research question?
The primary objective is to investigate which specific organisms cause neonatal sepsis at the Khyber Teaching Hospital and to determine their sensitivity profile to common drugs.
Which scientific methodology was utilized?
The study employed a prospective methodology involving blood culture analysis and standard disc diffusion techniques to measure antibiotic sensitivity over a three-year period.
What topics are discussed in the main body of the work?
The main body examines laboratory data, compares local findings with other studies from developing and developed nations, and discusses the implications of rising multidrug resistance.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Key terms include neonatal sepsis, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic sensitivity, gram-negative organisms, and public health in developing countries.
Why is Group B streptococcus notably absent in the results?
The study found no cases of Group B streptococcus, which aligns with several other regional studies from Pakistan and Ethiopia, contrasting with findings in Western countries.
What specific recommendation does the author make regarding antibiotic policy?
The author advocates for routine bacterial surveillance and the establishment of evidence-based local policies on antibiotic use to combat the rising tide of multidrug resistance.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Islam Ud Din Khan (Autor:in), 2013, Antimicrobial resistance of organisms causing neonatal sepsis, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/266185
