RADAR is an object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaves which bounce off any object in their path. Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. This project aims at making a RADAR that is efficient, cheaper and reflects all the possible techniques that a radar consists of.
At a glance
- Builds an Arduino-compatible board and boot-loads an ATmega328
- Mounts an ultrasonic sensor on a servo motor for obstacle detection
- Uses Processing software to display obstacle distance and angle
- 16 sources in the bibliography
- 18 figures
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
A. “The Idea”
III. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
A. Arduino UNO R3 or Above
B. ATmega328P
C. Crystal Oscillator
D. Servo Motor
E. Voltage Regulator
F. Ultrasonic Sensor
IV. USING ARDUINO SOFTWARE
V. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
A. Making On Arduino Board/ Boot-loading ATmega328P
B. Connecting Servo Motor
C. Connecting Ultrasonic Sensor
VI. USING PROCESSING SOFTWARE
VII. PROBLEMS FACED
A. Making Own Arduino Board
B. Communicating with Arduino through PC
VIII. APPLICATIONS
A. Air Force
B. Naval Applications
C. Applications in Army
IX. A FINAL LOOK
X. CONCLUSION
Objectives and Topics
This project aims to develop an affordable Arduino-based obstacle-detection system. It considers how an ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor and computer software can be combined to detect obstacles and display their distance and angle.
- Arduino-compatible hardware and the ATmega328P
- Ultrasonic sensing and servo-motor control
- Board construction and component connections
- Arduino programming and Processing visualization
- Hardware communication challenges
- Automotive and military applications
Excerpt from the Book
F. Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive, but more generally called transducers) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.
This technology can be used for measuring wind speed and direction (anemometer), tank or channel level, and speed through air or water. For measuring speed or direction a device uses multiple detectors and calculates the speed from the relative distances to particulates in the air or water.
To measure tank or channel level, the sensor measures the distance to the surface of the fluid. Further applications include: humidifiers, sonar, medical ultra sonography, burglar alarms and non-destructive testing.
Systems typically use a transducer which generates sound waves in the ultrasonic range, above 18,000 hertz, by turning electrical energy into sound, then upon receiving the echo turn the sound waves into electrical energy which can be measured and displayed.
Chapter Summaries
I. INTRODUCTION: Introduces radar, its history and its uses in surveillance, navigation and other fields.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY: Describes the project idea in relation to automotive safety and self-parking systems.
III. COMPONENTS REQUIRED: Explains the Arduino board, microcontroller, oscillator, servo motor, voltage regulator and ultrasonic sensor.
IV. USING ARDUINO SOFTWARE: Introduces the Arduino development environment and describes selecting a board and uploading a program.
V. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION: Describes making an Arduino-compatible board and connecting the servo motor and ultrasonic sensor.
VI. USING PROCESSING SOFTWARE: Introduces Processing as a visual programming environment.
VII. PROBLEMS FACED: Discusses challenges in constructing the board and establishing communication with a computer.
VIII. APPLICATIONS: Considers automotive, air-force, naval and army applications of detection technology.
IX. A FINAL LOOK: Presents images of the constructed board, completed project and display.
X. CONCLUSION: Recaps the intended combination of ultrasonic sensing, Arduino control and a computer display.
Keywords
Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, obstacle detection, ATmega328P, servo motor, Processing, microcontroller, bootloader, pulse-width modulation, distance measurement, embedded systems, Arduino IDE
Frequently Asked Questions
What is this work about?
It describes the construction of an Arduino-based obstacle-detection system using an ultrasonic sensor.
What are its main topics?
The work covers electronic components, board construction, sensor and motor connections, software and potential applications.
What is the project's primary objective?
The project aims to create an affordable system that detects obstacles and displays their distance and angle.
What method does the author use?
The author takes a practical engineering approach, describing component selection, construction, programming and implementation challenges.
What does the main body cover?
It explains the required hardware and software, the assembly process, communication problems and possible applications.
Which keywords characterize the work?
Key terms include Arduino, ultrasonic sensing, obstacle detection, servo motor, ATmega328P and Processing.
Why is a servo motor used?
The sensor is mounted on the servo motor so that its direction can be controlled while scanning.
What role does Processing play?
Processing provides the visual display intended to show detected obstacles with their distance and angle.
What hardware construction does the author describe?
The author describes making an Arduino-compatible board, including boot-loading an ATmega328 and connecting the supporting components.
- Quote paper
- Anuj Dutt (Author), 2014, Arduino based RADAR System, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/275114
