Increasing applications of MW radiation has led to concerns globally due to the suspected bio effects associated with its exposure. Effect of MW, thermal and/or athermal, is inconclusive, complex, and controversial in literature. Thermal effect causes thermogenic effect while athermal effects are other than heat and such effects reported as somatic effect and/or genetic effect.
This study basically deals with the athermal effects and is aimed at investigating the hypothesis that the exposure of microbial cells to MW (low power) may cause athermal effect, which affect on growth of microbes, enzyme activity, and production of exopolysaccharides. Furthermore, we have also checked the effect of different intracellular enzymes on MW treated bacteria. Our study also gives information that MW athermal effects causes changes at genetic level and can be passed on to next generation.
There are numerous and increasing applications of MW energy and technology in the industries, in homes, in medical, research institutions etc., and there is greater awareness and concern of the public over the suspected potential health hazards associated with such exposures [ICNIRP Guidelines, 1998]. There is therefore, a need for deeper understanding of the bio-effects of exposure to this radiation. Due to the ease of handing them in laboratory, microorganisms can be conveniently used to study the effect of MW on living systems. Besides, employing mutagenic frequencies of MW radiation for microbial strain improvement can be of considerable industrial significance.
Objectives:
1. To investigate the effect of low power MW on,
a. Growth
b. Extracellular enzyme (amylase and pectinase) activity in Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans and Pectobacterium carotovora.
c. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) in S. mutans and Xanthomonas campestris.
2. To study the effect of low power MW on,
a. Growth
b. Protein synthesis
c. Intracellular enzyme (Glucose-6-phosphatase and β- galactosidase) activity
3. To investigate mutagenic effect of MW on EPS production in X. campestris.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Prologue
- Preamble
- The Importance of the Study
- Statement of the Problem
- Rationale of the Research Work
- Objectives
- Literature Review
- Interactions of Microwave with Biological Materials
- Athermal (Non-thermal) Mechanisms of Interaction
- Thermal versus athermal effects
- Factors affecting Microwave effects
- Biological effects of Microwave radiation
- Microwave mutagenesis
- Effect of Microwave on higher organisms
- Microwave and cellphones
- Effect of Microwave on growth and enzyme activity
- Amylase
- Pectinase
- B-galactosidase
- Glucose-6-phosphatase
- Xanthan gum
- Effect of low power microwave on growth, enzyme activity (amylase and pectinase) and EPS production on different bacteria
- Materials and Methods
- Culture maintenance
- Culture activation
- Inoculum preparation
- Microwave oven and its maintenance
- Microwave treatment to inoculums
- Growth measurement
- Amylase estimation
- Pectinase estimation
- EPS quantification
- Statistical Analysis
- Results and Discussion
- Effect of low power microwave on growth, intra- and extracellular protein and intracellular enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and ẞ-galactosidase)
- Materials and Methods
- Test organisms
- Experimental outline
- Estimation of intra- and extracellular protein content
- Estimation of G6P
- Estimation of ẞ-galactosidase
- Results and discussion
- To investigate mutagenic effect of MW on exopolysaccharide production in X. campestris
- Materials and Methods
- Test organisms
- Microwave treatment to inoculums
- Experimental outline
- Results and discussion
- Epilogue
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This research investigates the impact of sublethal microwave radiation on bacterial growth, enzyme activity, and exopolysaccharide production. The study aims to understand the mechanisms of microwave interaction with biological materials, differentiate between thermal and athermal effects, and explore the potential mutagenic effects of microwaves.- The influence of sublethal microwave radiation on bacterial growth.
- The effects of microwave radiation on bacterial enzyme activity (amylase, pectinase, B-galactosidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase).
- The role of microwave radiation in exopolysaccharide production.
- The distinction between thermal and athermal effects of microwave radiation on bacterial processes.
- The potential mutagenic effects of microwave radiation on bacterial exopolysaccharide production.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
The initial chapters provide a comprehensive background on the interaction of microwaves with biological materials. This includes a discussion on thermal and athermal effects, factors influencing microwave effects, and the known biological effects of microwave radiation, including mutagenesis and its impact on various organisms. The following chapters focus on the experimental methodology and results of the study. These chapters delve into the effects of low-power microwaves on bacterial growth, enzyme activity, and exopolysaccharide production in various bacterial species. The research examines specific enzymes like amylase, pectinase, B-galactosidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, exploring their response to microwave exposure. The study also explores the mutagenic potential of microwave radiation on exopolysaccharide production in *X. campestris*.Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The research focuses on the impact of sublethal microwave radiation on bacterial growth, enzyme activity, and exopolysaccharide production. Key areas of investigation include thermal and athermal effects of microwaves, microwave mutagenesis, and the study of enzymes like amylase, pectinase, B-galactosidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and their production in various bacterial species, including *X. campestris*, are also central to the research.- Quote paper
- Assistant Professor Vijay Kothari (Author), Toshi Mishra (Author), Preemada Kushwah (Author), 2013, Biological effects of radiofrequency, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/269552
